Phonetics Notes PDF

# Creating a Vibration Causing a Voiced sound - The larynx is the top of the lungs. - The pharynx above the larynx a space behind the tongue reaching up towards. - The tongue is the most important part of the organs of speech. - The lips take up various different positions. - The teeth are importan...

# Creating a Vibration Causing a Voiced sound - The larynx is the top of the lungs. - The pharynx above the larynx a space behind the tongue reaching up towards. - The tongue is the most important part of the organs of speech. - The lips take up various different positions. - The teeth are important in a speech. # Phonetics - /j/ as in "year" - /S/ as in "share" - /ð/ as in "they" - /tf/ as in "chance" # Minimal Pairs & Sets - Minimal Pairs: Two different words - Minimal Sets: Three words or more # Phonetics - Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies human speech sounds. - Organs of speech are the different parts that we use in producing speech sounds. # Phonemic Transcription - Phonemic transcription is the representation of each phoneme by a single symbol. - For example: Boy: /boi/ # Sounds - There are 44 sounds that are divided into 24 consonants and 20 vowels. # Vowel Sounds - Vowel sounds are produced without significant airflow restriction. # Consonant Sounds - Consonant sounds are produced with some obstruction in the vocal tract. # English Vowel sounds - English has 7 short vowels. - /æ/: mat /mæt/- cat /kæt/ - /e/: get /get/- set /set/ - /1/: sit /slt / - fit /flt/ - /ʌ/: duck /dʌk/ - but /bʌt/ - /D/: hot/hDt/- got /gDt/ - /u/: book/buk/- look/luk/ - /ə/: above /əbʌv - English has 5 long vowels. - /a:/: hard/ha:rd/ - farm /fa:m/ - /i:/: eat/i:t/ - seat/si:t / - /3:/: bird/b3:rd/ - third /03:rd/ - /u:/: food/fu:d/ - move/mu:v/ - /ว:/ : horse/ho:s/-course/kɔ:rs/ # Consonants - **Place of Articulation**: - Bilabial /p, m,b,w. - Labiodentals /f, v. - Interdental /Ø,ð. - Alveolar /t, d, sz, nr, I. - Palate alveolar /S,tf,d³,3. - Palatal /J - Velar/k.gn - Glottal/h - **Manner of Articulations**: 1. **Plosives- Stops**: Complete blockage of airflow, followed by a release (e.g., /p/, /b/, /t/,/d/,/k/,/g/). 2. **Fricatives**: The air escapes through a narrow channel causing friction.(e.g., /f/, /v /, /s/, /z/,/θ/, /f/, / 3/, /h/). 3. **Affricates**: A combination of a stop followed by a fricative (e.g., /tf/,/g/). 4. **Nasals**: The air comes out from the nose, not the mouth. (e.g., /m/, /n/, /η/). 5. **Liquids – laterals**: Partial blockage, allowing airflow to pass smoothly (e.g., /I/, /r/). 6. **Glides**: They are smooth and quick. They are called transitional sounds. (e.g., /j/, /w/). # Consonant Phoneme Chart - /p/ as in "pen" - /t/ as in "tie" - /g/ as in "good" - /v/ as in "van" - /I/ as in "look" - /m/ as in " moon" - /j/ as in "year" - /z/ as in "zoo" - /f / as in "share" - /ð / as in "they" - /w/ as in " wet" - /3/ as in "casual" - /n/ as in " ring" - /b/ as in "beer" - /d/ as in "deer" - /f/ as in " fan" - /h/ as in "hot" - /r/ as in "run" - /n/as in " nine" - /s/as in "set" - /k/ as in "cat" - /t∫/ as in "chance" - /0/ as in "thought" - /d3/ as in " age"