Assessment of the Cardiovascular System PDF

**[Assessment of the Cardiovascular System]** 1. Define the terms angina, diaphoresis, palpitations, dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, murmur, bruit, thrill, and nocturia. (CO1, CO2) 2. Identify questions within the health history to ask concerning the cardiovascular...

**[Assessment of the Cardiovascular System]** 1. Define the terms angina, diaphoresis, palpitations, dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, murmur, bruit, thrill, and nocturia. (CO1, CO2) 2. Identify questions within the health history to ask concerning the cardiovascular system. (CO1) 3. Identify lifestyle habits and family history that put the patient at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. (CO5) 4. Describe previously learned content concerning the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system. (CO1) 5. Describe the heart\'s electrical conduction system, including intrinsic rates of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. (CO1) 6. Identify normal sinus rhythm, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation on an electrocardiogram. (CO1) 7. Use knowledge of anatomy to identify landmarks for cardiovascular assessment. (CO1) 8. Demonstrate assessment of the cardiovascular system, including inspection, palpation, and auscultation of the precordium to evaluate cardiovascular status. (CO1, CO2)  9. Inspect, palpate, and auscultate the jugular veins and carotid arteries of the neck and provide a rationale for variations.  (CO1, CO2) a. Differentiate between a bruit and a thrill. 10. Demonstrate palpation of the chest at the point of maximum impulse and provide a rationale for a variation in location or intensity. (CO1, CO2) 11. Demonstrate auscultation of S1 and S2 and define the term murmur. (CO1) 12.  Demonstrate auscultation of the five landmarks for heart sounds (Aortic, Pulmonic, Erb\'s, Tricuspid, and Mitral). All People Enjoy Time Magazine 13. Demonstrate auscultation at the apical pulse and identify heart rate and rhythm. (CO1) 14. Describe what assessment findings would be expected for patients with hypertension or coronary heart disease. (CO1, CO2, CO4) 15. Identify risk factors for coronary heart disease and hypertension. (CO5) 16. Identify the improvement of cardiovascular health and reduction of deaths from heart disease as a Healthy People 2030 goal. (CO5) **[Assessment of the Peripheral Vascular & Lymphatic Systems]** 1. Define the terms intermittent claudication, phlebitis, perfusion, doppler ultrasound, capillary refill, and lymph edema. (CO1, CO2) 2. Identify questions within the health history to ask concerning the peripheral vascular system. (CO1) 3. Describe previously learned content concerning the anatomy and physiology of the peripheral vascular and lymphatic system. (CO1) 4. Use knowledge of anatomy to identify landmarks for peripheral vascular assessment. (CO1) 5. Identify the function of lymph nodes. (CO1) 6. Demonstrate assessment of the peripheral vascular system, including brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsal pedis for rhythm, rate, and amplitude. (CO1, CO2) Palpate, inspect, and auscultate 7. Demonstrate use of the doppler ultrasound and identify rationale. (CO3) 8. Identify the rationale for comparing pulses for symmetry. (CO4) 9. Describe normal findings for the assessment of lymph nodes. (CO1, CO2) 10. Discuss risk factors for peripheral artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and deep vein thrombosis. (CO4, CO5) 11. Differentiate assessment findings for peripheral artery disease and peripheral vascular disease. (CO1, CO2, CO4) 12. Relate peripheral hair distribution to peripheral artery disease. (CO4) **Cardiovascular System** **1. What is the term for chest pain caused by restricted blood flow to the heart?**\ A) Dyspnea\ B) Angina\ C) Palpitations\ D) Orthopnea **2. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?**\ A) Family history of hypertension\ B) High caffeine intake\ C) Regular exercise\ D) Smoking **3. What is the normal intrinsic rate of the sinoatrial (SA) node?