Aviation 4.0 Course 3 Past Paper PDF 2022

Aviation 4.0 Course 3 6. AirPort Operation Center - APOC- Airport 4.0  Enhancing visual surveillance for aerodrome operations with a Digital Apron and Tower Management System Digital Apron and Tower Management System (DATMS) – jointly developed by the Civil Aviation...

Aviation 4.0 Course 3 6. AirPort Operation Center - APOC- Airport 4.0  Enhancing visual surveillance for aerodrome operations with a Digital Apron and Tower Management System Digital Apron and Tower Management System (DATMS) – jointly developed by the Civil Aviation Department (CAD) and Airport Authority Hong Kong (AAHK) – is the first collaborative system under a single digital platform between air navigation service providers and airport operators. As one of the largest digital deployments to date in the industry, it aims to adopt a holistic approach in controlling and monitoring apron activities. With a view to enhance safety and operational efficiency through the utilisation of digital video technology and artificial intelligence (AI), it supports the operation of Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) and its expansion into a three-runway system  In addition to the augmented panoramic views of the airfield, DATMS is equipped with AI capability to enable a wide array of automated and predictive safety alerts, such as the early detection of potential conflicting situations or intrusions. Customised functionalities include displaying occupancy on runways and parking stands, Leveraging over 240 ultra-resolution (4K) optical sensors equipment readiness for flight handling, anomaly and 120 working positions installed on CAD’s and AAHK’s detection and more. premises, DATMS has emerged to allow an enhanced These features have effectively assisted the daily work visual surveillance for aerodrome and airport operators and decision-making processes of operators in operation by supplementing the seamlessly stitched, out-of-window planning and enhanced safety of operations on the view on displays overlaid with essential flight information. airfield.  CAD and AAHK both saw the benefits of applying digital technologies to airfield operations management. In this regard, a joint development between AAHK and CAD to establish a common software platform, technical infrastructure and video image system was implemented in full force One of the key applications to be added into DAMS is a traffic light alerting function. This new function can enhance apron traffic safety by controlling vehicle stop signs, which are usually installed along back-of-stand roads or taxi lane crossings. It will stop vehicle traffic before the aircraft enters the parking stands or vehicular crossings, by tracking aircraft positions and predicting their routes using ground radar and video analytics. 6.1 AN OPERATIONAL APPROACH TO AIRPORT PERFORMANCE EVERY AIRPORT IS DIFFERENT. ONE SOLUTION WILL NOT FIT ALL. Every solution must be tailored to each airport’s demands, environment and business objectives. We know that existing infrastructure often contains hidden and unused capacity that can be released with a holistic view of the airport. The aim is to propose a cost effective way to resolve an airport’s most pressing challenges, quickly and smoothly. This can encompass every aspect of air traffic control and guidance, from approach, runway and taxiway lighting to tower-based traffic control systems, to intelligent gate and docking automation. Use an operational view to optimize airport performance and customer success. SIX-STEP PROGRAM TAILORED TO OPTIMIZE AIRPORT PERFORMANCE The operational approach analyzes an airport’s current situation and aims to create a future-proof solution that boosts aircraft movements safely and optimizes airport efficiency. The aim is to accelerate airport performance around efficiency, sustainability and safety, by analyzing, recommending and delivering the right mix of intelligent operational and technical solutions and services for the tower, movement area and gates. Analysis – The first step is to understand your airport operations. Experts conduct a detailed analysis of traffic flow and mouvemet area, tower and gate operational processes. Operational concept – Having identified areas needing improvement, we then create a new operational scheme that meets your business and strategic objectives. Solution design – To design the complete airport operations solution that integrates all systems as required to implement the new operational processes.  Specification To achieve the full benefits of the operational concept it is vital to select the most appropriate products and systems for integration into the total solution. Implementation and integration – The project management teams deploy and engineer the complete system, producing a tightly integrated solution that works seamlessly and efficiently. Efficient operations – The highest airport performance is sustained with the support of the operations engineering team, including maintenance and training. 6.2 Typical organization of airport management 6.3 Management of airport operational services Operational services are those services that must be provided by the airport in relation to the safety and efficiency of aircraft operations from entry to exit from the airport's control area. This name also has the role of separating them from the economic-financial administration services, from the commercial ones and, in general, from those related to passenger assistance. The typical organization of airport operations 6.4 ICAO Requierements ICAO Annex 14, Chapter 10, Para 2.8, Pavements: The surface of a paved runway shall be maintained in a condition so as to provide good friction characteristics and low rolling resistance. Snow, slush, ice, standing water, mud, dust, sand, oil, rubber deposits and other contaminants shall be removed as rapidly and completely as possible to minimize accumulation.  