Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction PDF

1 Match it Up- From your prior knowledge, match up the two types of reproduction with their characteristics and place the items a the Venn Diagram in your interactive notebook Reproduction Type  Characteristics  Two parents Sexual reproduction...

1 Match it Up- From your prior knowledge, match up the two types of reproduction with their characteristics and place the items a the Venn Diagram in your interactive notebook Reproduction Type  Characteristics  Two parents Sexual reproduction  Identical offspring  One parent  Not identical offspring  Passes on DNA to from Asexual reproduction parent to offspring  Bacteria, protists, some plants, yeast  Fish, Mammals, Amphibians, Birds, Reptiles, Insects 2 Asexual Reproduction  Requires only one parent  Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as the parent.  In other words, the offspring are exact “clones” of the parent.  Most unicellular organisms reproduce this way.  Mitosis  Movie 3 Asexual Reproduction  Binary Fission Paramecium  Bacteria  Protists Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction where every organelle is copied and the organism divides in two. 4  Asexual Reproduction  Budding  Hydra  Movie Budding is a means of asexual reproduction whereby a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently. 5 Asexual Reproduction- Spore  Found in fungi, algae, protozoa  Airborne cells that are released from the parent. They are enclosed and developed when the environment is appropriate [Image, BIODIDAC, ZYGO001B.GIF Zygomycota Rhizopus Sporangia of bread mold showing asexual reproduction Description en anglais seulement. Désolé !Sporangia of bread mold showing asexual reproduction] 6 Asexual Reproduction  Regeneration Regeneration occurs when a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one. 7 Asexual Reproduction http://tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:u17MaSt6Xu8DoM:http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/planaria.jpg  Fragmentation Fragmentation is a means of asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals. 8 Asexual Reproduction  Plant cuttings/ vegetative propagation Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction in plants that relies on multi- cellular structures formed by the parent plant. It has long been exploited in horticulture and agriculture, with various methods employed to multiply stocks of plants. 9 Asexual reproduction- Mitosis  The process where animal cells divide  This is a type of asexual reproduction  Body cells (somatic cells) go through the process of mitosis  Results in an exact copy of the parent cell 10 Asexual Reproduction  Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually  Hydra http://tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:ZnZ5qL1KkKozPM:http://www.isledegrande.com/giimages9/wildstrawberryrunners.jpg http://tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:dHvm71rhWYuQ_M:http://overcomingcandida.com/mycology/yeast-dk1.jpg  Sea Star  Strawberry  Archaebacteria  Eubacteria http://tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:1xCb2RKMv__guM:http://genome.jgi-psf.org/draft_microbes/images/metba.gif  Euglena  Paramecium  Yeast 11 Advantages vs Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction Advantages Disadvantages  Asexual reproduction  Same DNA being passed produces more offspring down→ NO GENETIC  Asexual reproduction takes VARIATION IN THE less time OFFSPRING  Only one parent involved. No  If parent has genetic disease searching for mates offspring will have it too  Requires less energy 12 Sexual Reproduction  All the members of the Animal Kingdom  Fish  Mammals  Amphibians  Birds  Reptiles  Insects  Crustaceans 13 Advantages vs Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction Advantages Disadvantages  Variation in offspring  Requires two organisms.  Organism is more protected Must find a mate because of genetic variation  requires more cellular energy  More time required for offspring development 14 Sexual Reproduction  Plant Kingdom  Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. Male flower Female flower  Some flowers have both male and female reproductive organs on the same flower. 15 Sexual Reproduction  Examples of organisms that reproduce sexually  Chickens http://tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:LCOoAh3i3iVG5M:http://www.nps.gov/wica/naturescience/images/Annual-Sunflower.jpg http://tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:w_YsoPTGJtE8QM:http://www.vivanatura.org/Iguana_iguana_juv1.jpg http://tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:36DC8OVa8VIIWM:http://www.thetechherald.com/media/images/200831/HumanElement_3.jpg  Iguanas  Lobsters  Sharks http://tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:c0_omok8vdKuOM:http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/butterflies/icons/butterfly.jpg  Humans http://tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:xsmRMkhyditooM:http://www.sealifegifts.net/user_images/lobster4a.JPG http://tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:xGrsS2ewOy51vM:http://michaelscomments.files.wordpress.com/2007/10/shark.jpg  Butterflies  Sunflowers  Roses 16 Sexual Reproduction  Happens 2 ways  Internally (inside)  The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female  Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders  Externally (outside)  The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female  The female lays the eggs and then the male fertilizes them.  Fish and some amphibians  Plants and fungi (pollen and spores) 17 18 19 20 21 Reproductive Female Floral Organ  Carpel or Pistil It contains: - Ovary- enlarged structure at the base of carpe/pistil. - Ovules- contains female germ cell or egg cell - Stigma- where the pollen sticks to - Style-the long tube that connects stigma to ovary 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Cross Pollination 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Pollination and Fertilization 39 Human Fertilization 40 Sexual Reproduction  Requires two parents that each share ½ of the genetic information.  Offspring share the characteristics of each parent.  Meiosis 41 42 Meiosis I  Prophase I The nuclear envelope disintegrates. Chromosomes begin to condense. Spindle fibres appear.  Prometaphase II  Spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes at the centromere.  Metaphase I  The homologous chromosomes align at the equatorial plate ensuring genetic diversity among offspring.  Anaphase I  The homologous chromosomes are pulled towards the opposite poles.  Telophase I Spindle fibres disappear. Nuclear envelope is reformed.  Cytokinesis I  The cytoplasm and the cell division result in 2 non-identical haploid daughter cells. 43 Meiosis II  Prophase II The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Nuclear envelope disintegrates. Centrosomes migrate to either poles. Spindle fibres are reformed.  Metaphase II  The chromosomes align along the equatorial plate. On the contrary, the chromosomes in metaphase I were in homologous pairs.  Anaphase II  Sister chromatids are pulled to the opposite poles.  Telophase II  Nuclear envelope redevelops and the spindle fibres disappear.  Cytokinesis II  The cytoplasm and cell divide producing 4 non-identical haploid daughter cells. 44