Art Appreciation Reviewer 1 & 2 PDF

LESSON 1: HUMANITIES AND THE ARTS - Describes philosophical position of humanism (some “anti – humanists” PYTHAGORAS scholars in the humanities reject) “MAN IS THE MEASURE OF ALL...

LESSON 1: HUMANITIES AND THE ARTS - Describes philosophical position of humanism (some “anti – humanists” PYTHAGORAS scholars in the humanities reject) “MAN IS THE MEASURE OF ALL - The Renaissance scholars and artists THINGS” were also called humanists. WHAT IS HUMANITIES? - The study of humanities may also be - Humanities are academic disciplines attributed to the symmetry and balance, that study aspects of human society discussed by the art piece “VITRUVIAN and culture. MAN OF LEONARDO DA VINCI” - the term contrasted with divinity because human beings are made in the image of God - Today it is frequently contrasted with natural, sometimes social sciences as well as professional training - They use methods that are primarily critical, or speculative and have a significant historical element - Demonstrates the blend of mathematics - Mainly empirical approaches of the and art during the renaissance natural sciences, yet unlike the sciences it has no central discipline - Demonstrates Leonardo’s deep understanding of proportions - Human discipline like, history, folkloristics, and cultural anthropology - Leonardo envisaged the great picture study subject matters that the chart of the human body he had manipulative experimental method does produced through his anatomical not apply to and instead mainly use the drawings and Vitruvian Man as a comparative method and comparative cosmografia del minor mondo research (cosmography of the microcosm). INCLUDES THE STUDY OF: - He believed the workings of the human body to be an analogy for the workings o Ancient and Modern Languages of the universe o Literature o Philosophy - Represents a cornerstone of o History Leonardo’s attempts to relate man to o Archeology nature o Anthropology - Written in mirror writing, it was made as o Human geography a study of the proportions of the male o Law human body as described in Vitruvius’ o Politics De architectura. o Religion o Art HUMANISTS / HUMANITY SCHOLARS  WHY STUDY HUMANITIES? humans of the past, present and future. 1. the word humanities came from the Latin “humanus” which FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF means human, cultured and HUMANITIES: refined, man is taught to be as 1. Human nature is inherently good. what the term exactly means: 2. Individuals are free and are being cultured and refined; capable of making choices. 2. Humans have the characteristics 3. Human potential for growth and of rationality, benevolence and development is virtually care, he is cultured and refined as unlimited. shown by good tastes and 4. Self-concept plays an important manner indicative of good and role in growth and development. proper education 5. Individuals have an urge for self- 3. Humanities contains the records actualization. of man’s quest for answers to the 6. Reality is defined by each person. fundamental questions he asks 7. Individuals have a responsibility himself and about the world we to both themselves and to others. live in 4. Humanities studies man and the ART EXPLAINED manner in which he conducts himself from the time of his - Art is a diverse range of human existence to the present (Martin & activities in creating visual, auditory or Jacobus, 2004) performing artifacts (artworks), 5. Humanities is composed of expressing the author's imaginative, academic disciplines that make it conceptual ideas, or technical skill, distinctive in both content and intended to be appreciated for their method from the physical and beauty or emotional power. biological sciences and from the ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE social sciences PRODUCTION OF WORKS OF ART 6. The study of Humanities is devoted to understanding the o Criticism of Art different phenomena within the o The study of the history of art human cultural contexts o Aesthetic dissemination 7. Humanities studies how people clarification of art process and document the human 3 CLASSICAL BRANCHES OF ART: experience using philosophy, religion, literature, art and history o Painting as their way of understanding and o Sculpture recording the world o Architecture 8. Humanities studies how individuals’ manner of expression OTHER PERFORMING ARTS AND varies as they record human INCLUDED IN A BROADER DEFINITION experiences and how the way of OF ARTS: documenting these forms a o Music connection between and among o Theater o Film  o Dance world increasingly aware of its o Literature successes and failures o Interactive media 6. It is man’s expression of himself as an individual and how he views - Until the 17th century, art referred to his existence, and any skill or mastery and was not 7. Art also provides enjoyment and differentiated from crafts or sciences. stimulation specially when people - In modern usage after the 17th century, understand them where aesthetic considerations are FUNCTIONS OF ART: paramount, the fine arts are separated and distinguished from acquired skills in 1. Express freely oneself general, such as the decorative or 2. Socially express his need for applied arts. display, celebration and communication - The nature of art and related concepts, 3. Physically express the need for such as creativity and interpretation, are utility of functional objects explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics. THE FORMS OF ART DIFFERENTIATED: NATURE OF ARTS: FUNCTIONAL ART FORMS (THE NEED FOR LIFE TO BE