ARTA 411 Art Appreciation PDF

ARTA 411 BS FIRST ART APPRECIATION...

ARTA 411 BS FIRST ART APPRECIATION PSY SEMESTER INTRODUCTION: HUMANITIES HUMANITIES  expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill & imagination  Humanities came from the Latin word humanus meaning refined, cultured and human. DIVISION OF THE ARTS  study of the different cultural aspect of man, his frailties in life and how it can be improved  VISUAL: arts that are primarily seen, occupies space  records man’s quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks about himself and about life  AUDITORY: heard, timed arts; exist in time  Humanities are expressions of man’s feelings and thoughts  COMBINED/PERFORMING ARTs: combines visual & auditory elements  emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and recognizes creative expressions  EXAMPLES:  aimed to shape students subjective energies (feelings, attitudes and aspirations)  Visual arts: paintings, sculptures and architectures  Auditory arts: music and poetry IMPORTANCE OF HUMANITIES  Combined: drama & theatre, dancing, cinema & TV, opera  Man needs an image of himself  Understanding of his nature PURPOSES OF THE ARTS  Necessary for the development of a complete, social man  Create beauty  Provides man with a measure of his own passion and desire  Provide decoration  Regulate man’s behavior  Reveal truth  Immortalize ETYMOLOGY OF ART  Express religious values  ART comes from the Aryan root word AR which means to put together  Record and commemorate experience  Latin word ARS which means skills/ability  Create order & harmony  cover those areas of artistic creativity -embraces the visual arts, literature, music and dance BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE ART Art has been created by all people at all times, in all countries and it lives because it’s well-liked and enjoyed ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE; THERE CAN NEVER BE APPRECIATION OF ART ART IS NOT NATURE; NATURE IS NOT ART. WITHOUT EXPERIENCE. Art is not nature. Art is made by human beings. Artists frequently find their inspiration and Whatever I do today is the whole continuum of my experience. Like John Dewey said in his subject matter in nature, and artists do use nature as a medium,, but art itself not nature. book ‘Art as Experience,’ you can’t separate experience from the work of art. So, if I write for Art is made by human beings, and no matter how close it is to nature, it always shows that is the symphony today you’re listening to everything that’s happened to me since I was 18 years was made by human beings. old.” —Yusef Lateek The function of the artist is to help us understand the nature of things, to realize the possibilities in the world, to develop insights or enlarge motivation by creating or revealing new subjects. ART APPRECIATION| PRELIMS 1 ARTA 411 BS FIRST ART APPRECIATION PSY SEMESTER ART IS MADE BY MAN; ART IS EVERYWHERE of Altamira, Spain is one such example. In 1879, a Spaniard and his daughter were “Art is everywhere, except that it has pass through a creative mind” exploring a cave when they saw pictures of a wild boar, hind, and bison. -Louise Nevelson HISTORY OF PAINTING PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS ART IS MAN’S OLDEST MEANS OF EXPRESSION;  According to experts, these paintings were purported to belong to Upper Paleolithic Age, ART AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSION & COMMUNICATION. several thousands of years before the current era. Pre-historic men, with their crude  “The humanities constitute one of the oldest and most important means of expression instruments, already showcased and manifested earliest attempts at recording man’s developed by man”. Human history has witnessed how man evolved not just physically innermost interests, preoccupations, and thoughts. but also culturally, from cave painters to men of exquisite paintbrush users of the present.  The humanities, then, ironically, have started even before the term has been coined. Even if one goes back to the time before written records of man’s civilization has Human persons have long been exercising what it means to be a human long before he appeared, he can find cases of man’s attempts of not just crafting tools to live and survive was even aware of his being one. The humanities stand tall in bearing witness to this but also expressing his feelings and thoughts. The Galloping Wild Boar found in the cave magnificent phenomenon. Any human person, then, is tasked to participate, if not, totally partake in this long tradition of humanizing himself. POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS VISUAL ARTS ARCHITECTURE  Is the kind of art form that the population is most likely more exposed to, but its variations  Architecture – is the art of designing and constructing buildings and other types of are so diverse they range from sculptures that you see in art galleries to the last movie structures. you saw. Some mediums of visual arts include paintings, drawings, lettering, printing,  It is often referred to as the “mother of the arts” because it houses, serves as background sculptures, digital imaging, and more. for, or occurs in relation to other fields of art. FILM  Materials used include stone, concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster.  Film refers to the art of putting together successions of still images in order to create an DANCE illusion of movement, Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic, cultural, and social value and  Dance is series of movements that follows the rhythm of the music accompaniment. is considered as both an art and an industry.  