AST GC Highlighted by Numaan PDF

RESTRICTED PAP ADVANCE SKILL TEST GROUND COMBATEER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS DOCUMENT IS NOT TO BE COMMUNICATED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY TO THE PRESS OR TO ANY PERSON NOT UTHORISED TO RECEIVE IT. ISSUED BY, CENTRAL TRADE TEST BOARD...

RESTRICTED PAP ADVANCE SKILL TEST GROUND COMBATEER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS DOCUMENT IS NOT TO BE COMMUNICATED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY TO THE PRESS OR TO ANY PERSON NOT UTHORISED TO RECEIVE IT. ISSUED BY, CENTRAL TRADE TEST BOARD PAKISTAN AIR FORCE UNDER AUTHORITY OF, DIRECTORATE OF FIELD TRAINING AIR HEADQUARTERS, ISLAMABAD RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED IDENTIFICATION OF PARTICIPANTS 1. Revised by : (a) CWO Aatif Shahzad Pak/488069 GC (b) AWO Sadaqat Shah Pak/494176 GC (c) Jnr Tech Umer Shehzad Pak/518264 GC 2. Vetted by : (a) Sqn Ldr Muhammad Ayaz Pak/12952 A&SD (b) Chf Wrt Off Naim Ul Hassan Pak/489300 GC (c) Wrt Off Humayoon Pak/492875 GC 3. Composed by : 4. Printed by : 5. Proof vetted by: 6. Approved by : (i) RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED PREFACE 1. The Trade Manual before you has been prepared to provide the study material for the airmen of the GC trade the Qualifying Examinations (i.e., QE-1, QE-2 and QE-3). 2. This Manual has been prepared by a team of trade specialists under the instructions of Air Headquarters, Islamabad Directorate of Field Training. Concentrated efforts have been made in up-dating and printing this manual. However, possibility of errors/ mistakes can not be ruled out. Any proposal for further improvement will be highly appreciated. Proposals in this regard may be submitted to Directorate of Field Training, Air Headquarters, Islamabad and Central Trade Test Board, Air Headquarters Peshawar. OFFICER COMMANDING CENTRAL TRADE TEST BOARD June, 2021 PAKISTAN AIR FORCE (ii) RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED GENERAL CONTENTS SECTION CHAPTER SUBJECTS PAGE RIFLE G-3 1 Aiming and Holding and firing 1-1 2 Mechanism of Rifle G-3 1-6 1 3 Stoppages and Immediate actions 1-8 4 Zeroing of Rifle G-3 1-11 5 Firing from various positions and at moving 1-14 target MG-1A3 1 Sight Setting, Aiming, Holding and Firing 2-1 2 2 Stoppages and Immediate actions 2-3 3 Examination of the Gun 2-6 4 Mechanism of MG1A3 2-8 SUB MACHINE GUN 7.62 MM 1 Loading, Unloading, Aiming, Holding 3-1 and Firing of SMG 3 2 Mechanism of SMG 3-3 3 Stoppages and immediate actions 3-5 4 Zeroing of SMG 3-7 60 MM MORTAR 1 Care and Maintenance of 60mm Mortar 4-1 2 Description of Collimeter Sight 4-4 4 3 Use of Collimeter Sight and Laying the Mortar 4-7 at Night 4 Testing & Adjusting of Sights 4-11 5 Loading, Firing and Misfire Drill 4-14 PISTOL (9mm, 7.62 mm) 1 Introduction, Stripping, Assembling, Name of 5-1 Parts and Technical Data of Glock-17 5 2 Introduction, Stripping, Assembling, Name of 5-5 Parts and Technical Data of Pistol 7.62 mm 3 Loading, Unloading, Aiming, Holding and Firing 5-8 of Pistols (iii) RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED GENERAL CONTENTS SECTION CHAPTER SUBJECTS PAGE HAND GRENADE 6 1 Introduction, Technical Data of Hand Grenade 6-1 ARGES 84 2 Drill for throwing the Grenade 6-2 NIGHT VISION GOGGLE 1 Introduction and function of AD / PVS4A 7-1 7 2 Malfunction and their corrective action image 7-5 intensifier 3 Night Vision Goggles (NVG) 7-7 MULTIPLE GRENADE LAUNCHER MK1L 1 Introduction, Characteristics, Safety Precaution, 8-1 Name of the parts and Technical data of MGL 40mm MK1L 8 2 Aiming, Holding, Firing, Loading and Unloading 8-5 of MGL 40 mm MK1L 3 Multiple Grenade Launcher Sight (OEG) 8-9 4 Weapon system, Mechanism, Troubleshooting 8-10 and their Remedies ROCKET PROPELLED GRENADE (RPG-7) 9 1 Stripping, Assembling, Name of the Parts and 9-1 Technical Data of RPG-7 2 Firing position, Loading and Unloading 9-6 3 Safe Handling, Care and Maintenance 9-9 4 Mechanism, Stoppages and immediate action 9-11 SNIPER 10 1 Introduction, Characteristics, Stripping, 10-1 Assembling, Name of parts and Technical Data 2 Loading, Unloading, Holding and Firing 10-6 (iv) RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED GENERAL CONTENTS SECTION CHAPTER SUBJECTS PAGE CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL RADIOLOGICAL NUCLEAR 1 Protection against Nuclear Attack 11-1 11 2 Shelters 11-2 3 Immediate action drill 11-4 4 First aid in chemical warfare 11-6 5 Personal protection drill 11-8 FIELD CRAFT 12 Movement with and without Arms during day 12-1 1 and night EXPLOSIVES 1 Use of Trip Flare 13-1 13 2 Time fuse cutting, Testing, Detonator cramping 13-3 3 Preparation of simple and multiple charges 13-4 4 Improvised Explosive Device (IED) 13-7 GROUND DEFENCE 14 1 Principle of Ground Defence 14-1 2 Appreciation and preparation of Ground 14-3 Defence Plan 3 Defence and Fight in Buildup area 14-5 MAP READING 1 Reading and Setting of Map 15-1 15 2 Use of Compass 15-3 3 Eye Sketch 15-5 SIGNALS 1 Voice Procedure 16-1 16 2 How to Speak on Radio, Rules of spelling 16-2 3 Radio Discipline and Security 16-4 4 Offering and Passing a message 16-6 (v) RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED GENERAL CONTENTS SECTION CHAPTER SUBJECTS PAGE LETTERS / LMs 1 Layout of Formal Official Letter 17-2 17 2 Layout of informal Official Letter 17-4 3 Layout of Loose Minute 17-6 RESTRICTED  CHAPTER 1 AIMING, HOLDING AND FIRING Aim 1 To teach how to hold the rifle and to take the correct aim. Introduction 2 You must learn how to aim accurately by understanding how to line up by the sights and aiming mark you must also hold your rifle efficiently from any position. Aiming 3 (a) Where to Aim. Always Aim at the lowest central point of the aiming mark on No. 1 target as it is the centre of target. Aim in the middle of a man a figure target or sometimes your section commander may order exactly where to aim. (b) How to aim. When you look through the aperture you may find that the edges tend to become blurred. This haziness of the aperture edges will not affect your accuracy provided you understand that correct sight alignment is the important factor. Correct sight alignment means to lining up of your eye, the centre of aperture, front sight tip and selected point of aim. This will make a sight picture which you must always see. To get the correct sight alignment and sight picture observe following rules;- (i) Close your left eye (right eye in case of left handed shot). (ii) Look through (Not at) the centre of the aperture of ‘V’ on the back sight at your target and select your point of aim. (iii) Keep the sights upright and put the tip of the front sight on the point of aim. (iv) Make sure that point of aim is still in the middle of the aperture or in line with the shoulders of the ‘V’ on the back sight. (v) Always place your head in the same position on the butt each time you aim. 1-1 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 The Laying Position 4 On the command, Down advance the left foot and hold the rifle in front of your body with your left hand from the wooden hand guard and lie down, drop your body down by touching your right hand to the ground:- Fig - 1 Laying Position (a) Keep the flash reducer clear of the ground. (b) Lie slightly oblique to your target. (c) Legs should be well apart. Your heels should be on the ground if possible. (d) Grip the hand guard with your left hand, hold the pistol grip with your right hand, finger outside the trigger guard. The rifle should be enough forward to enable you to bring it quickly into your shoulder. (e) To stand up, put your right hand on the ground draw the left hand and rifle back, stand up and order arms. 5. (a) To Hold. Look at your target, push the safety catch to E with your right hand or left hand thumb. Hold the rifle and press the butt against your shoulder, put your forefinger on the trigger, rest your cheek slightly against the butt and aim. 1-2 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 (b) Point to Note. (i) Keep both elbows on the ground with your left shoulder and elbow well forward. (ii) Grip the pistol with a vice like grip with your right hand and pull the rifle straight back against your shoulder. (iii) Grip the hand guard with your left hand from the point of balance. (iv) Your cheek should be against the butt so that you can aim without strain and without having your eye too near to the back sight. Do Not rests your cheeks on the butt. (v) If when you rise a rifle, you find that it is not pointing at the Target, retain your hold and adjust your position like this. To make the muzzle side-ways, make the angle of your body more or less oblique, to move it up or down keep both elbows still and ease your body forward or backwards. (vi) Do not rest the magazine on the ground, if you do, your shooting will be inaccurate, and invariably shots will strike about one foot below the point of aim at 92 meter. Principles of Firing 6. The basic principle of firing with the rifle in any position are the same, they are:- (a) Hold your rifle firmly, especially with the right hand, which is the controlling hand. (b) Fire without disturbing your