ARC3811 W4- Overview Era of architecture profession.pdf

WEEK 4: ERA OF ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION 16 April 2024 ARC3811ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE Bachelor of Science in Architecture with Honours Semester 2 Session 2023/2024 TOPIC WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? THE ARCHITECT & THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE.. ARCHITE...

WEEK 4: ERA OF ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION 16 April 2024 ARC3811ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE Bachelor of Science in Architecture with Honours Semester 2 Session 2023/2024 TOPIC WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE? THE ARCHITECT & THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE.. ARCHITECT AS PROFESSIONAL 2 What is architecture?  “Architecture is a passion, a vocation, a calling – as well as a science and a business. It has been described as a social art and also an artful science.” ARTS SCIENCE HUMANITIES Artist Scientist Psychologist Painter Engineer Sociologist Sculptor Researcher Naturalist Dancer 3 What is architecture?  “While artists work from the real to the abstract, architects must work from the abstract to the real.” “Architecture, beneath all its limitations of engineering, safety, function, climate and economy, arouses us with designs in space and light achieved in the abstract” 4 What is architecture?  “Architecture is the built realisation of a particular concept or idea. This idea can be about construction, or the way people will use a building, or how the building fits into a physical, or a social, landscape. “ “ Architecture also has the power to inspire and delight- it can enhance everyday experiences.” 5 What is architecture?  From the Greek word ἀρχιτέκτων “arkhi” = chief “tekton”= builder “arkhitekton” = chief builder The term ‘architect’ has existed for many centuries; however, the architect as a recognised profession is a relatively modern concept. The term and what it represents have evolved through history to their current form, in which architects are seen as highly qualified and educated professionals. 6 What is architecture?  Vitruvius Pollio – often considered as the first recognizable ‘Architect’  A Roman author, architect, and civil and military engineer during the 1st century BC  His Theory of architecture: 3 Design principles - firmitatis, utilitatis, venustatis firmitatis utilitatis venustatis Durable Useful Aesthetics Solid Functional Beautiful stable Delightful 7 What is architecture?  "an architect should understand literature, excel in drawing and painting, master geometry, be well versed in history of many peoples, always seek advice from philosophers, appreciate music, not be ignorant of medicine, know various legal theories, and have knowledge of astrology or celestial theories.“ Vitrivius “Ten Books of Architecture” 1st Century BC 8  vitruvius says… firmness functional delightful sustainable 9 What is architecture?  primitive architecture 10 What is architecture?  “primitive hut”  Abbe Marc Antoine Laugier Teratak Semai The symbolic elements of Laugier's hut are simple: trees as columns. The tree-columns are rooted to the ground. They are alive. The foliage, although trimmed, provides a lush roof canopy. Simple, yet modern, it is a frame for living. The dweller fills in the rest. 11 The Primitive Hut Laugier places the origins of architectural forms in nature: the first dwelling was built in the forest, with branches and trees. This differs from the previous theories of Vitruvius in one important aspect: the hut is an abstract concept as much as it is a material construction. The Primitive Hut represents the first architectural idea. Shows beginnings of an understanding of column, entablature, and pediments. Future architecture is based on these principles. What is architecture? 