Bacteriology PDF

Bacteriology Pathogen Distinct Infection Distinct Signs and Mode of Control, Characteristics Symptoms Transmission Prevention and...

Bacteriology Pathogen Distinct Infection Distinct Signs and Mode of Control, Characteristics Symptoms Transmission Prevention and Management 1. Staphylococcus - G (+) Skin infections Usually not Hygiene, boost aureus - Cocci in 1. Sty, Boils, - Abscess with pus communicable immune response grape-like cluster furuncles, Staphylococcus epidermidis carbuncles - N flora of the skin - Catalase positive 2. Impetigo Staphylococcus - Crusty skin - Produce yellow 3. Scalded skin saprophyticus lesion colonies syndrome - Erythema, - MRSA, VRSA Nikolsky sign, desquamation Toxic shock Fever, vomiting, Usually not Hygiene syndrome diarrhea, communicable hypotension, rash, multiple organ system involvement Gastroenteritis nausea, vomiting, Ingestion Hygiene, sanitation diarrhea, no fever Oral-fecal route 2. Streptococcus - G(+) cocci Pharyngitis or Strep throat Usually not Hygiene, sanitation, pyogenes - In chains pharyngotonsilitis Scarlet fever communicable boost immune - N flora Can lead to response - Encapsulated rheumatic fever - Classification: or glumerulonephri Hemolysis (α, β, Ɣ) tis Lancefield/serological Impetigo/pyoderma vesicles, pustules Usually not Hygiene, sanitation, communicable boost immune response  lymphadenopath y erysipelas (St. Fiery red, Usually not Hygiene, sanitation, Anthony’s fire) advancing communicable boost immune erythema on response face and limbs Lymphadenopat hy and systemic infection Puerperal sepsis Septicemia – during Usually not Surgical asepsis chiildbirth communicable 3. Streptococcus G(+) cocci in pairs Pneumonia fever, chills, sharp Respiratory droplet, PPE, isolation, pneumoniae or short chains, pleural pain, blood usually among boost immune lancet-shaped or rusty alveolar immunocompromis response Encapsulated exudate ed hosts Alpha hemolytic 4. Bacillus anthracis - G(+) bacilli inhalation anthrax - mediastinitis, Inhalation of spores - disposal of - Sporefoming sepsis, animal - Aerobic meningitis, carcasses by - Cut-glass hemorrhagic burning or by appearance pulmonary deep burial - Central edema, - decontaminatio endospores pneumonia n of animal Rapidly fatal products - protective gastrointestinal abdominal pain, Ingestion of spores clothing and anthrax vomiting, bloody gloves for diarrhea handling skin anthrax necrotic ulcer which Entry of spores in disseminates into open wound infected blood stream materials  - active immunization of domestic animals 5. Bacillus cereus Food poisoning emetic type - Ingestion of spores Food sanitation associated with rice; incubation period: 1-6 hrs diarrheal type - associated with meat; incubation period: 1-24 hrs 6. Clostridium - G(+) bacilli - Classical or S/S: dry mouth, Ingestion of Food sanitation botulinum - Sporefoming food-borne – blurred vision with contaminated food, - Obligate associated with dilated pupils, entry of spores in an anaerobe canned food or constipation, open wound - Drumstick smoked fish abdominal pain, bacillus - Infant botulism flaccid paralysis, respiratory paralysis flaccid paralysis, floppy baby Associated with sudden infant death (SIDS)/ crib death - Wound botulism 7. Clostridium tetani tetanus Entry of spores in an active ▪ muscular spasms open wound immunization with , first area of toxoids infection are the muscles of the jaw (masseter) – trismus/lockjaw)  ▪ Risus sardonicus – sardonic smile ▪ Opisthotonus – persistent spasms of neck and back ▪ Hyperreflexia ▪ Seizures Tetanus neonatorum – in newborns 8. Clostridium Gas gangrene S/S: foul-smelling Entry of spores in an - surgical perfringens discharge, necrosis, open wound debridement fever, hemolysis, - antitoxins toxemia, shock, and death Food poisoning diarrhea Ingestion of spores Food sanitation 9. Clostridium difficile Pseudomembrane plaques and Ingestion of spores Food sanitation colitis microabscesses 10. Propionibacterium - G(+) bacilli pimple Non-communicable acnes - N flora of the skin - Non-sporeformin g 11. Corynebacterium - G(+) bacilli Diphtheria - formation of Respiratory droplet Vaccination diphtheriae - Non-sporeformin adherent g pseudomembran - club-shaped e in tonsils and appearance) throat - Has - Extension of metachromatic pseudomembran e into the larynx  granules (beaded and trachea appearance) leads to airway - Pleomorphic obstruction –Chinese manifesting as character dyspnea appearance (L or Necrotic epithelium, V shaped) plus fibrin, RBCs and WBCs produces a grayish "pseudomembrane" 12. Listeria - Gram positive Listeriosis