Dance (French dancier) generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. PERFORMANCE ART  Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a  Performance art is a live art and the artist’s medium is mainly the human body which he choreographer. or she uses to perform, but also employs other kind of art such as visual art, props, or LITERARY ART sound.  Literary art goes beyond the usual professional, academic, journalistic, and other POETRY PERFORMANCE technical form of writing. It focuses on writing using a unique style, not following a specific  Poetry is an art form where the artist expresses his emotions not by using paint, charcoal, form or norm. It may include both fiction and non-fiction such as novels, biographies and or camera, but expresses them through words. poems. ART APPRECIATION| PRELIMS 2 ARTA 411 BS FIRST ART APPRECIATION PSY SEMESTER THEATER when one can just listen to music for the sake of music’s sake, the ancient world saw  Theater uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary events before a live music only as an instrument to facilities worship and invocation to gods. Music also was audience. Theater art performance usually follows a script, though they should not be essential to dance because music assures synchronicity among dancers. confused with literary arts.  ART AS A REPRESENTATION APPLIED ARTS  ART AS A DISINTERESTED JUDGEMENT  Applied arts incorporate elements of style and design to everyday items with the aim of  ART AS A COMMUNICATION OF EMOTION increasing their aesthetical value. Artists in this field bring beauty, charm, and comfort SUBJECT AND CONTENT into many things that are useful in everyday life.  Subject refers to the visual focus or the image that may be extracted from examining the THE FUNCTIONS OF ART artwork. A. AS A THERAPY  Content is the meaning that is communicated by the artist or the artwork.  In its therapeutic function, art can be and is used as therapy for individuals with a variety TYPES OF SUBJECT of illnesses, both physical and mental. REPRESENTATIONAL B. AS ARTIFACT These types of art have subjects that refer to object or events occurring in the real world.  Art also functions as an artifact: A product of a particular time and place, an artwork Often, it is also termed figurative art, because as the name suggest, the figures depicted are represents the ideas and technology of that specific time and place. As we look back easy to makes out and decipher. over history, we find in art striking, and in some cases, the only, tangible records of some peoples. The insights we gain into cultures, including our own are enhanced NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART tremendously by such artifacts as paintings, sculptures, poems, plays, and buildings. This art does not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or C. PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART even a particular event. It is stripped down to visual elements such as shapes, lines, emotion,  The personal functions of art are varied and highly subjective. This means that its function and even concept. depend on the person- the artist who created the art. SOURCES OF SUBJECT KINDS OF SUBJECT D. SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART  Nature  History  Landscapes  Art is considered to have a social function if and when it addresses a particular collective  History  Still Life  Seascapes interest as opposed to a personal interest. Political art is a very common example of an art with a social function. Art may convey message of protest, contestation, or whatever  Greek and roman mythology  Animals  Cityscape message the artist intends his work to carry.  Sacred oriental texts  Nature  Figures E. OHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART  Judeo-Christian tradition  Myth  Mythology  Other works of art  Fantasies  Dream  The physical functions of art are the easiest to spot and understand. The physical functions of art can be found in artworks that are crafted in order to serve some physical purpose. F. OTHER FUNCTIONS OF ART  Music as an art is also interesting to talk about in relation to function. Music in its original form was principally functional. Music was used for dance and religion. Unlike today, ART APPRECIATION| PRELIMS 3 ARTA 411 BS FIRST ART APPRECIATION PSY SEMESTER CONTENT IN ART SUBJECTIVE LEVELS OF MEANING When subjectivities are consulted, a variety of meaning may arise when a particular work of FACTUAL art is read. These meanings stem from the viewer’s or audience’s circumstances that come pertains to the most rudimentary level of meaning for it may be extracted from the identifiable into play when engaging with art. or recognizable forms in the artwork and understanding how these elements relate to one another. CONVENTIONAL meaning, on the other hand, pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the artwork using motifs, signs, symbols and other cyphers as bases of its meaning. These conventions are established through time, strengthened by recurrent use and wide acceptance by its viewers or audience and scholars who study then. ARTIST AND ARTISAN SOME OF THE GREATEST ARTISTS IN THE WORLD WHAT IS AN ARTISAN?  “MONALIZA” by LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452-1519)Known for Painting, drawing,  An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand. This includes various objects sculpting, science, engineering, architecture, anatomy ranging from jewelry to furniture.  “THE STARRY NIGHT” by VINCENT VAN GOGH—Dutch post-impressionist 1853-1890  An artisan should not be confused with an artist because there is a clear difference in the  “THE CREATION OF ADAM” -Michelangelo, in full Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti things that they create. An artisan is able to produce something that has a functional Simoni, (1475-1564), Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who value; although it should not be limited to its use value alone. exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.  “DALAGANG BUKID” by Fernando Amorsolo, who was touted as the “Grand Old Man of DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ARTIST AND AN ARTISAN Philippine Art.” Definitions of Artist and Artisan:  Artist: An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts. WHO IS AN ARTIST?  Artisan: An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.  An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts. This captures all forms of art.  Is an art practitioner such as painter, sculptor, choreographer, dancer, musician, etc. who CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIST AND ARTISAN: produces or creates indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination. Artistic Value:  The specialty of an artist is that he is able to create art for the sake of art itself without  Artist: The object has a clear artistic value. needing any ulterior motives.  Artisan: The object has an artistic value. ART APPRECIATION| PRELIMS 4 ARTA 411 BS FIRST ART APPRECIATION PSY SEMESTER Functional Value: ROLE OF AN ART CURATOR  Artist: The object has no functional value.  The role of the curator is more of the interpretation and development of the artwork(s) or  Artisan: The object has a functional value. the collection(s) through establishing the significance, relationship, and relevance of Object: these materials----in isolation and/or as part of a wider narrative. Some of the roles  Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is appreciated for this quality as it expected of curators are the ability to research and write, as an arbiter of design and pleases the individual. layout, and deciding for the display and hanging of materials foe exhibition.  Artisan: The object though utilitarian has certain aesthetic attributes to it. COLOGNE CATHEDRAL IN GERMANY MUSEUMS AND GALLERIES.  An examples of early Gothic architecture. FILM MAKING  This is also a collaboration between the artist who made the design and the Artisan who PRODUCTION PROCESS help in the construction of the whole building. (1) Preproduction. (2) Production, and (3) Postproduction. ARTISAN AND GUILDS  These guilds where towns had formalized groups of artisans or craftsmen who took on a particular specialization or trade; shoemakers, textile and glass workers, carpenters, carvers, masons, armorers, and weapon-makers, among others. Here, the practice of artists was not grounded on the idea of individual capacities or success ; rather, in the commitment to work together as a collective.  Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an association structured with rules, customs, rights, and responsibilities. With a lifetime commitment to a particular trade, an artisans develops immense skill and expertise in his craft. PHILIPPINE ARTISANS  Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Loay, Bohol.  Spanish friars commissioned a lot of artisans to carve, paint, and engrave images for churches and public sites. WHAT IS AN ART CURATOR?  Art curators are employed by museums and art galleries to design, develop and manage installations and exhibits. This requires them to acquire works of art, ensure proper storage and help maintain museum collections.  Art curators typically specialize in specific areas of art, like Western, Asian or AWARDS AND CITATIONS. contemporary art. The job duties of a curator are vast. They may put on public events  The two major awards given to artist in the Philippines are the Order ng Pambansang like lectures and workshops, write grants and conduct fundraising activities. In addition, Alagad ng Sining (Order of national Artist) and Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (National they conduct research projects and write papers for publication.. Living Treasures Award). ART APPRECIATION| PRELIMS 5 ARTA 411 BS FIRST ART APPRECIATION PSY SEMESTER  The conferment of the Order of National Artist is the “highest national recognition given The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) or The National Living Treasures to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Award was created in 1992 Philippine Arts; namely, music, dance, theater, visual arts, literature, film, broadcast art,  a “Manlilikha ng Bayan” who is a “citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino and architecture and allied arts. The order is jointly administered by the Philippines (CCP) whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level of technical and artistic excellence and conferred by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation by both and have been passed on to and widely practiced by the present generation in his/ her institutions” (NCCA, 2015). community with the same degree of technical and artistic competence” (NCCA,2015). This artists’ practice may fall under the following categories: folk, architecture, maritime transport, weaving, carving, performing arts, literature, graphic and plastic art, ornament, textile or fiber art, pottery and other artistic expressions of traditional culture. ELEMENTS OF ART ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS WHAT DO THESE LINES SUGGEST? 