Asthma and COPD PDF

ASTHMA AND COPD Kimberly Beers Castillo DNP, FNP-BC ASTHMA Asthma Pathophysiology Chronic disorder of the airways that causes: Obstruction Hyperresponsiveness Inflammation Source : Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, 2022...

ASTHMA AND COPD Kimberly Beers Castillo DNP, FNP-BC ASTHMA Asthma Pathophysiology Chronic disorder of the airways that causes: Obstruction Hyperresponsiveness Inflammation Source : Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, 2022 Risk Factors Genetics: Atopy Environmental exposure This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA. Symptoms Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness after physical activity, during certain seasons, after allergen exposure Colds that last more than 10 days Relief with medication Physical Exam Expiratory wheezing Hyperexpansion during normal of the thorax breathing Atopic Increased nasal dermatitis, secretions and eczema, or polyps other allergic skin conditions Differentials Bronchiectasis: productive cough, hx recurrent pulmonary infections COPD: hx smoking or biomass exposure CHF: pulmonary crackles, lower extremity edema, JVD Eosinophilic bronchitis: chronic cough, upper airway symptoms, no hyperresponsiveness Foreign body aspiration: localized area of wheeze, hx Postnasal drip: hx rhinitis and sinusitis, but no variable airflow obstruction GERD: cough worse after eating, may have epigastric tenderness, frequent burping, no airflow obstruction Diagnosing with Spirometry Spirometry before and after the administration of a short-acting bronchodilator​ FVC: forced vital capacity​ FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second​ FEV1/FVC: % FVC expired in one second​ Normal: FVC and FEV1 normal, FEV1/FVC >70%​ Restrictive: FVC and FEV1 reduced, FEV1/FVC >70% ​ Obstructive: FVC and FEV1 reduced, FEV1/FVC 30/min, pulse >120, o2