6.5 The safe provision of airport operational services The airport operator or airport owner has the obligation to adopt and implement internationally recognized procedures for the safe provision of airport operational services that refer to the following aspects: a) Provision and maintenance of visual navigation signals; b) Ensuring rescue and fire fighting means; c) Ensuring and maintaining movement surfaces for aircraft; d) Ensuring and maintaining runway markings, lighting and visual landing guidance systems; e) Vehicle traffic control on the running surface aircraft; f) Regulation of traffic within the movement area; g) Cleaning the snow from the traffic surface andinformation on its status; h) Aircraft parking; i) Appreciation of braking possibilities on runways and water layer measurement; j) Measures to deter birds and other wildlife; k) Coordination of removal operations (from runways) of defective aircraft;  l) Adoption of measures in order to minimize the effects of the airport on the environment; m) Removal of possible obstacles on movement surface; n) Providing information, in real time, to everyonestakeholders (ATC, etc.) regarding the statusmovement surface. Snowtam – special NOTAM that announces, on a special printout, the presence or reduction of dangerous conditions to flight due to snow, ice, melted snow or snow water. (S30) 6.6 Removal of possible obstacles on movement surface Definitions 1. Foreign Object Debris: – A substance, debris, or articlealientoa vehicleor system which would potentially cause damage 2. Foreign Object Damage: Any damage attributed to a foreign object that can be expressed in physical or economic terms which may or may not degrade the products safety and/or performance characteristics It can be a bolt, a concrete chip, a piece of paper, a paint can, a hat, a passenger, tire tread.... FOD management - inspections Airline personnel should participate, when able, with the airport staff during the daily airside inspections (this will ensure that the local airline staff know what is happening on the airfield) FOD inspections must be carried out at regular intervals Airlines should designate individuals to ensure that the gate areas are acceptable prior to the aircraft operating there. Area inspections: risks Inspections of areas 6.7 Digital runway management solutions Run Wize Xsight Systems has developed an advanced runway management solution that is improving the day to day operation of the runways whilst increasing runway safety, capacity and efficiency. The flagship technology, RunWize , is a unique solution collocated with runway edge lights and utilizes a combination of millimeter wave radar and image processing to best detect FOD, birds, wildlife and monitor runway condition and activity. FODetect® is an automated and comprehensive FOD detection solution and the cornerstone of RunWize, consisting of the following additional enhancements: SnowWize , BirdWize and FODspot. FOD Detection comprehensive Solution, called FODetect® (Foreign Object Debris Detect) Xsight's FOD Detection comprehensive Solution, called FODetect® (Foreign Object Debris Detect), provides automatic and continuous monitoring of airport runways for foreign object debris (FOD), facilitating rapid detection and removal of FOD in all weather conditions. Each year, FOD amounts to a nearly $13 billion financial loss for the aviation industry worldwide. Even though airports are required to perform manual FOD inspections of the entire runway surface between 4-6 times a day, it’s clear that manual inspections alone are not sufficient to mitigate this serious threat. RunWize XSight’s FODetect Surface Detection Unit in place on the edge of a runway https://www.varec.com/solutions/fodd/ Mobile FOD Detection Technology developed by Trex Enterprises  What is FODetect? FODetect is an automated and comprehensive FOD (foreign FODetect object debris) detection solution collocated with runway edge lights and is the most powerful solution to improve runway safety, operational efficiency and increase runway capacity. FODetect has superb detection capabilities that derive from a unique hybrid optical-radar sensing technology, allowing high performance FOD and bird detection, and provides constant command over airport runways and their surroundings.  1. Increases runway safety FODetect increases runway safety by utilizing high performance detection with a resolution down to the size of an aircraft rivet. The unique integrated optic sensor with NIR illumination and a millimeter-wave radar sensing technology utilizes the best characteristics of each technology to provide high quality detection. FODetect – Near Infrared (NIR) is a subset of the infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum, covering the wavelengths ranging from 0.7 to 1.4 microns. This wavelength is just outside the range of what humans can see and can sometimes offers clearer details than what is achievable with visible benefits light imaging. This dual technology is supported by the proprietary image processing software, developed in-house specifically for intelligent detection. The Surface Detection Units (SDUs) include a powerful local processing unit connected to the system server and operator interface and locate us in close range of the surface. As a result, FODetect can scan runway surfaces in under a minute so all aircrafts benefit from a clear runway before take-off and landing.  