aim. Ready 7. You normally carry three full magazine, one is always on your rifle the other two in the pouch. You have another two magazines in flight reserve. Deliberate Fire 8. Order, Load, down ready, or give a range. (a) On the command, Fire put the safety catch to E’ and aim. 1-3 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 (b) Hold your breath and when the aim is correct, press the trigger completely. During training memorize your aim, Picture as the rifle fires and declare whether it was correct, high right or left etc. (c) Lower the rifle. (d) Go on firing at the slow rate which is about 5 rounds in a minute. Count the rounds left in the magazine. (e) On the command stop lower your rifle, put the safety catch to ‘S’ and if necessary change the magazine fasten the pouch each time. (f) On the command , Go on push the safety catch to ‘E’ and go on firing, when the magazine is empty ,change it cock the rifle and continue firing, (g) If the rifle does not fire when you press the trigger, your immediate action is to grip the cocking handle, pull it slightly back and let it go quickly than re-aim and press the trigger again. Do not pull the cocking handle more than half way back, you may complicate the stoppages by feeding another. Snap Shooting 9. (a) On the command, Watch and shoot push the safety catch to ‘E’ and watch the target area. (b) When a target appears aim quickly and fire at least two quick shots. (c) When your enemy falls or goes to cover, stop firing and get ready to fire again. (d) If an enemy moves across your front, aim just in front of him, keep your aim thereby moving your rifle and continue to fire quickly until he drops. (e) Action on the command “Stop” go on the drill for counting rounds changing magazine and immediate action, are as in deliberate fire. Rapid Firing 10 When you fire a number of quick shots, it is called rapid fire. It is similar to snap shooting except that you may fire more rounds, you can fire 20 or more accurate shots with practice in a minute. (a) On the command “RAPID” put the safety catch to E and watch the target area. 1-4 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 (b) On the command “Fire” fire as quickly as you can with accuracy, switching to fresh targets as your enemy falls. (c) Go on firing until there is no more enemy at which to fire. (d) Action on the command, “Stop” Go on and drill for counting rounds changing magazines and immediate action are the same as in deliberate fire. NOTE TO ALLOW YOUR RIFLE TO COOL OFF DURING RAPID FIRING, PULL BACK THE COCKING HANDLE AND ENGAGE IT IN THE SLOT. THIS WILL REMOVE THE ROUND FROM THE HOT CHAMBER AND ALLOW AIR TO PASS THROUGH THE BORE AND THE CHAMBER. 1-5 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 CHAPTER 2 MECHANISM OF RIFLE G-3 Aim 1. To teach the men about the operation of internal parts of Rifle G-3. Introduction 2. Many parts of rifle G-3 are activated in a specified manner once each round is loaded and fired. This process is called cycle of fire. This cycle of fire is almost same in all small arms. Each rifle man must know, the working phenomena of each part during cycle of fire, so that he can rectifies the stoppages during fire. This can be done only when rifle men are fully aware of handling the weapon. Cycle of fire is divided in to eight parts:- (a) Cocking. When we pull the coking handle back or the working parts gets back with the help of gases the rear part of the bolt and carrier presses the hammer down and backward position. Due to which upper part of hammer stuck into hammer catch. Bolt and carrier, after striking the buffers moves forward. Which enable the climbing ramp to press the hammer release lever downward. Hammer catch is free now and lower part of hammer stuck in to the sear, cocking is completed. (b) Feeding. When the first round in the magazine comes in line with the bolt and carrier and barrel with the pressure of follower spring in the magazine and ready for chambering, feeding is completed. (c) Chambering. When the working parts moves forward with the pressure of operating guide spring the feed piece of bolt head directs the first round towards the chamber in the mean time extractor snaps the base of round. Chambering is completed. (d) Locking. After the completion of chambering the bolt head completes its forward movement but the carrier group continues its forward movement due to which the locking piece of fire control cone pushes the locking rollers outward the locking rollers than seated in recess of barrel extension now the locking is completed. (e) Firing. The process of burning and exploding the charge mechanically is called fire. When the trigger is pressed (and the change lever is on E position), the release lever releases the hammer, which under the force of the hammer spring strikes the firing pin. The firing pin strikes at the base of the round causing it to fire. 1-6 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 (f) Unlocking. When a round is fired it produces gases. Some gases move the bullet out of the muzzle and the remaining gases puts pressure on the empty case. Fired case stuck into the bolt which is pushed into the backward position, as the bolt moves back, locking rollers collides with the unlocking projection and is pressed inside. As the locking rollers are pressed inside, bolt head and carrier separates themselves 4mm. Here the bolt is in unlocking position and the functionary parts are ready to move back. (g) Extracting. When the bolt moves backward, extractor hold the empty case and moves back till the time it comes out of the chamber. (h) Ejecting. After extracting when the empty case comes in line of ejector then ejector strikes at he base of empty case due to which empty case moves to the right and out, the ejection is completed. 1-7 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 CHAPTER 3 STOPPAGES AND IMMEDIATE ACTIONS Aim 1. To understand the stoppages their causes and remedies. Introduction 2. If you understand how your rifle woks, you will find it easier to understand why stoppages occur and how to clear them. Stoppages 3. A stoppage is any unintentional interruption in the operation of the weapon. In other words, it is a failure in the rifle to fire through no fault of the firer. 4. Most of the stoppages occur because of dirty, worn, or broken parts and lack of lubrication. The rifle-man must be taught to watch for these defects and correct them before they occur. Some of the more common stoppages with their usual causes and remedies are shown in table 1. TABLE 5-1 STOPPAGES. THEIR CAUSES AND REMEDIES S No Stoppages Causes Remedial Action (i) Defective follower or (i) Replace magazine. magazine spring bent Failure to feed 1 magazine lips. and chamber (ii) Dirty magazine. (ii) Clean magazine. (i) Dirty sliding surfaces bolt (i) Clean and lubricate. carrier or chamber. 2 Failure to lock. (ii) Have spring replaced (ii) Weak or broken by the armourer operating slide spring. (i) Broken extractor or (i) Replace extractor or extractor spring. extractor spring. Failure to (ii) Defective ejector dirty (ii) Replace ejector. 3 extract Chamber. or eject. (iii) Defective ammunition. (iii) Replace ammunition. 1-8 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 S No Stoppages Causes Remedial Action (i) Broken firing pin. (i) Replace firing pin. (ii) Firing pin too short. (ii) Replace firing pin. (iii) Broken or weak firing pin (iii) Replace firing pin. spring. 4 Failure to fire. (iv) Defective ammunition. (iv) Replace ammunition. (v) Repair triggers (v) Defective trigger mechanism. mechanism. Stoppages Drill 5. If having carried out immediate action, the rifle will not fire. (a) Put change lever on ‘S’. (b) Take off the magazine. (c) Cock the rifle. (d) Put he same magazine back if there are rounds in it, if not change it, cock the rifle put change lever to ‘E’ and go on firing. Immediate Actions 6. (a) Loose magazine (b) Empty magazine Further Action 7. If your rifle still fails to fire after carrying out the stoppages drill the cause must be a breakage or very bad fouling, examine your rifle as follows. (a) Put the safety catch to ‘S’, unload, tilt the rifle to the right and look inside the receiver. (b) If you can see an empty case or a jammed round, take it out, load, aim and fire again. 1-9 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 (c) If you cannot see any obstruction pull back the cocking handle and engage it in the slot, screw up the base of the clearing plug tight, put it in the chamber, disengage the cocking handle, let it go forward and cock it again. Turn the rifle to the right. The separated case will be ejected on the clearing plug. (d) To get the separated case off the clearing plug, unscrew the base, and push the stem through the case put the plug back in the section wallet when you have chance. Order Action Rifle firing all right rifle “Stop” Carry out immediate action Rifle won’t fire. Look into the body. Obstructions in receiver (or chamber) carry out the appropriate drill. 1-10 RESTRICTED  SECTION 1 CHAPTER 4 ZEROING Aim 1. To teach the men how to zero the rifle. Introduction 2. Zeroing is the testing and alteration, if necessary, of the sights of a rifle to ensure that when the rifle is fired accurately under normal conditions, the shorts will strike the correct place on the target. 