BETTER) 1. Art or arts is of Aryan root “ar” which means to join or put o Architecture together and has its Latin term o Weaving being “sars” or “artis” which o Furniture making means everything that is - It benefits the cause of man’s existence artificially made or composed by man - Art forms which give people sustenance 2. Art constitutes one of the oldest as to need for life to be better and most important means of expression developed by man. - Benefit is mostly financial in nature 3. It refers to the skillful - Generally applied art – art created for arrangement or composition of use, not necessarily everyday use, some common but significant designed to serve a purpose with an qualities of nature such as aesthetic in mind sounds, colors, lines, movements, words, stone and wood to NON-FUNCTIONAL ART FORMS (THE express feelings, thoughts, NEED TO EXPRESS AESTHETICS AND imaginations and dreams in an BEAUTY) amazing, meaningful and o Painting enjoyable way. o Sculpture 4. Art is subjective as it employs the o Literature use of perception, insights, o Music feelings and intuition o Dance 5. It is the heightened expression of o theater human dignity and weaknesses felt and shared so powerfully in a - Art that serves no utilitarian purpose - Direct contrast with functional art, -These forms are perfect ideals, but they which has both an aesthetic value and are also more real than physical objects utilitarian purpose - He called them the “The Really, Real” - Encompasses paintings, sculptures and all manner of fine art - The world of the Forms is rational and unchanging; the world of physical - Usually seek to engage with the viewer appearances is changeable and on an intellectual, emotional or aesthetic irrational, and only has reality to the level extent that it succeeds in imitating the Forms - Exploration of these sensibilities determines the artwork’s worth - The mind or soul belongs to the Ideal world; the body and its passions are LESSON 2 – ARTS AND PHILOSOPHY stuck in the muck of the physical world. - Philosophy comes from the word ARISTOTLE “Philo” which means love and “Sophia” which means wisdom - Art is a Representation of reality - The term philosophy was coined by - Was a student of Plato, first “Phytagoras” distinguished between “what is good and what is beautiful” - Art is a branch of philosophy that - For him the universal elements of studies the nature of “Beauty and Taste” beauty are manifested by order, - Philosophy of art is the study of the symmetry and definiteness nature of art, including concepts such as - As exemplified in his Poetics, he stated interpretation, representation and that physical manifestation of beauty is expression, and form affected by SIZE THE ARTISTIC PHILOSOPHERS: - He considered art as imitation or a PLATO representation of nature and his emphasis of the art is on POETRY which - Known for his dialogues together with for him is more philosophical than Socrates Philosophy itself. - Explained that the physical world is a IMAGE OF ARISTOTLE’S POETICS: copy of a perfect, rational, eternal and changeless original which he called FORMS - Art is an imitation - Art is dangerous ( Allegory of the cave by Plato ) - Beauty, Justice and the Circle are all examples of what Plato called forms or ideas Poets imitated the following according to - The term is often used in the Aristotle: entertainment business context, for musicians and other performers (less 1. Things and events which have often for actors) been or still are; 2. Things which are said to be seen ARTISAN and are probable and - Italian: Artigiano 3. Things which essentially are. - French: Artisan (THE SCHOOL OF ATENS BY RAPHAEL) - A skilled craft worker who makes or IMMANUEL KANT creates things by hand that may be - Was a German, Enlightenment functional and strictly decorative philosopher who wrote a treatise on EXAPMPLES: Aesthetics: Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and the Sublime Furniture - His main interest was not on art but on Decorative arts BEAUTY that it is a matter of TASTE Sculptures Clothing - TASTE can be both SUBJECTIVE and Jewelry UNIVERSAL. Food items - Beauty is a question of form and color Household items is NOT IMPORTANT. Tools Handmade clockworks THE KINDS OF AESTHETIC RESPONSES ACCORDING TO KANT ARE: - Practice a craft and may through experience and aptitude reach the 1. Beauty results in pleasure if there expressive levels of an artist is order, harmony and symmetry; and - “Artisanal” is sometimes used in 2. Beauty leads to a response of awe describing hand – processing in what is that overwhelms the viewers of usually viewed as an industrial process the art. such as in the phrase artisanal mining - “Artisanal” sometimes used in ( KANTS PHILOSOPHY OF THE MIND AS marketing and advertising as a buzz EXPLAINED THROUGH ARTS) word to describe or imply some relation ARTISTS VS ARTISAN with the crafting of handmade food products, such as bread, beverages, or ARTIST cheese - Artiste in French a variant used in - Have traditionally been handmade, rural English only in this context; this use is or pastoral goods becoming rare - Commonly made on a larger scale with - The term is used to described writers automized mechanization in factories and other industrial areas - Engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art “Artisans” were the dominant producers depending on the expertise and artistic of consumer products before the inclinations of an artist Industrial Revolution ARCHITECTURE - In Greece, artisans were drawn to - Architecture is an art form that reflects agoras