1. LINES 2. COLOR 3. TEXTURE 4. PERSPECTIVE 5. SPACE 6. FORM 7. VOLUME VERTICAL HORIZONTAL DIAGONAL CURVED  The elements of art are the visual components which are required to create a work of art VERTICAL LINES  Knowing the basics of the elements of visual art can help any artist to create a well- balanced and beautiful designs Vertical lines are poised for action. They are poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic.  To develop a more thorough understanding of artistic composition, one must learn how They express an impression of dignity. to examine and utilize various art elements Only vertical lines can be used to express an orderly feeling I. LINE HORIZONTAL LINES  Line is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and Horizontal lines are lines of repose and serenity. They express ideas of calmness and can be thick and thin. Types of line can include actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, quiescence. diagonal and contour line. Only horizontal lines can give a feeling of peacefulness and stillness.  is an important element at the disposal of every artist. DIAGONAL LINES are used to create feelings of movement or action.  always has direction, always moving; may either be straight or curved. CURVED LINES, sometimes referred as S curves, suggest gracefulness or  Lines are the first element of art and are continuous marks that are made on any surface sexiness. with a moving point. If you want to photograph S curves, the human body makes for a wonderful subject.  Lines can be used in various ways to create different compositions. From the arch of a foot to the curve of a neck, you can find many ways to capture curved  A line can be used to express various things or feelings; it can be used to show various leading lines by photographing the human form. moods or anything abstract. IT IS UP TO THE ARTIST HOW HE CONVEYS HIS MESSAGE, IN THE BEST WAY  Line serves as an essential building block of art, but it can also serve as the content POSSIBLE THROUGH THE USE OF LINES. itself of a work of art, or be manipulated to evoke an emotional or intellectual response There are various ways to integrate lines into a photograph to help strengthen the from a viewer (Fichner-Rathus, 2010). overall composition and draw attention to a specific focal point. ART APPRECIATION| PRELIMS 6 ARTA 411 BS FIRST ART APPRECIATION PSY SEMESTER When USING VERTICAL LINES WITHIN A PHOTO, it’s a good idea to follow the rule of thirds, failure to do When including DIAGONAL LEADING LINES so can result in a photo looking as though it’s been cut within a photo, its best if you can position them so in half. It is also important to try to keep the vertical that they start and finish just above or below the line as straight as possible. Vertical leading lines can corner of a photo, like the railroad tracks shown help to illustrate growth, authority, strength, or here. This will prevent the image from looking like dominance. Some examples of vertical leading lines it has been split in half. Because our eyes in photography include photographs of trees or tall naturally scan photos from left to right, composing buildings. an image to include diagonal leading lines that flow from the bottom left to the top right of a photo When composing your photo to include is also a great way to compose a shot. HORIZONTAL LEADING LINES, make sure they’re as straight as possible and consider following the rule of thirds. This photo, for example, places the land and The body of this acoustic guitar is a great example horizon along the bottom third of the image, while the of S curves. Note the use of other leading lines in sky fills the top two-thirds of the shot. Further, the this photo too – the diagonal lines of the guitar photo was composed so the bride and groom are strings, and the horizontal lines of the sheet of along the left-third of the image. music in the background. This photo uses both horizontal and vertical lines. Although the bulrushes are the obvious use of THREE MAIN TYPES OF LINES vertical lines, the horizontal line of the horizon is REPETITION occurs when two or more lines are drawn within a corner following the lines more subtle. Note, too, that the photo has been of the corner. composed so the landscape follows the rule of Lines that are in opposition to each other form a CONTRAST. thirds. A TRANSITION LINE is a line that connects two workflow elements. Transition lines allow you to define what the next step in a workflow will be. To summarize, including leading lines within a photograph is a composition CURVED LINES, sometimes referred as S curves, can technique that can strongly influence the overall result of an image. help lead the eye through a photo and can suggest Leading lines can direct a person’s eye to a main focal point or, if used incorrectly, gracefulness, sexiness, or sensuality. Despite the can draw the eye away from the subject or appear to cut a photo in half. name, S curves don’t need to be shaped exactly like an “s.” Any strong leading line that winds or curves can be considered an S curve. Some curved leading lines often used in photography include paths and rivers. ART APPRECIATION| PRELIMS 7 ARTA 411 BS FIRST ART APPRECIATION PSY SEMESTER II. COLOR ORANGE roses speak of enthusiasm and desire  Color refers to the visual perception of light being reflected from a surface of an artwork. RED AND WHITE convey unity  In the most basic classification, colors can be divided into three groups: primary, III. TEXTURE secondary and tertiary. is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch. ATTRIBUTES OF COLOR applies to how an object feels or appears to feel.  