3. Zeroing should be carried out on the following occasions:- (a) When ever a rifle is issued to a man initially, but in case of recruit this shall be done after the initial build up. (b) Before annual classification firing. (c) When the accuracy of rifle is suspected. (d) Before going on active service. (e) On any occasion that may be necessary e.g. before competition firing. Procedure 4. (a) Choose a day when there is good light and little wind. (b) The bayonet is not to be fixed. (c) Zero from lying position with forearm rested on the sand bag. (d) Sight set at 200 meters (e) Range distance 100 meters. (f) Fire five rounds group. The proper range is 100 meters. 25 meters is a poor substitute. From 100 meters No 1 (4x4 ft) target with a 4” x 3” white patch as aiming mark. At 25 meters 1x1 ft representative target will be used. 1-11 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 How to Find Out M P I 5. (a) First of all join the any (02) two nearest shots of the group by drawing a line on the target and divided it in a equal 2 parts, by giving ONE CUT IN THE CENTRE OF SHORT A AND B i.e. (b) Now join the third nearest shot C making sure that you will draw the line from out No 1 to the third shot C and again dividing it by (03) equal parts, definitely you have to give (02) cuts and cuts No’s will be 2 and 3. (c) Join the fourth nearest shot D with the cut No 2 by drawing a line from cut No 2 to shot D then dividing by 04 equal parts and cuts No s will be 4-5 and 6. (d) In the last, join the 5th shot E by drawing a line from cut No 4 to 5th shot E the cut No s will be 7, 8, 9 and 10. (e) Now the 7th cut will be taken as the MPI. How to Make the Adjustment 6. (a) Insert the pliers in two of the 4 recesses in side the drum where bolt spring and bolt catch are seated. Grip the pliers and press downwards. (b) Turn sight cylinder by hand in to the required direction. 1-12 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 (c) If you turn is clock-wise the sight cylinder goes down and by turning anti-clockwise the sight cylinder rises. (d) One turn of the rotary back sight to the right or left until the next catch will raise or lower the mean point of impact about 2.5 cm at 100 meters. (e) To move the mean point of impact to the right, move the back sight to the right. To do this turn the adjusting screw to the left by the left amount required. (f) To move the mean point of impact to the left, move the back sight to the left to do this turn the adjusting screw to the sight as much as required. (g) One turn of the adjusting screw either way displace the sight latterly by 0.2 mm and move the mean point of impact to the right or left by 9 cm at 100 meter. (h) The total amount of the adjusting is about 76.2 cm (30 inches) vertically and about 50.8 cm (20 inches) latterly at 100 meters. 1-13 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 CHAPTER 5 FIRING FROM VARIOUS POSITIONS AND AT MOVING TARGETS Aim 1. To teach how to fire from various positions in the open and how to fire quickly at moving target. Introduction 2. Under service conditions or on the field firing range you will seldom be able to engage your targets from the laying position, because of the availability of varying types of cover i.e. crops, undergrowth etc. you must therefore learn to adopt either the kneeling, sitting or standing position, according to the nature of the ground and the target. With practice you will be able to make an immediate decision as which is the most suitable position in each case. Having made your decision you must adopt the position quickly. Whatever the position you adopt your actions on the command Ready, Make Safe, Fire, Stop, Go on unload or on a range being given are the same as for the lying position. The Laying Position: - See the chapter no 3 in paragraph 4. Kneeling Position Fig - 1 Kneeling Position 1-14 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 3. (a) Kneel on your right knee, keeping it well out to the right and possible, sit on your right heel , rest your left forearm behind your left knee and the butt on your right thigh. (b) Order, Ready or give a range. (c) To fire slide your left elbow forward to rest in front of your left knee cap or behind it bring the butt up to your shoulder aim and fire. Sitting Position 4. The sitting position is useful for firing downhill or at moving targets at short ranges. (a) Sit down with your legs crossed or apart and put your feet where they are comfortable hold the rifle as you did in the kneeling position. (b) Order, Ready or give a range. (c) To fire, rest your elbows behind, in front of just inside your knees bring butt up to your shoulder, aim and fire. Fig - 2 Sitting Position Fig - 3 Sitting Position Standing Position 5. The standing position is used mainly to fire quick shots when moving forward in the attack or on patrol or firing over a high cover. 1-15 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 6. (a) Face the target, turn half right, balance your rifle up, and the butt just in front of your thigh i.e. loading position. (b) Order Ready or give a range. (c) When firing lean forward a little bring the butt up to your shoulder sliding your left hand as far as forward as you can along the hand guard. Pull the rifle hard back into your shoulder. (d) Aim and fire as quickly as you can. Firing at Moving Target 7. You will come across two types of moving targets. (a) Fast moving targets i.e. vehicles. (b) Slow moving targets i.e. troops. 8. While engaging moving target keeps the following points in view. (a) Lead 1-16 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 1 (i) In order to engage a moving target it is necessary to aim a head of the target, along its line of travel, so that the bullet arrives at particular point simultaneously the target, thereby obtaining a hit the distance that the rifle must be laid ahead of the target is called lead. (ii) A target length has been taken as the unit of measure for the lead. One lead equal to one target length, two leads equal to two targets length and so on. (b) Factor effecting lead. The lead necessary to hit a moving target depends upon the speed, range and direction of moving of the target. (i) Speed. A vehicle moving at the speed of 25 km per hour travel about 7 meters per second, A bullet, fired at range of 300 meters travel the distance in about 0.4 of a second, at the range of 500 meters distance in about 0.7 of a second and at the range of 700 meters in about 1.2 seconds, therefore the lead in meters required to hit a target 300 meters away and traveling at 25 km per hours (7 meters per second) is 4 times 7 or 8 meters. Similar calculation can be worked out for other ranges. Application for leads (target-length) makes it unnecessary for the rifle man to complete the lead in meters. (ii) Range from the above example, it can be determined that the longer the range, the greater the lead. (iii) Direction The direction of the movements of the target has direct barring on the lead, a vehicle going at 15 miles per hour of 90 degree will definitely travel about 7 meters in 1 second (approx) but the actual distance covered in the case of vehicle at 45 degree will be about 3 ½ meters approx. The implies at for 45 degree half the amount of lead is required as compared to vehicle crossing the line of fire at 90 degree. Vehicles moving towards are away from the rifle will not be engaged by application of lead. 1-17 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 2 CHAPTER 1 SIGHT SETTING AIMING HOLDING AND FIRING OF MG1A3 Aim 1. To teach the airmen how to set the range on the rear sight , rule of aiming , the position of right and left hand while holding the gun and to fire effectively with the gun. Fundamentals 2. (a) Good aiming (b) Good holding (c) Good trigger control NOTE ONE MUST GIVE THE FULL ATTENTION TO THESE THREE PRINCIPLES TO ACHIEVE THE BETTER RESULTS. Sight Setting 3. It is the duty of Number 1 to judge the distance between target and his position and the same range should be on the rear sight to give the proper elevation to the gun. Number 1 raises the front sight, presses the plunger and sets the range on the back sight, back sight has got range written up to 1200 meters, odd figures on the left and even on the right side of the sight each figure has a line for it, press the plunger and bring it in line with the required range. Aiming 4. After setting the range one must know how to aim at the target the following procedure will give the correct sequence of aiming:- (a) Close the left eye (right eye in case of left handed). (b) Look through the centre of line with the shoulder of V on the target and select the point of aim. (c) Keep the sights up right (do not tilt the gun to the right or left). (d) Bring the fore-sight tip on the point of aim. 2-1 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 2 (e) Ensure the point of aim front-sight is in the centre and in line with the shoulder of V. Holding 5. Holding of the weapon plays an important role in firing, if your holding is firm; you will over come the jerk being produced by the firing. Therefore use both the hands and cheek must act correctly. (a) Right Hand holding the pistol grip and correct pressing of trigger with right hand forefinger will enable you to put the correct fire on the target. (b) Left hand. Make U of your left hand and hold small of the butt by keeping the thumb to the reward and pushing the gun in to the shoulder. (c) Shoulder. Put the back of the butt against your shoulder and push the gun to the front ensure its locking. (d) Cheek. Rest your cheek against the side of the butt and put the weight of the head on it they should be the part of your body. Firing 6. There is no provision of firing single shot with MG1A3 , therefore one must know how to fire a small burst when ever require to save the ammunition unnecessary being wasted, therefore 3 types of burst:- (a) Small burst of 5 to 10 rounds (b) Medium burst of 10 to 15 rounds (c) Long burst of 20 to 30 rounds 7. Number 1 when get the range, cocks the gun and fires the types of burst as required by means of right hand forefinger. 