and often built workshops how we present ourselves across the nearby. earth’s landscape, and, like other VENN DIAGRAM: expressive mediums, it changes with styles, technologies and cultural adaptations. - is considered as the most functional of all the art forms - represents human ideals in buildings like courthouses and government buildings and manifestations of the spirit in churches and temples. - The Malacanang Palace, the Philippines’ THE ART FORMS: - The Cultural Center of the Philippines - ART refers to the theory, human SCULPTURE application and physical expression of creativity - an artistic form in which hard or plastic materials are worked into three- - Found in human cultures and societies dimensional art objects through skills and imagination - embodied in freestanding objects - Major constituents of the arts include: - An enormous variety of media may be Visual art those which are felt by used, including clay, wax, stone, metal, the senses (Architecture, fabric, glass, wood, plaster, rubber, and Ceramics, Drawing, Filmmaking, random “found” objects. Painting, Photography and Sculpting), Literature (Including - The Jose Rizal Monument in Rizal Park fiction, Drama, Poetry, and Prose), Performing arts (including dance, - the University of the Philippines music and theater), culinary arts Oblation in all UP campuses, (including cooking, chocolate - the Black Nazarene in the Minor making and winemaking) Basilica of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo - art serves as a vessel for storytelling district, Manila, Philippines. and conveying humankind's relationship PAINTING with the environment. - Painting is the application of pigments - One’s self-expression especially when to a support surface that establishes an inclined with arts may take various forms image, design or decoration - the term “painting” describes both the vocal pieces (such as songs without act and the result. instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and - along with drawing and sculpture, one instruments of the oldest creative media - the Philippine folk songs and the - Painting media are extremely versatile produced popular music of Filipino because they can be applied to many singers like Sarah Geronimo and Gary different surfaces (called supports) Valenciano to name a few. including paper, wood, canvas, plaster, clay, lacquer and concrete. THEATRE OR THEATER - Juan Luna’s Spolarium - a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, typically - Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci actors or actresses, to present the - The Fishermen by Ang Kiukok experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, DANCE often a stage. - Dance is the movement of the body in a - communicate this experience to the rhythmic way, usually to music and audience through combinations of within a given space, for the purpose of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the - Elements of art, such as painted movement itself scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, - Dance is a powerful impulse, but the art presence and immediacy of the of dance is that impulse channeled by experience. skillful performers into something that becomes intensely expressive - named by the word "theatre" as derived from the Ancient Greek théatron "a place - These two concepts of the art of for viewing", itself from theáomai, "to dance—dance as a powerful impulse and see”, “to watch", "to observe". dance as a skillfully choreographed art practiced largely by a professional few - Modern theatre includes performances of plays and musical theatre. - In dance, the connection between the two concepts is stronger than in some - ballet and opera are also theatre and other arts, use many conventions such as acting, costumes and staging - Tinikling and Subli, ballet, and modern - Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s dances to name a few. Dream and Romeo and Juliet, Victor MUSIC Hugo’s Les Miserables and the local theatrical presentations of Noli Me - an art form, and cultural activity, Tangere and chosen zarzuelas and moro- whose medium is sound. moro performances. - Music is performed with a vast range of LITERATURE instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there - is any body or collection of written are solely instrumental pieces, solely work - literature refers to writing considered to based on the learner’s be an art form or any single writing perception of it and its deemed to have artistic or intellectual aesthetic and cultural value value. - is classified according to whether it is fiction or nonfiction, and whether it is poetry or prose - oral or written and are also sometimes meant to be performed before an audience. - The Woman Who Had Two Navels by Nick Joaquin, Po-on by F. Sionil Jose, Myths, Legends and Folktales by Maximo D. Ramos and Stupid is Forever by the late Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago. APPRECIATING THE ARTS 1. Give a good physical description of the artwork based on their knowledge of art elements and materials; 2. Analyze the artwork in terms of what the artist wants his work to represent and the learner’s subjective reaction to the works which includes their thoughts and feelings; 3. Perceive the art work in the context of its history. This would enlighten the learners of the artist’s intention in doing the work and add to the understanding of the meaning the work is supposed to convey; 4. Give meaning to the artwork based on its description, analysis and context; and 5. Judge the artwork as to whether it is good or bad