**\ A) 20-40 BPM\ B) 40-60 BPM\ C) 60-100 BPM\ D) 100-120 BPM **4. Which heart sound corresponds to the closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves?**\ A) S1 (Lubb)\ B) S2 (Dubb)\ C) Murmur\ D) Split S1 **5. What is the most common cause of a heart murmur?**\ A) Turbulent blood flow\ B) Increased heart rate\ C) Aortic dissection\ D) Hypertension **6. Where is the apical pulse most commonly palpated?**\ A) 3rd intercostal space, left sternal border\ B) 4th or 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line\ C) 2nd intercostal space, right sternal border\ D) 6th intercostal space, midaxillary line **7. Which of the following is a symptom of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)?**\ A) Severe shortness of breath and coughing at night\ B) Chest pain during physical exertion\ C) Nausea and dizziness during the day\ D) A sudden increase in heart rate **8. A \"thrill\" felt during palpation of the chest indicates:**\ A) A blocked artery\ B) Turbulent blood flow\ C) An aneurysm\ D) Heart failure **9. Which of the following is a normal range for heart rate in sinus tachycardia?**\ A) Less than 60 BPM\ B) 60-100 BPM\ C) 100-150 BPM\ D) 120-180 BPM **10. Which of the following arteries is NOT typically assessed during a peripheral vascular examination?**\ A) Femoral artery\ B) Popliteal artery\ C) Radial artery\ D) Carotid artery **Peripheral Vascular System** **11. What is the term for pain in the legs due to insufficient blood flow during exercise?**\ A) Phlebitis\ B) Intermittent claudication\ C) Lymphedema\ D) Doppler ultrasound **12. Which of the following findings is most concerning when assessing the carotid arteries?**\ A) A bruit\ B) A clear pulse\ C) No visible pulsations\ D) Symmetric carotid artery pulses **13. What is the primary purpose of the Doppler ultrasound in vascular assessment?**\ A) To measure blood pressure\ B) To examine blood flow\ C) To detect heart murmurs\ D) To check for swollen lymph nodes **14. Which artery would you palpate at the ankle to assess for peripheral vascular disease?**\ A) Femoral artery\ B) Dorsalis pedis artery\ C) Brachial artery\ D) Ulnar artery **15. Which of the following is a characteristic sign of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?**\ A) Swollen legs and ankles\ B) Hair loss on the legs\ C) Redness and warmth in the lower legs\ D) Decreased blood pressure in the arms **16. What does a \"bruit\" heard during auscultation indicate?**\ A) Normal blood flow\ B) An obstruction or narrowing in an artery\ C) Increased heart rate\ D) Turbulent venous return **17. Which of the following is a common risk factor for peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?**\ A) High sodium intake\ B) Smoking\ C) Excessive exercise\ D) High water intake **18. What is lymph edema caused by?**\ A) Increased blood pressure\ B) Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space\ C) Narrowing of arteries\ D) Excessive blood flow through veins **19. How would you assess capillary refill time?**\ A) Palpating the femoral artery\ B) Pressing on the nailbed and observing the return of color\ C) Listening for heart murmurs\ D) Measuring blood pressure in the arm **20. What is the primary function of the lymph nodes?**\ A) To produce red blood cells\ B) To absorb excess fluid and work with the vascular system\ C) To filter oxygen in the blood\ D) To regulate heart rate **Answers:** 1. B\) Angina 2. C\) Regular exercise 3. C\) 60-100 BPM 4. A\) S1 (Lubb) 5. A\) Turbulent blood flow 6. B\) 4th or 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line 7. A\) Severe shortness of breath and coughing at night 8. B\) Turbulent blood flow 9. C\) 100-150 BPM 10. D\) Carotid artery 11. B\) Intermittent claudication 12. A\) A bruit 13. B\) To examine blood flow 14. B\) Dorsalis pedis artery 15. B\) Hair loss on the legs 16. B\) An obstruction or narrowing in an artery 17. B\) Smoking 18. B\) Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space 19. B\) Pressing on the nailbed and observing the return of color 20. B\) To absorb excess fluid and work with the vascular system