2-2 RESTRICTED  CHAPTER 2 SECTION 2 STOPPAGES AND IMMEDIATE ACTIONS Aim 1. To practice the men how to clear the stoppages. Immediate Actions 2. Immediate action are those action which involves less time to make the gun ready for firing and it occurs due to the belt. Following are the two causes of immediate actions:- (a) Loose Belt. (b) Empty Belt Drill for Immediate Actions 3. Loose Belt:- (a) If the gun suddenly stops while firing, see the belt if not empty than proceed as follows:- (i) Pull the belt with your right hand towards right; see that the first round fits in the bullet way of feed tray. (ii) Cock the gun and re-assume the firing. 4. Empty Belt:- (a) If the gun stops firing, see the belt for ammunition. (i) Open the receiver cover with your right hand and remove the empty belt take the filled belt and put it on the feed tray. (ii) Close the receive cover with left hand cock the gun and re-assume firing. Stoppages 5. It is defined as the action involves more time to make the gun ready for firing. There are 3 stoppages:- (a) Cut case in the chamber. 2-3 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 2 (b) Obstruction in the body. (c) Mechanical break down. Drill for Stoppages 6. Cut case in the chamber:- (a) While firing suddenly the gun stops firing, first of all carry out the drill for immediate action. If you find that the round is not fitting in to the chamber proceed as follows:- (i) Open the receiver cover, remove the belt and raise the feed tray. (ii) Cock the gun, take clearing plug and insert into the chamber. (iii) Press the trigger, cock the gun, remove the clearing plug ensure the cut empty case has come out. (iv) Lower the feed tray, put the belt on, close the cover and carry on firing. 7. Obstruction in the body:- (a) while firing if the gun suddenly stops, carry out the drill for immediate action, if you find that the working parts are held half way proceed as follows:- (i) Open the receiver cover, remove the belt and cock the gun. (ii) Clear the obstruction or take out the rounds and empty case from the body. (iii) Put the belt, close the cover and re-assume the firing. Mechanical break down:- 8. For mechanical break down consult with the armourer. Mechanical Break Down and their Remedies 9. It occurs due to the breakage/damage to any part of the weapon. The following action can be taken:- 2-4 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 2 Part Damage/Broken Cause Remedy Action Firing pin No strike on the.22 cap Replace firing pin Feed piece Failure to feed Replace bolt head Extractor Failure to extract Replace extractor Pivot pin Failure to feed Replace bolt Locking rollers Failure to lock Replace bolt head Barrel guide sleeve Failure to cock Clean or replace barrel guide sleeve. NOTE DURING TRAINING ALL TYPES OF COMMANDS ARE GIVEN BY THE INSTRUCTOR TO THE TRAINEES TO GIVE HIM PROPER TRAINING AND MAKE HIM USE TO THE PROCEDURE. BUT DURING WAR / EMERGENCY ONE HAS TO DO ALL THESE ACTIONS AT HIS OWN AS PER THE SITUATION AND DEAL ACCORDING TO THE TEACHING TO ACHIEVE THE BETTER RESULTS. THEREFORE ENCOURAGE THE TRAINEES TO USE THEIR INITIATIVE WHENEVER THEY GET THE OPPORTUNITY AND GIVE CORRECT GUIDANCE TO THEM TO MAKE THEM GOOD LEADERS. 2-5 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 2 CHAPTER 3 EXAMINATION OF THE GUN Aim 1 To teach the procedure of examination of the gun. Introduction 2. Examination of the gun includes all measures that Keeps it in top operating condition. It includes normal cleaning, inspection for defective parts and repairs. To ensure proper conditions and cleanliness, weapons should be inspected daily. Sequence of Examination of the Gun 3. Explain and demonstrate. Let the class copy for your action. The gun should be inspected in the sequence below:- (a) Receiver (i) No carbon deposit in barrel guide, nozzle and booster. (ii) Booster locks working properly. (iii) Front side not damaged. (iv) Back sight not damaged and the slide functioning properly. (v) Housing not damaged or dented. (vi) Barrel plunger functioning properly. (vii) Barrel catch working. (b) Barrel (i) Chamber and barrel clean. No cut, bulge or rust in the barrel. (ii) Barrel must be inspected by the armourer after it has fired 5000 rounds. (iii) Barrel, muzzle and locking piece not damaged. (c) Belt (i) All parts clean. 2-6 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 2 (d) Feed mechanism (i) Working parts functioning properly (ii) Pressure plate not damaged. (e) Pistol grip Trigger mechanism in order. (f) Cocking slide. Slide hook and catch not damaged. (g) Bipod/Mount check for any damage. (h) Butt. Check for any damage. 4. Replace or get repaired the parts mentioned in paragraph 3 above if Found damaged or defective. 2-7 RESTRICTED  CHAPTER 4 SECTION 2 MECHANISM OF MG 1A 3 Aim 1. To teach the men about the operation of internal parts of the gun while the gun fires. Introduction 2. It is very essential to know how the working parts of the gun are completing their function, in case the gun stops functioning one must be capable to correct and make it serviceable with in the shortest possible time to meet the circumstances. You can only do that if you know the cycle of operation while the gun is firing, therefore the cycle of operation is divided into eight main parts:- (a) Cocking (b) Feeding (c) Chambering (d) Locking (e) Firing (f) Unlocking (g) Extracting (h) Ejecting 3 Cocking. When the cocking handle is pulled rearward or the barrel recoils with the pressure of gases, as the bolt and the barrel moves back against the pressure of recoil spring and plunger respectively. The barrel is plunged forward after the recoil of 21 mm, but the bolt continues its backward movement. The rear lug of the bolt pushes the tripping lever to the rear and downward. Thus release the sear. When the bolt completes its backward movement, sear engages the centre lug of bolt. Bolt is cocked under the pressure of recoil spring. Ejection slot open by the cocking handle slides, which pushes it downward. 4. Feeding. When the bolt moves forward, its feed piece pushes the first round from the belt into the chamber. During the second half of forward motion of bolt, the long lever is pressed to the left by the pivot pin of the bolt housing. The feed pawls move inward, which brings the second round half way to the bolt way of the feed tray; there it is picked up by the feed fingers. During the first half of backward 2-8 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 2 motions of the bullet , the long lever is pressed to the right and as much the feed pawls moves outward to grasp the third round, feed fingers moves inward and fits the 2nd round in to the bullet way. This is how the feeding cycle continues. 5. Chambering. When feed piece moves forward, it pushes the round forward through the bullet way and bullet guide directs it into the chamber. 6. Locking. When bolt head stops its forward movement the bolt housing presses the firing pin holder forward to locking rollers with the help of rollers grooves of the cartridge. 7. Firing. When the trigger is pressed the sear is pulled downward and the bolt is free to move forward under the pressure of recoil spring. During this forward movement the bolt lugs push the tripping lever forward and the sear is pressed downwards. When locking is completed the firing pin in the firing pin holder is pressed forward by the bolt housing. The firing pin strikes the cartridge base causes firing. Also, the inertia strikers strikes at the base of the firing pin holder to prevent it from slipping rear wards. This is a safety device against any premature unlocking during firing. 8. Unlocking. When the round is fired, gases strike against the recoil nozzle and part of the gases are reflected back which strikes at the barrel guide sleeve. The barrel and bolt moves 21mm to the rear. During this motion, the locking rollers are pressed inward by the rollers projections, (inside the housing) and the bolt group is unlocked from the locking piece. The barrel pushed forward to its position by the plunger and bolt continue its backwards movement. 