2. Increases runway capacity & operational efficiency FODetect increases runway capacity and can add up to 4 slots per hour. FODetect FOD visualization & interrogation capabilities assist the operator benefits to identify the FOD, its location and size which minimizes false alarms. In case the FOD has been determined a danger, the team can use it’s GPS location, blinking closest edge light and it’s number and a laser line marker for pinpointing the FOD at night for efficient & quick FOD retrieval, minimizing runway closure time.  SnowWize SnowWize is an enhancement to FODetect, the automated FOD detection solution. SnowWize markedly improves winter operations efficiency and raises runway safety and availability by remotely measuring snow depth levels across the runway in real-time. SnowWize utilizes an advanced measurement unit added to select FODetect Surface Detection Units collocated with runway edge lights. The measurement unit uses an infrared laser beam and advanced image processing algorithms for remote accurate measurement. SnowWize provides runway surface contamination conditions in real time in an accurate and frequent manner - crucial information for every airport operations team. The integrated solution automatically measures snow levels across the runway in real time without interrupting runway operation, alerting when levels exceed customized thresholds. SnowWize  SnowWize Benefits 1. Increases runway availability by minimizing unnecessary runway closures 2. Remote measurement monitors runway surface conditions in real-time 3. Easy to use and seamless operation works automatically with no user initiation required. 4. Continuous monitoring constant, always-on monitoring during inclement weather. 5. Lowers operational overhead no need to physically drive to the runway and enables smart pre-planning for contaminant removal. 6. Advanced image processing solution provides remote visual of the runway to allow contaminants identification and confirmation. 7. Comprehensive reporting provides in-depth runway insight and identifies suspicious areas based on aggregated sensor data. BirdWize What is BirdWize BirdWize is an enhancement to FODetect, Xsight Systems' Automated FOD Detection Solution, offering comprehensive runway ground level bird hazard management. By providing constant runway surveillance and remote bird auditory deterrence, BirdWize enables safe and continuous runway operations during day and night. BirdWize Benefits: Enhance runway safety : Constant runway surveillance with bird deterrence that keeps the runway clear and safe Raise operational efficiency : Registers runway bird behavior enabling proactive measures to reduce bird strike risks Improve workforce productivity : Automates manual procedures, no need to dispatch personnel to detect and deter hazardous birds on the runway Increase runway capacity : By remotely operating auditory deterrence, the runway maintains continued operations with no interruption. BirdWize  FODspot What is FODspot? FODspot is a unique scalable system for detection and monitoring of FOD on airports’ critical areas – intersections and other FOD hotspots, which can be expanded to cover full runways and taxiways. FODspot is based on Xsight Systems FAA approved FODetect solution. It combines the power of millimeter-wave radar, the flexibility of inclement weather, day/night visibility using high-resolution NIR-illuminated optic sensors, and proven advanced image processing. Together, these technologies enable viable wide-area runway sensing at a previously unprecedented level of accuracy. FODspot utilizes a Video Recording Unit (VRU), which allows additional features for improved safety and operational efficiency: FODspot  1. From blindfolded to fully in control Provides air and ground controllers with real time surveillance capabilities during day and night routine or emergency operations, and in inclement weather conditions. During maintenance or construction work on the runway/taxiway, FODspot can conveniently be placed in order to scan the surface, and make sure no FOD has been left behind. 2. FOD source ascription Identifies the source of the FOD and automatically records all intersection activity, while enabling preventive actions to minimize future FOD event occurrences. 6.8 Safety management system 1. The aerodrome administrator shall develop a safety management system on the aerodrome, establishing the organizational structure and the specific tasks, duties and responsibilities of the management and decision-making persons in the system, with the aim of ensuring that the operations are carried out in a demonstrably controlled manner and are perfectible. 2 The airport administrator will equip and adequately train all personnel to know and understand the safety objectives, the hierarchical authority structure, the decision and information flows, as well as the concrete responsibilities of each person in the field of airport operations/activities safety. Safety management system 3. The aerodrome administrator shall require all users of the aerodrome, including air operators with a fixed base on the aerodrome, aeronautical handling agents and other organizations that carry out activities on the aerodrome in connection with the flight or handling of aircraft, to comply with the requirements that established regarding safety at the aerodrome. 