Automation, CAM, CIM Application PDF

Automation, CAM, CIM Application  CAM From design to manufacturing CAD, CAE Design and simulation CAPP Manufacturing planning for whole Automation Process (sequence, machine, time,...

Automation, CAM, CIM Application  CAM From design to manufacturing CAD, CAE Design and simulation CAPP Manufacturing planning for whole Automation Process (sequence, machine, time, tools etc) – documented in route sheet Material handling CIM -Cellular Manufacturing -Flexible Manufacturing System -Holonic Manufacturing -Just-in-Time -Lean Manufacturing -Communication network to connect between workstation -Artificial Intelligence Automation in SMART HOME Smart home automation is the use of technology to automatically control devices in a home, such as lights, thermostats, and security cameras. Smart home automation can make life more convenient and comfortable, and can also help save energy and money. Automation in SMART HOME Motion Sensors Benefit: Detects movement, allowing automated lighting, security alerts, and energy savings. For example, lights can turn off automatically when no motion is detected, saving electricity. Temperature Sensors Benefit: Monitors room temperature to adjust heating and cooling. This enhances comfort and optimizes energy use, lowering heating or cooling costs by only activating when necessary. Humidity Sensors Benefit: Tracks humidity levels to manage air quality and prevent mold. It can trigger dehumidifiers or exhaust fans, improving air comfort and preventing damage to furniture or walls. Light Sensors Benefit: Detects ambient light levels and adjusts artificial lighting accordingly. This maintains optimal lighting conditions and reduces energy use by dimming or turning off lights in bright daylight Automation in SMART HOME Smoke and Carbon Monoxide (CO) Sensors Benefit: Provides early warnings for fire or harmful gas leaks, increasing safety. When integrated with home automation, it can also trigger alarms and alert emergency contacts. Water Flow Sensors Benefit: By only allowing water to flow when a hand is detected, the sensor prevents unnecessary water use then can conserves water. Touchless operation minimizes physical contact with faucets, reducing the spread of germs and bacteria and improve hygiene. Its also enhances convenience and accessibility, especially for children, elderly individuals, or those with disabilities. Door and Window Sensors Benefit: Enhances security and safety by monitoring if doors or windows are opened and enhance convenience. It can also help save energy by adjusting the HVAC when doors or windows are open. Air Quality Sensors Benefit: Monitors indoor air quality (detecting pollutants or allergens) and activates air purifiers, maintaining a healthy living environment. Automation in AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE These sensors enhance safety, and energy, improve convenience, and vehicle performance.  Reverse (Parking) Sensor: Helps drivers when reversing by detecting obstacles behind the car and alerting them with sounds or signals, making parking and backing up safer. Light Sensor: Detects light levels around the car and automatically turns headlights on or off as needed, improving safety by ensuring headlights are always used appropriately. Engine Temperature Sensor: Monitors engine temperature and sends data to control fuel use and cooling. If the engine overheats, it alerts the driver to prevent damage. Fuel Sensor: Measures the fuel level in the tank and displays it on the dashboard, helping the driver know when it’s time to refuel. Airbag Sensor: Detects sudden deceleration or impact, triggering airbags to deploy in case of a collision, providing protection to passengers.  : : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEM Artificial Intelligence Expert System AI is a broad field that aims to create machines or An expert system is a specific type of AI designed software that can perform tasks that typically to mimic the decision-making abilities of a human require human intelligence, such as problem- expert. It typically uses a predefined set of rules solving, learning, perception, and language and facts (knowledge base) along with a processing. AI includes a range of technologies reasoning engine to solve specific problems and approaches, including machine learning, within a limited domain, such as medical neural networks, natural language processing, diagnosis, financial planning, or customer service. and more. Many AI systems, especially those based on Expert systems rely heavily on a fixed set of if-then machine learning, improve over time by learning rules created by human experts. They lack learning from data. They can adapt and modify their abilities and cannot automatically adapt or improve responses based on new information, which makes their performance based on new data, which