9. Extracting. When the bolt starts its backward movement the extractor pulls the fired case out of the chamber. 10 Ejecting. When the bolt completes its rear most movement, the bolt housing bush strikes against the buffer rod. The bush pushes the ejector rod forward and the ejector ejects the fired cases downwards from the ejection slot. (At the bottom of the receiver group) 2-9 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 3 CHAPTER 1 LOADING, UNLOADING, AIMING, HOLDING AND FIRING OF SMG Aim 1. To brief the men about loading, unloading, aiming, holding and firing with SMG. Loading 2. To load the gun: - (a) Put the change liver at upper notch. (b) Remove the empty magazine, put in your pouch and fix the filled magazine in the magazine way and make sure that it is fitted properly. (c) Bring the change lever at fire position (Center or bottom notch). Cock the gun and let the movable parts to forward along with a round in the chamber, put change lever at Safe position on the upper notch. (d) Close the pouch button and place right hand on the pistol grip. Unloading 3 (a) Remove the magazine and hold it in your left hand. (b) Bring change lever at “Fire” Position. (c) Take out the round from the chamber by cocking the SMG. (d) Press the trigger, put change lever at “Safe” and load the empty magazine from the pouch. (e) Return the filled magazine into the pouch and close the pouch button. Aiming 4. Aiming with the SMG is just the same as in the case of 7.62 MM Rifle. Holding 5 Hold the SMG with your left hand to forearm stock and right hand at pistol grip. 3-1 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 3 Firing 6. (a) The type of fire can be varied by moving the change lever on semi- automatic or fully automatic position. By putting the change lever on the Center Notch the gun will fire bursts, If the change lever is at lower notch it will fire single shot. If the change lever is on upper notch it will be safe and moveable parts will not come back. (b) Normally burst should be fired with the SMG from the shoulder. (c) If time does not permit shoot by sense of direction. (d) To bear effective fire on the enemy, fire bursts of only 2 to 3 rounds. At occasions the enemy may have to be sprayed a long bursts of 6 to 10 rounds provided the target demands it. (e) With the practice single may be fired with change lever at Center notch. Make Safe. 7 If you have to move with a magazine on the gun, you must first make it safe, after having unloaded the SMG. But make sure the change lever is still at safe as a filled magazine is loaded. Carrying Position 8 (a) At the trail, like rifle. (b) Sling over the shoulder. (c) Sling around the neck. Ready Position 9. The Ready position can be adopted from any of the above mentions as follows: - (a) Bring the gun close to the right side with the butt under the right arm and the barrel pointing to the front. (b) Grasp the forearm with your left hand, the pistol grip with your right hand, and keeping the forefinger on the trigger. (c) Before coming back to carrying position make the gun Safe. 3-2 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 3 CHAPTER 2 MECHANISM OF SMG 1. Each time a round is fired; many parts inside the weapon work in a set order, this is known as cycle of operation which is explained step by step in the following paragraphs:- (a) Cocking. When we pull the cocking handle backward (or the working parts come back with the force or pressure of the gases on the piston head), the tail of the carrier and lower surface of the bolt push back the hammer which gets locked in the sear lugs and the trigger hooks. Also the connector on the right side of the bolt carrier pushed back the hammer stop lever and the hammer is cocked. (b) Feeding. When the bolt moves backwards the top round in the magazine comes in line with the feed piece and the chamber and is ready to be pushed by the bolt. (c) Chambering. When the bolt moves forward, the top most round in the magazine is pushed into the chamber, in the mean time the extractor snaps on the groove of the round. (d) Locking. When the bolt stops its forward movement, the bolt carrier keeps on moving forward and the upper locking lug of the bolt moves into the rear locking groove in the bolt carrier. The bolt rotates clockwise and its left locking lug gets seated into the locking recess in the receiver. Thus the bolt is properly locked and cannot be pushed back by the pressure of gases exerted on the bolt face. (e) Firing. When the trigger is pressed (and the change lever is on semi automatic position), the sear lugs release the hammer, which under the force of hammer spring strikes the firing pin. The firing pin strikes at the base of the round causing it to fire. (f) Unlocking. After the round has been fired and the bullet is driven post the gas vent in the barrel, some of the gases pass through the vent into the gas block and strike on the piston head. The bolt carrier moves back, upper locking lug slips into forward locking groove in the bolt carrier and the bolt moves anti-clock wise. The left locking lug of the bolt move out of the locking recess and the unlocking is completed. Now bolt and bolt carrier are free to move rearward. (g) Extracting. After unlocking when the bolt is still moving backwards, the extractor which is holding the groove of the round pulls the cartridge case out of the chamber. 3-3 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 3 (h) Ejecting. As soon as the cartridge case is the out of the chamber, the ejector strikes the bottom of the case, the extractor release the groove and the cartridge case is pushed outside from the ejection slot towards the right. NOTE WHEN THE CHANGE LEVER IS AT FULLY AUTOMATIC POSITION, THE HAMMER IS ENGAGED BY THE TRIGGER HOOKS PROVIDED. THE TRIGGER IS PRESSED; ON THE OTHER HAND HAMMER IS ENGAGED BY THE SEAR LUGS. WHEN THE CHANGE LEVER IS AT SEMI-AUTOMATIC THE TRIGGER IS RELEASED HOWEVER, IF THE TRIGGER IS PRESSED, THE TRIGGER HOOKS ENGAGE THE HAMMER. NOW IF THE TRIGGER IS RELEASED, THE SEAR WILL ENGAGE THE HAMMER. 3-4 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 3 CHAPTER 3 STOPPAGES AND IMMEDIATE ACTIONS Aim 1. To brief the men about Stoppages and immediate action of SMG. Immediate Action 2. Immediate action those actions which take the less time to make the gun ready for firing (a) If it does not fire the first shot, tap the magazine, cock the gun and fire. (b) If the gun stops while you are firing, cock it and look into the body and chamber. If the magazine is empty and there is no round or empty case in the body or chamber, change the magazine and continue firing. Stoppages 3. Those action which take the more time to make the gun ready for firing. Stoppages Causes Remedies (a) Failure Cock (i) Gas hole dirty Clean the gas hole & working parts. (ii) Hammer or damaged get damaged parts replaced Sear lug by armourer Feed (i) Damaged magazine Replace magazine (ii) Improperly fitted Tap magazine (iii) Damage feed piece Replace working parts Get parts inspected by (iv) Weak counter recoil armourer (v) Dirty chamber Clean the chamber (vi) Defective round Load fresh round (vii) Weak recoil spring Get parts inspected by armourer 3-5 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 3 Lock. (i) Dirty Chamber Clean the chamber (ii) Defective locking lugs Get inspected by armourer for replacement of defective parts (iii) Week recoil spring Arrange Replacement Fire. (i) Defective round Load fresh round (ii) Broken and worn out Get inspected by armourer firing pin (iii) Weak hammer spring Get inspected by armourer Unlock (i) Dirty Gas hole Clean the gas hole. (ii) Dirty working parts Clean the working parts Extract (i) Damaged cartridge Load fresh round base (ii) Damaged or weak Get inspected by Armourer Extractor Eject (i) Broken or damaged Get inspected by armourer Ejector 3-6 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 3 CHAPTER 4 ZEROING Definition 1 Zeroing is the testing and if necessary, adjusting of the sights so that when a bullet is fired, it strikes at the proper place on the target. Group 2 Group is a pattern formed by a number of consecutive shots fired at a target with the same hold and aim. Check Group 3 Check group is a group fired after adjusting the sight to confirm the accuracy of the adjustment applied. Mean Point Of Impact (M P I) 4. MPI is the center of the smallest circle containing all the shots of a group. It is the center point of a group. Principles 5. (a) Move into the error. (b) Fire a Check group. Procedure 6 Zeroing of the gun should be carried out preferably from a range of 100 meters. If a long range is not available, zeroing may be resorted to at a short range 25 meters range procedure is as follows :- (a) Clean the gun and get it inspected by the armourer. (b) Fire two warmers in the stop butt. (c) Fire a group of three shots by firing from 100 meters the lying position with the forearm rested. Use target No. 1 with a white aiming mark 4” x 3”. (d) Determine the position of the MPI in relation to the point of aim. If there is vertical or lateral error adjust the front sight by going into the error as given in sub-Para 7 below: - 3-7 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 3 (e) For elevation one turn of the front sight post will make a difference of 21 cm up or down at 100 meters for, lateral error one turn of the tool cramp right or left will make a difference of 26 cm at 100 meters. (f) Fire a check group of 4 rounds. (g) An error of 5 cm is permissible at 100 meters. 