4. The aerodrome administrator will supervise compliance with this requirement. Safety management system 5. The aerodrome administrator will request all aerodrome users, air operators with a fixed base at the aerodrome, aeronautical handling agents and other organizations mentioned in paragraph 3, to cooperate in the program of achieving safety at the aerodrome and safe use of the aerodrome, including by informing immediately on any accidents, incidents, malfunctions or errors with a direct effect on operational safety.  6.9 APOC Airport Operations Center (APOC) on site enables airport to manage all airport operations, from passenger flows and aircraft stands to technical maintenance and luggage, in real time, making it an advanced airports. The APOC (Airport Operations Center) promotes advanced collaborative airport operations management, making it possible to both optimize resources and support the development of air traffic, but also take into account all the factors which may disrupt flights to and from the airport.  The APOC centralizes the management of all of the airport’s different resources, such as aircraft stands, passenger boarding bridges, self-service check-in terminals, luggage conveyor belts or parking lot entrances/exits. It also ensures optimal passenger flows through the airport. The control station allows staff to exchange information in real time to determine the most relevant solutions, initiate their implementation and verify their effects on all terminals, runways and airport surroundings. Through better communication between all airport staff, passengers can be assured of a smooth journey and more punctual flights, according to the airport. ◼ At the slightest sign of equipment failure, a team can intervene quickly to resolve the problem. In the event of a deteriorated situation, as a result of the weather for example, a shorter decision and command chain facilitates a swifter return to normal operations. ◼ The Airport Duty Manager manages operations and takes decisions in real time thanks to the hypervisor, an IT system enabling real-time management of all operations, continuously communicating with partners, airlines, ground-handling agents or security personnel. ACDM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N38IN47wzUo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yDiURylREk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHsmv6zMuhQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vRCtrk6QjM  Nice Côte d’Azur opens Airport Operations Center ◼ This ultra-modern 500m2 facility is equipped with dozens of control screens and a new Airport Duty Manager (ADM) role has been created. https://www.passengerterminaltoday.com/news/airport/nice-cote-dazur-opens- airport-operations-center-to-manage-performance-in-real-time.html#prettyPhoto (HAZEL KING ON DECEMBER 9, 2020) Airport Duty Manager Responsibilities include: Overseeing all shift activities including the coordination and monitoring of all functions to ensure work is performed in a consistent manner with airport policies, procedures, and regulations, and in accordance with airport standards and to ensure the safety and security of passengers, tenants, and employees. Representing the City on boards, commissions, meetings, etc. and Airport Management in all aspects of airport operations. Ensuring the operational efficiency and safety of the airport by performing standard safety and security inspections of the aircraft operating area and terminal facilities in compliance with applicable national regulations/directives and airport rules and regulations and directs necessary responses and corrective actions for all deficiencies noted during inspections. Coordinating the airport’s response to critical incidents, irregular operations (IRROPS), and emergencies and provides resolutions to problems/issues. Airport Duty Manager Responsibilities include: Monitoring and inspecting airport activities, properties, and facilities. Monitoring the performance of airlines, tenants, concessionaires, and others to ensure their adherence to airport rules and regulations. Coordinating scheduling, scope of work, and safety issues with stakeholders on all construction and maintenance projects to ensure minimal operational disruption and monitors all construction activity to address safety and customer satisfaction concerns. Serving as liaison between the Airport and contractors during construction activities; coordinates and directs maintenance and construction work on runways, taxiways, aprons, and terminal facilities; ensures safety and security are maintained during these activities; and issues Notice to Airmen (NOTAMS) to advise all concerned parties of airfield conditions. Airport Duty Manager Responsibilities include: Monitoring and approving the use of shared-use equipment including gates, ticket counters, jet bridges, and baggage carousels to ensure critical equipment is available during irregular operations and emergencies. Providing direction and instruction on resolving critical incidences/situations, operational activities, security- related activity, security breaches, and violations of rules and regulations, etc. Responding to and managing the Department Operations Center (DOC) during emergencies; serves as incident commander. Prepares and communicates a variety of airport operational advisories and notifications to air carriers, general aviation operators, air traffic control, tenants, governmental agencies, and airport users. Reviewing and maintaining records and operational logs and prepares reports and correspondence. Investigating complaints, issues, concerns, and inquiries and providing recommendations for resolution