limits them more flexible in dynamic environments. them to scenarios covered by their rules. Case example: Autonomous vehicle Case example: Medical application Artificial Intelligence in AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES Autonomous vehicles (AVs), often referred to as self-driving cars, are vehicles equipped with technologies that allow them to operate without direct human intervention. These vehicles are capable of sensing their environment, interpreting the data they collect, and making driving decisions to navigate safely from one place to another. AVs rely on various advanced technologies, including sensors, cameras, radar, LiDAR, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning, to understand and interact with the surrounding environment Key Components of Autonomous Vehicles 1. Sensors: Cameras, LiDAR (light detection and ranging), radar, and ultrasonic sensors detect objects, road signs, lane markings, and other vehicles. Together, they provide a complete picture of the environment around the vehicle. 2. Perception Algorithms: AI-based perception algorithms analyze sensor data to recognize objects like pedestrians, vehicles, and traffic signals. 3. Mapping and Localization: High-definition (HD) maps and localization techniques, such as GPS and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), enable the vehicle to determine its exact position. 4. Path Planning and Decision Making: AI models and algorithms use sensor data to plan a safe route, determine the speed, and make decisions (e.g., when to stop, turn, or change lanes). 5. Control Systems: These systems execute the planned actions by steering, braking, or accelerating to follow the chosen path. Expert system in MEDICAL APPLICATION Expert systems are computer programs that emulate the decision-making abilities of a human expert. In the medical field, they can assist healthcare professionals in diagnosing diseases, recommending treatments, and managing patient care. Expert system in MEDICAL APPLICATION In medical applications, expert systems help with decision-making, diagnosis, and planning. They have three main parts: the Knowledge Base, Inference Engine, and User Interface. Knowledge Base: Stores medical expertise, like symptoms, treatments, drug interactions, and patient data. This information, often from medical professionals or guidelines, helps identify illnesses. Inference Engine: Applies rules to the knowledge base to make decisions. It assesses symptoms and patient data to suggest possible diagnoses or treatments, like flagging potential drug interactions. User Interface: Allows healthcare providers to interact with the system. They can enter patient data, review diagnostic suggestions, and get treatment recommendations. This interface makes it easy for doctors to get possible diagnoses and next steps. Expert system in AUTOMOTIVE FAULT DETECTION In automotive diagnosis, expert systems help mechanics identify issues, recommend repairs, and optimize maintenance. Knowledge Base: Stores information on vehicle systems, fault codes, symptoms, and repair guides. It includes expert input on common faults and troubleshooting methods, covering areas like engine and electrical issues. Inference Engine: This is the "thinking" part of the system. It uses the knowledge base to analyze symptoms or error codes entered by a technician and suggests likely causes or tests. For example, if a car has low fuel efficiency and misfires, the inference engine might recommend checking the fuel injectors or spark plugs. User Interface: Allows mechanics to interact with the system. They can enter symptoms and error codes, view diagnostic suggestions, and follow repair instructions. A good interface guides technicians through diagnosis and repair steps, sometimes even on handheld tools. Expert system in PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE In preventive maintenance, expert systems play a crucial role by predicting and preventing equipment failures before they happen. These systems help industries avoid costly downtimes and extend the lifespan of machinery. Knowledge Base: This is where all the maintenance knowledge is stored, from historical data, manufacturer recommendation including rules about when parts might fail and solutions for common issues. Ex: high vibration level above threshold might indicated a bearing issue Inference Engine: This part analyzes real-time data from sensor/ equipment and uses the rules from the knowledge base to predict issues or failures and recommend maintenance. Ex: detects rise in temperature and noise, predict that the motor is overheating and needs maintenance User Interface: This is where technicians interact with the system, view alerts, and get maintenance advice. Together, these parts help predict problems early, allowing for timely maintenance and preventing equipment breakdowns.