3-8 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 CHAPTER 1 CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF 60 MM MORTOR Aim 1. To explain the maintenance of mortar before, during and after firing. Care 2. (a) Save it from all types of damages. (b) Save it from dust, rust and salty water. 6 (c) If the mortar gets wet, dry it immediately. (d) Do not use dirty oil. (e) Keep it away from fire and do not keep it in the sun after cleaning. (f) When not in use, gun oil should be applied to all outer metallic parts to save it from getting rusty. Maintenance 3. It is carried out in three stages. 3 (a) Maintenance before firing. (b) Maintenance during firing. (c) Maintenance after firing. Before Firing 5 4. (a) The Barrel. By using the cleaning rod with any suitable material, the bore will be thoroughly dry inspected. The barrel will be checked for the following. 4 (i) Dents. By looking through the barrel, if a shadow ring is found any where on the surface, it is a dent exceeds 0.4mm the barrel should not be use. (ii) Expansion. For checking expansion put a ruler along the surface of the barrel. If at any place a space between the barrel and the ruler found it means the barrel has expanded. Such a barrel should not be use. 4-1 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 (iii) Crack. It is difficult to detect a crack. If a crack is suspected any where on the surface, rub off the paint and exams it carefully. In case of crack, the barrel should not be use. (iv) Muzzle:- cover is secured correctly. (b) Breech piece will be dried and examined to ensure that firing pin is correctly positioned. (c) Screw the breech piece into the barrel. When the barrel is locked in to the base plate socket, the round portion of spherical projection should be under the barrel catch and socket collar. (d) The Base Plate. The spherical projection, socket and under side of the base plate will be cleaned. The base plate should be exam deformation the barrel should be lock in the spherical projection socket to ensure that the barrel catch is functioning correctly. (e) The Bipod. All working parts will be cleaned and inspected to ensure their correct functioning and then lubricated. Special check must be made for the following. 2 (i) Traversing Mechanism. Check it for any play which may exist because of the wearing out of the traversing rod tube. If the play exists the mortar should be sent to the armourer for adjustment. (ii) Elevating Mechanism. Check for any play by lifting the barrel from the top. If there is any play, loosen the locking nut, adjust the adjusting nut and then tightened the locking nut. If the force required to turn is exceptionally more, then following can be reasonable. (A) Too much grease/dirt on the elevating tube and rod which should be clean. (B) Bent elevating rod. In such a case send the mortar to workshop. During Firing 5. Number 1. Responsible and will check the following frequently. (a) The breech piece has not gone loose. 3 (b) After firing, the barrel depressed and the bore clean. (c) The area of mortar is kept neat and clean. 4-2 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 After Firing 4 6. (a) The Barrel. If time permits barrel should be cleaned and oiled before the mortar dismounted. At first opportunity it will be clean as follows:- Prepare a solution of hot water and washing soap, wash out the barrel. Wrap a piece of garnish round the head of the cleaning rod to clean the bore. When cleaned, the barrel and its attachments will be inspected for any defect and looses it will be grease and stored with muzzle cover on. (b) The Base Plate. Thoroughly cleaned by washing in water, if necessary dried, inspected for defects, oiled and finally stored. (c) The Bipod and Sight. Will be cleaned, inspected for defects slightly greased and finally store. (d) The Spare Parts Bag. Their content inspected and looses the reported. 4-3 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF COLLIMATOR SIGHT Aim 1. To teach the names of various parts of 60 mm Mortar sight and its use. Introduction 2. As long as you do not understand the use of mortar sight, you will never be able to get your bombs on the target or near it. Therefore, it is imperative that you learn its use and master it, so that you get your bombs on the target without difficulty. Name of The Parts 3. The mortar sight is divided into two main parts. (a) Collimator sight 2 (b) Body 4. Name of the parts of collimator sight (1) Rubber eye shield 10 (2) Eye lens (3) Eye lens tube (4) Cross hair (5) Object glass (6) Sight lock (7) Axle (8) Index line (9) Sight base (10) Sight lock stop 5. Name of the parts of the Body (11) Cross level bubble 9 4-4 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 (12) Elevation bubble (13) Sight mount (14) Major scale (15) Elevation micrometer scale (16) Deflection scale (17) Deflection knob (18) Elevation micrometer knob (19) Adjusting screw 4-5 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 How to Set the Deflection 6. (a) Deflection scale is graduated up to 200 mils right and 200 mils left. The graduations marked in white represent deflection towards the right and those marked in red represents deflection towards the left. (b) Each graduation represents 2 mils. (c) For applying deflection to the left, rotate the deflection knob in anti-clockwise direction till the required graduation marked in red coincides with the index line. (d) For applying deflection to the right, rotate deflection knob in clockwise direction till the require graduation marked in white coincides with the index line. How to Set the Elevation 7. (a) Major scale has 11 graduations and each graduation is further divided into 100 parts which are represented on the micrometer scale. Each graduation on the micrometer scale represents 5 parts. (b) Hold the elevation knob in the right and rotate it till the index line on the major scale coincides with the graduation which the required to be applied according to the range table. Ensure that the zero of the micrometer scale also coincides with the index line. For using micrometer scale, rotate the elevation knob in the clockwise direction and ensure that the required graduation coincides with the index line. Thus the required elevation is gives to the mortar. (c) To increase the elevation, rotate the elevation knob in the clockwise direction and to reduce it rotate it in the anti-clockwise direction. 4-6 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 CHAPTER 3 USE OF COLLIMATOR SIGHT AND LAYING THE MORTAR AT NIGHT Aim 1. To describe the procedures for laying the mortar by aiming point method and use of aiming post. Introduction 2. To ensure loading of bomb on the target and accurate shooting the mortar should be laid properly. Use of Collimator Sight 3. While laying the mortar for direction, keep the following points in mind:- (a) Do not keep the eye at the distance from the rubber eye shield. (b) Lower or elevate the collimator sight as require. (c) While aiming, the vertical line of the cross hair should be at 1 edge of the aiming post, for subsequent aiming always uses the same edge. (d) When aiming point is well away from the original line of the mortar, carry out rough adjustment with your eyes. Laying the Mortar 4. (a) After the mortar has brought into action, the commander gives the order as explained in the following example, Mortar target, HE charge 2, deflection zero, elevation 6, Fire (b) Number 1 repeats the same orders. After applying the angle of deflection and elevation on the sight and shouts “SET” (c) Number 2 shouts charge 2 and check the charge on the bomb or prepare the bomb for charge. 5. The angle of deflection and the elevation has been measured on the sight, Number 1 moves the elevating handle and traversing handle in the desire direction; to say; Lay the Mortar. 4-7 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 Laying the Mortar for Elevation 6. After the elevation has been set, No1 bring the elevation in the centre by using the elevating handle the following points should be noted. 3 (a) While using the major scale the elevation micrometer scale should be at zero. (b) The eyes should be inline with the index line while setting elevation on the major scale. (c) The barrel will be low down after increasing the range. Laying the Mortar for Deflection 7. The given deflection is set on the sight, and after the mortar is laid for elevation No 1 looks through the collimator sight to see if it is on the aiming point. If there is little variation it is adjusted by operating the traversing handle. No 2 keeps the cross level bubble in the centre and calls out “CENTER”. While No 1 is operating the traversing handle. Finally No 1 checks that both the bubbles are in centre. 