HUE is the term for the pure spectrum colors commonly referred to by the "color names" can be either implied or actual. - red, orange, yellow, blue, green violet - which appear in the hue circle or rainbow. Texture is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch. Theoretically all hues can be mixed from three basic hues, known as primaries. It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces which can be rough or smooth, fine or  A COLOR WHEEL is an abstract illustrative organization of color hues around a circle, coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular. that shows relationships between primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, etc. Implied texture expresses the idea of how a surface might feel. For example, a painting  VALUE refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It is the quality which depends on of a blanket might convey the idea that the blanket is soft. the amount of light and dark in color. Actual texture, on the other hand, is texture that can actually be felt. For example, a  TINTS are values above the normal ceramic bowl might feature a carved texture that could be felt when holding that bowl.  SHADES are values below the normal. IV. PERSPECTIVE  INTENSITY refers to the brightness or darkness of color. It gives color strength. When a Perspective deals with the effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means hue is vivid form, it is said to be in full intensity. When it is dulled, it is said to be partly of which the eye judges spatial relationships. neutralized. KINDS OF PERSPECTIVE PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS Linear perspective is the representation of an appearance of distance by means of Colors have varied psychological and emotional connotations. converging lines. BLACK is associated with death and gloom It has to do with the direction of lines and with the size of objects. WHITE stands for purity and innocence Painters usually show the effect of space and distance by using converging lines and RED is associated with blood, anger and fear diminishing size. GREEN implies happiness and abundance Parallel lines below the eye level seem to rise to a vanishing point in the horizon, while those above the eye level seem to descend to the vanishing point. MEANINGS OF COLORS CONVEYED BY THE ROSE Foreshortening is the representation of objects or parts of the body as smaller from the RED is for “I love you” point of view of the observer. PINK conveys “Thank you” Aerial perspective is the representation of relative distances of objects by gradations of WHITE says “You are heavenly” tone or color. CORAL speaks of desire. Objects become fainter in the distance due to the effect of the atmosphere. Objects WHITE roses denote secrecy, reverence and humility. appear to be lighter in color as they recede into the distance or atmosphere. DEEP PINK roses convey gratitude and appreciation. LIGHT PINK express sympathy, grace and gentility V. SPACE RED roses also mean courage and fortitude Space refers to how the artist fills the surface on which a work of art is created. It can YELLOW roses stand for freedom also refer to the expression of depth within a work of art. RED AND YELLOW stand for jovial /happy feelings ART APPRECIATION| PRELIMS 8 ARTA 411 BS FIRST ART APPRECIATION PSY SEMESTER When talking about a three-dimensional object, space is the actual volume that is taken Refers to a three-dimensional object. As such, form is an art term that is only applied to up by the artwork. those artworks that are three-dimensional, such as sculpture and pottery. Refers to distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece. Forms, much like shapes, can be geometric or organic. Geometric forms have hard lines Space can be positive (white or light) or negative (black or dark), and edges. Organic forms are curvy and more free-form. open or closed, shallow or deep and two-dimensional or three-dimensional. TYPES OF FORM Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece, but the illusion of it is. Form and shape can also be described as either organic or geometric. KINDS OF SPACE Organic forms such as these snow-covered boulders typically are irregular in outline, and POSITIVE SPACE - the areas in a work of art that are the subjects, or areas of interest. often asymmetrical. Organic forms are most often thought of as naturally occurring. NEGATIVE SPACE – areas around the subjects, or areas of interest. Geometric forms are those which correspond to named regular shapes, such as squares, Shape, Form, and Volume are words that are used to describe distinct areas or parts of rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres, cones, and other regular forms. works of art or architecture. VII. VOLUME VI. FORM Volume refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions. Form applies to the over-all design of a work of art. It refers to solidity or thickness. It describes the structure or shape of an object. ART APPRECIATION| PRELIMS 9