S/S: fever, intense Ingestion of Food sanitation monocytogenes - Non-spore headache, nausea, contaminated food forming vomiting, delirium, Usually in pregnant - Cold loving coma, shock, death women, newborns, - Tumbling - Granulomatosis immunocompromis end-over-end infantiseptica – ed individuals granuloma and motility abscess formation in several organs 13. Escherichia coli - Gram negative Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) - cause Oral-fecal route Hygiene, food rods traveller’s diarrhea which is usually sanitation - Coliforms - self-limiting Normal flora of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) - the GIT of hemolytic uremic syndrome – renal failure, humans and hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) – usually animals cause diarrhea in infants, esp on poorly - Has fimbriae sanitized areas; causes watery diarrhea - Has pili Enteroadherent E. coli (EAEC) Cause acute and chronic diarrhea Produces ST-like toxin and hemolysin Causes food-borne illness in industrialized countries  Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) Cause dysentery-like symptoms characterized by bloody dirrhea, malaise, headache, high fever, and abdominal pain Causes UTI and meningitis in newborns Extraintestinal diseases Non-communicable Hygiene, food sanitation urinary tract infection S/S: urinary frequency, dysuria, hematuria, pyuria Neonatal meningitis Nosocomial infections 14. Salmonella typhi - Enterobacteriace Typhoid fever fever, sweats, Oral-fecal route Hygiene, food ae headache, anorexia, sanitation - Motile with weakness, sore throat, cough, peritrichous flagella myalgia, rose spots, - Encapsulated bradycardia, - Associated with constipation egg and poultry 15. Shigella dysenteriae - Family Shigellosis - abdominal pain, - Highly Hygiene, food Enterobacteriace fever, watery communicable sanitation ae diarrhea, - Shigella is - Low infectious bleeding and transmitted by dose ulceration, "food, fingers, tenesmus or feces, and flies strained defecation Complications: perforation of the colon, hemolytic uremic syndrome,  Ekiri syndrome (a type of encephalopathy) - Carrier state is possible 16. Vibrio cholerae - G(-) enteric rod Cholera nausea, vomiting, 4F Hygiene, sanitation - Comma-shaped abdominal cramps, fluid and - Halophilic "rice water" stool electrolyte - Alkaliphile (contains mucus, replacement - Monotrichous epithelial cells and flagella large volume of vibrios), rapid fluid and electrolyte loss (20 to 30 L/day) 17. Vibrio - G(-) enteric rod Acute gastroenteritis ingestion of Hygiene, sanitation parahaemolyticus - Halophilic - Self-limiting contaminated seafood 18. Campylobacter - Gram-negative Acute gastroenteritis crampy abdominal Ingestion of Hygiene, sanitation jejuni rods with Self-limiting pain, profuse contaminated food comma, S or diarrhea with blood, and water "gull-wing" headache, malaise, shapes and fever - Motile with single polar flagellum - Microaerophilic - Reservoir: fowls, mammals 19. Helicobacter pylori Spiral-shaped, Gastritis, ulcer It is present in the Healthy eating gram-negative rod gastric mucosa of habit, boost Motile less than 20% of immune response Strong producer of persons under age urease of 30 but increase in  prevalence in elderly 20. Yersinia pestis - Non-enteric Bubonic plague hemorrhagic and Biological vector - Rodent control - G (-) rod necrotic lesions, high bite of rat flea - Pleomorphic fever, painful - Microaerophilic lymphoadenopathy, - Zoonoses - enlarged tender rodents nodes in the groin or axilla Pneumonic plague Pneumonia Airborne - Contagious 21. Francisella - Gram negative Tularemia-rabbit inflammatory, Biological vector Avoid reservoir tularensis non-enteric fever, deerfly fever ulcerating papule, transmission – deer - pleomorphic rod enlarge and necrotic fly - pathogen of lymph nodes, animals pneumonitis, headache, fever, malaise 22. Pasteurella - Gram negative Pasteurella May cause Bite of infected Avoid reservoir multocida non-enteric multocidainfection pneumonia, animal e.g cats - Coccobacilli hemorrhagic - Pathogens of septicemia animals S/S: redness, swelling and pain on the bite area, lymphoadenopathy 23. Pseudomonas - G (-) non-enteric Nosocomial Usually aeruginosa - Present in moist infections non-communicable environment - Saprophyte - Produces sweet or grape-like odor  - Different varieties produces pigments: - Usually resistant to antibiotics - Ubiquitous 24. 25. - 26. - - 27. - 28. - - 29. - - 30. - 31. - 32. 33. - 34. 35. - 36. - - - 37. 38. - - 39. 40. 41. - 42. - 43. - - 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49.