8. If the order Fire has been given by the commander, No 1 will say “On Ready”, If the order “Fire” will not given by the commander, No1 will only say “ON”. Laying the Mortar for Large Deflection Shifts Checks for No 1 9. If the mortar can not be laid on the aiming point by the traversing handle No1 anticipates that he will, (a) With the deflection and elevation set on the sight bring the barrel in the centre of the traversing screw by moving the traversing handle. (b) Call out Bipod, No 2 will move the bipod according to the signal of No1 till the sight is aligned with the aiming point. No1 and 2 stamps the bipod. (c) No1 check that the white line on the barrel and center of yoke are coinciding and elevation bubble in the center. (d) No 2 loosens the leveling mechanism and brings cross level bubble in the center. (e) No 1 and 2 make final adjustment for deflection. 4-8 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 Relaying the Mortar after Firing 10. After bomb leaves the barrel, No1 checks the lay of the mortar in the following sequence. 4 (a) The elevation bubble is in the center. (b) Cross level bubble is in the center. (c) The vertical line of the cross hair is at the correct edge of the aiming point. (d) If any relays necessary he will immediate do it. 11. During rapid fire, it may not be possible to relay the mortar after every bomb fire from the mortar. NOTE IF THE TARGET IS NOT VISIBLE, THEN LAY THE MORTAR ON THE AIMING POST WHICH IS IN LINE WITH THE TARGET. ONE MILS EQUAL TO 20 DEGREES. Laying the Mortar at Night 12. It is difficult to get accurate fire on the target at night, so we must know the procedure of laying mortar at night. Mortar will be always lay on DF SOS task at night, so that without losing time we can engage the target if at times, we have to fire on DF,s, we should be quick enough to engage the targets. Aiming Lamp 13. It is like an ordinary cycle lamp which is fitted into the aiming post. It consists of:- (a) Carrying Handle. It also serves as a lock of the cell container. (b) Contain. It contains two cells of 1.5 volt each. (c) Winged Switched. To switch ON / OFF the light (d) Spring Seat. Where the aiming post hook is fixed. (e) Bulb Assembly. It has a cover with a vertical slit to restrict the discharge of light it facilitates laying the mortar at night. (f) Small Size Torch. It is used to light up the sight graduations, so that sight can be set. 4-9 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 Laying Drill 14. (a) Lay the mortar on the DF (SOS) with the help of aiming lamp. (b) A record the deflection to other targets which are 200 mils left and right of the target, on which the mortar is laid. (c) If some other targets are more than 200 mils to the right and left of the target, on which mortar is already laid, he should pre-select and other position for laying the mortar at night in case if he require to engage those targets he should also record deflection to the targets which are within 200 mils. (d) During firing aiming lamp should be kept lighted otherwise it should be switched off. (e) If the aiming lamp does not function, a dry cell battery may be fixed at the post arm on the aiming line. (f) In the morning mortars are again laid with the normal aiming point method. 4-10 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 CHAPTER 4 TESTING AND ADJUSTING OF SIGHTS Aim 1. To teach the method of testing and adjusting the sight. Introduction 2. Sight it tested to correctly relate the point of aim and impact, so that the bombs fall at the range and deflection set on sight. Sight must be tested on the following occasions: - 5 (a) Before firing. (b) During firing if needed. (c) After a long move. (d) Whenever possible during a long move. (e) When issued from the ordnance. Procedure 3. The testing and adjusting of the line of the sight and barrel is carried out in two parts. (a) Testing and adjusting for elevation. (b) Testing and adjusting for deflection. Testing and Adjusting for Elevation 4. (a) Set the clinometers for maximum range i-e 45 degree. (b) Put the clinometers on the white line and bring its bubble in the center by using the elevating handle. (c) With the help of elevation knob now bring the elevation bubble in the center. (d) Sight is correct, if the elevation micrometer scale is at zero and the index line is at 10 on the elevation major scale. (e) In case of any difference take three similar readings as explained in (b), (c) and (d) above and work out their average. 4-11 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 (f) Loosen the elevation knob screw so that the micrometer scale becomes free. (g) Adjust the mean difference by bringing the micrometer scale at zero and the index line against 10 on the major scale. (h) Tighten the knob screw. (j) During the entire process following must be noted: - (i) Cross level bubble centered with the help of leveling mechanism. (ii) If there is major difference, then adjust the major scale plate by loosening the screws. Testing and Adjusting for Deflection 5. It can be carried out by the following two methods: - (a) Inspection target method. 2 (b) Aiming point method. Inspection Target Method 6. A crew of three, one to adjust the mortar and its sight, second to align and position the plumb line and third for the correct positioning of the inspection target, is required in this method to work as a team. 7. To test and adjust proceed as under: - (a) Bring a mortar into action, without its base plate. (b) With the help of supports position, the plumb line 3 to 5 meters behind the mortar position and the inspection target 9.907 meters from the object lens of the sight, ahead of the mortar position. (c) Coincide the two sight alignment lines on the yoke. (d) Loosen the Leveling mechanism and align the white line with the plumb line by moving the barrel with the help of traversing mechanism or by just shifting the position of the breech piece. (e) Center the cross level bubble by using the leveling mechanism. Lock it. (f) Now adjust the position of the inspection target so that they are correctly aligned. 4-12 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 (g) Ensure that the inspection target remains stationary and in the same state. (h) s ee through the collimator sight. If the vertical line of the cross hair is on the left vertical line of the inspecting target and the deflection is zero, the sight is correct. If not, align the two lines by using the deflection knob and note the difference in deflection. (j) In case of difference, repeat the entire (whole) procedure as described above and take two more similar reading. (k) In case of difference and apply it on the deflection micrometer scale. (l) Work out the average difference and apply it on the deflection micrometer scale. (m) Loosen the knob screw, bring the micrometer scale to zero and tighten it. While doing so ensure that the knob does not move. Aiming Point Method 8. (a) Select an aiming point at least 200 meters away. (b) Bring mortar into action without its base plate. (c) With the help of supports position the plumb line 3 to 5 meters behind the mortar position. (d) Align the plumb line, the white line, the aiming point and centre of the cross level bubble with the help of leveling mechanism. (e) See through the collimator sight. If the vertical line of cross hair is on the aiming point and the deflection on the sight is zero, the sight is correct. (f) If not, note down the deflection and take another two readings by repeating the procedure as described above. (g) Work out the average difference and apply it on the deflection micrometer scale. (h) Loosen the knob screw, bring the micrometer scale to zero and tighten it. Ensure that the knob does not move during this process. 4-13 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED CHAPTER 5 LOADING, FIRING AND MISFIRE DRILL Aim 1. To teach loading, firing and misfire drill. Introduction 2. To achieve excellent results in war, it is essential that our airmen should load and fire maximum rounds in the minimum possible time without over looking the accuracy of fire. They should also know the misfire drill, because at times bombs may not fire or leave the barrel. So we must act immediately and remove the misfire bombs from the barrel. This will increase the efficiency of a mortar detachment and will save the firer from any unusual accidents. Loading and Firing 3. The sequence of action should be following: - (a) Detachment Commander: - 3 (i) Places the ammunition container near Number 2. (ii) Positions himself at an appropriate place from where he can see the target. (iii) Give out the orders e.g., mortar target, tree, right 3 0, Clock line of bushes, HE Charge 2, deflection zero, elevation 6, fire. (b) Number 1. 2 (i) Acknowledges the orders. (ii) Applies deflection and elevation on the sight. (c) Number 2. 2 (i) Repeats the charge, which is to be applied. (ii) Prepares the bomb accordingly. Sequence of Firing 7 4. (a) After having laid the mortar on the target, Number 1 shouts on ready. 4-14 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 4 (b) Number 2 holds the bomb in such a way with forefinger and thumb of the right hand that the two rotating hands are visible. No 1 is Firer (c) Number 1 checks the charge and gives “CORRECT REPORT”. (d) Now Number 2 slips the bomb in the barrel to an extent that two rotating bands are visible. (e) On orders “Fire” form the commander, Number 2 releases the bomb and immediate takes his hands towards the base plate. (f) As the bomb leaves the muzzle, Number1 reports “Fire”. Misfire 5. On loading, if the bomb does not fire. It is said to have misfired. Its misfire drill is as follows: - (a) First Action. If the bomb misfires, Number 1 shakes the yoke with both hands. If the bomb is fired, Number 1 reports Fire. (b) Second Action. (i) If the bomb does not fire by First action, Number 1 reports “misfire”. The detachment commander orders unload misfire. (ii) Number1 holds the bipod legs firmly with the both hands. (iii) Number 2 unlocks the barrel with his right hand and lift the barrel upwards holding it from the spherical projection. He will hold the bomb with his right hand by placing his palm near the lower portion of the muzzle end, thus taking the bomb out of the barrel. (iv) Number 2 inspects the primary. If it is hit by the firing pin, it is ascertained that the bomb is defective and he places it away from other bombs. Number I will lock the barrel in the base plate. (v) In case there is no hit of the firing pin on the primary, open the base up and inspect the firing pin. If it is damaged, replace the firing pin. (vi) Relay the mortar and start firing. No1 checks & reports Detachment Cdr : Order 4-15 RESTRICTED  SECTION 5 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION, STRIPPING, ASSEMBLING, NAME OF PARTS AND TECHNICAL DATA OF PISTOL GLOCK 17 Aim 1. To teach the men about introduction, safety devices, stripping, assembling, Name of the Parts and technical data of Glock 17. Introduction 2. The Glock-17 is a Safe-Action and Self-Loading Pistol, with its uncompressing design, combines virtually all the features demanded from the modern hand gun. It is extremely low over all weight, high magazine capacity of 17 rounds, and maximum possible safety for the user. Glock pistols are mechanically locked. Glock -17 is made in Austria. Check of Safety Devices. 3. Function testing the trigger safety: - Remove the magazine from your pistol and re assure that there is no cartridge in the barrel. Then the trigger may be pulled back. Bring back the trigger in its forward position by cycling the slide, the trigger safety should than be properly engage when lateral pressure is applied on the trigger, the safety should keep engaged, blocking the trigger movement. Magazine 4. Remove the magazine by pressing the magazine catch and take out the magazine. Removal of the slide 5. (a) Hold the pistol in the right or left hand in such a way that four fingers rest over the slide and the thumb rests on the rear slide of the frame. (b) Using the fingers, draw back the slide about 3 mm. (c) Push the slide forward to separate it from the frame. (d) If the slide is drawn back too far (more than 3 mm) the trigger will move to the fore most position. The slide will then not separate from the frame. Do not use force. The trigger most first be pulled back completely. 5-1 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 5 Removal of barrel 6. (a) Push the recoil spring assembly somewhat forward with the thumb and raise it. (b) Remove recoil spring assembly from slide. (c) Hold the barrel on the barrel locking piece, push it slightly forward, raise and pull backward out of the slide. Before the slide and the receiver are dismantle any further, to assemble the pistol carry out it in the reverse order. NOTE ASSEMBLING SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT IN REVERSE ORDER. Main Parts of Glock- 17 7. 4 (a) Slide and Barrel Group (b) Frame Group (c) Body Group (d) Magazine Group 5-2 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 5 Name of the Parts 8. (a) Slide and Barrel Group 8 (1) Slide. (2) Barrel. (3) Recoil spring assembly. (4) Firing pin with spring (5) Extractor. (6) Front sight. (7) Rear sight. (b) Body and Magazine Group 8 (1) Frame. (2) Magazine catch. (3) Trigger. (4) Trigger pin. (5) Trigger housing pin. (6) Follower and follower spring. (7) Magazine floor plate. (8) Slide lock. Technical Data 9. (a) Caliber 9 mm (b) Length of slide 186 m m 5-3 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 5 (c) Length between sights 165 mm (d) Length of barrel 114 mm (e) Barrel grooves 06 right hand Twist (f) Magazine capacity (standard magazine) 17 Rounds (g) Weight of pistol (without magazine) 625 grams (h) Weight of standard pistol with empty magazine 703 grams (j) Muzzle velocity 360 m/sec (k) Muzzle energy 520 joules 5-4 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 5 CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION, STRIPPING, ASSEMBLING, NAME OF PARTS AND TECHNICAL DATA OF PISTOL 7.62 MM Aim 1. To teach the men about introduction, characteristics, safety precautions Name of the Parts and technical data of 7.62mm. Introduction 2. Semi-automatic pistol 7.62mm is CQB weapon of Chinese origin. Since its principle of functioning and method of handling are almost similar to other automatic pistol. It is a magazine fed recoil operated and semi-automatic weapon, its magazine takes 8 rounds. General Characteristics 3. 3 (a) It is semi-automatic weapon. (b) It is fed by magazine containing 8 rounds. (c) It is recoil operated Safety Precautions 6 4. (a) Always consider the weapon as a loaded. (b) Unload before handing over. (c) Do not point it at anyone. (d) Do not hang it around the neck. (e) Do not play with its trigger. (f) If you have to carry it loaded at any time, make sure that its hammer is in safe positions. 5-5 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 7 Stripping / Assembling and Main Parts 5. Stripping 5 MAGAZINE BODY AND RECEIVER SLIDE PORTION BARREL RECOIL MECHANISM (a) Magazine. Press the magazine catch and take the magazine out with the left hand. (b) Slide catch. Press the spring on the right hand side backward with pointed end of the magazine. (c) Slide. While controlling the spring with left hand, move the slide forward and take it out. (d) Counter Recoil Mechanism. Remove the spring while pressing it backward with the help of forefinger and thumb of your hand. (e) Barrel Lock. Take it out from barrel by rotating it 180 degree from left to right or right to left. Pressing the links downwards, take out the barrel. (f) Firing Mechanism. Lift the hammer and firing mechanism upward from the body. 5-6 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 5 Assembling 6. (a) Firing Mechanism. Keeping the hammer backwards fit the firing mechanism in the body. (b) Barrel. Keeping the link downward, put the barrel in the slide and after that put the link up. Fix the barrel by rotating barrel lock at 180 degree. (c) Counter Recoil Mechanism. Replace it by pressing it forward with the help of forefinger and thumb of the right hand. Make sure that its roundel portion in the rear is kept upward. (d) Slide. Keeping the body in the right hand and slide in the left hand, join the two ends, hold both of them firmly with your left hand. (e) Slide Catch. Keeping the hole of the slide with the body in line, insert the slide catch from the left hand side, Pushing the spring on right hand side forward with the roundel portion of the magazine, cock the pistol and check it working. (f) Magazine. At the end put the magazine in its way. Technical Data 7. (a) Caliber 7.62 mm (b) Weight of pistol with magazine 0.85003 k g (c) Weight of filled magazine 0.085 kg (d) Weight of empty magazine 0.17 kg (e) Weight of round 9.92 gram (f) Length of pistol 19.3 cm (g) Distance between front and rear sight 15.24 cm (h) Number of grooves 4 (right ha nd twist) (j) Depth of grooves 0.004 to 0. 006 inches (k) Effective range 50 m (l) Maximum range 2000 m (m) Sustained rate of fire 8 rounds per minute (n) Effective rate of fire 24 rounds per minute (p) Muzzle velocity 426.7 m pe r second 5-7 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 5 CHAPTER 3 LOADING, UNLOADING, AIMING, HOLDING AND FIRING OF PISTOLS Aim 1. To teach the men about loading, unloading, aiming holding and firing of Pistols. Loading 2. The magazine is filled by each individual round being pushed in to the magazine from the front, with the base of the round being pressed down first against the pressure of the magazine spring. Unloading 3. (a) Remove magazine. (b) Pull slide back to eject the round which is in the chamber. (c) Check to ensure that there is no round in the chamber. (d) Allow the slide to snap forward and pull the trigger into the rear most position. (e) All steps have to be executed each time when unloading the pistol. Holding 4. Hold the pistol from its grip with the right hand, with its three fingers on the right and the thumb on the left. Keep the forefinger of the right hand across the trigger guard. Aiming Rules 5. (a) Close the left eye (right eye in case of a left handed shot). (b) Look through the center and inline with the shoulders of U and select your point of aim at the target. 5-8 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED SECTION 7 (c) Keep the sights upright, and put the tip of the front side on the point of aim. (d) Make sure the point of aim is still in the c