13 The Architect & Theory of Architecture Leon Battista Alberti – Renaissance Roman Architect ▪De Re Aedificatoria ▪“beauty primarily as a matter of proportion” ▪Golden Means 14  The Architect & Theory of Architecture 2 1 Louis Sullivan 1 Form follows Function 2 Mies van der Rohe Less is More “minimalist” 3 Robert Venturi Less is a Bore 3 4 4 Le Corbusier A house is a machine to live in 15 Louis Sullivan- “even a brick wants to be something” 16 Mies van Der Rohe“Gods is in the details” 17 Robert Venturi “more is more” 18 Antoni Gaudi “architecture, nature, and religion” 19 Le Corbusier “5 points of architecture” Pilotis (pillars) Roof garden, Open floor plan, Long windows, Open facades 20 Other Best-Known Architect Imhotep ▪Ancient Egyptian architect ▪Designer of pyramid Frank Lloyd Wright - American Architect Le Corbusier– French Architect Frank Gehry– American Architect Sir Norman Foster – British Architect Zaha Hadid – Iraqian Architect 21 Architect as a professional What is a profession? Concept Of A Profession:- possesses a specialised knowledge and skills acquired after a course of intensive study and practical training, governs by a code of ethics and prevalent laws, self-regulatory and being subjected to disciplinary actions for misconduct and malpractice, responsible for his actions and conduct, and can be relied upon for his services to be delivered with dedication and diligence 22 Professional Footballers?? 23 Professional Basketballers?? 24 Other Professionals?? 25 Elements of Professionalism competence - possesses special skills to offer his services to his clients and society integrity - his engagement with his clients demands his utmost care and sound judgment to protect the interest of his client and the public honesty - in his professional dealings he may be entrusted with transactions which are worth millions of RM 26 Characteristics of a Profession 1. Unique and specific body of knowledge social, aesthetics, technical, legal, ethical 2. Specialised education typically a separate school in a university longer period of study 3. Associated jargons (specialised language) 4. Recognition with a legal title ‘Dr.’, ‘LLB’, ‘Ir.’, ‘Ar.’ 5. Need to be legally registered in order to offer services to others 27 Characteristics of a Profession 6. Regulatory organisation that governs and oversees a profession’s quality and standards Lembaga Arkitek Malaysia (LAM) Lembaga Jurutera Malaysia (LJM) Majlis Peguam Malaysia (BAR Council) 7. Continuing education continuing professional development (CPD) 8. Expertise and judgment theoretical and technical knowledge practical experience skills of the profession 28 Characteristics of a Profession 29 Characteristics of a Profession 30 Privileges of a Professional 1. Provision under the law to claim fees for his services 2. Attain special status in the eye of society 3. Respected by the public 4. Exclusivity however... with privileges come heavy responsibilities & life time liability…. 31 Players in the Construction Industry 1. CLIENT  with a dream, project brief, land & MONEY  single person, body corporate, Govt. etc..  the most important ever in an architect’s office  is not dependent on us…we are dependent upon them  is not an interruption of our work…he is the purpose of it. We are not doing him a favour by serving..he is doing us the favour by giving us the opportunity to do so..L.L. Bean 32 Players in the Construction Industry 2. AUTHORITIES  Local authorities e.g. DBKL, MBSA, MPK etc  Jabatan Bomba & Penyelamat Malaysia  Syabas, IWK, TNB etc..  Department of Civil Aviation, JKR, KTMB 33 Players in the Construction Industry 3. CONSULTANTS  Architect – designer, submitting person, lead consultant  Civil & Structural Engineer  Mechanical & Electrical Engineer  Quantity Surveyour  Landscape Architect, Interior Designer 34 Players in the Construction Industry 4. CONTRACTOR  Main Contractors  Nominated Sub-Contractors (NSCs) – electrical, air- conditioning, fire fighting, swimming pool specialist  Domestic Sub-Contractor – civil, structural, brick layers, tilers, glazing, plumbers etc..  Building Suppliers/ materials 35 Architect’s Role & Responsibilities Under… a) The Law b) Client-Architect Agreement c) The Building Contract 36 Architect’s Role & Responsibilities a) Under the Law… Act 117, Architects Act 1967 (amend. Apr. 2007) & Architects Rules 1973 Street Drainage & Building Act 1974 Uniform Building Bylaws (UBBL) 1984 Housing Developers Act 1966 & Regulations Town & Country Planning Act 1976 National Land Code (Act 56 of 1965) & Regulations Companies Act 1965..and a LOT more!!! 37 Architect’s Role & Responsibilities b) Under the Client-Architect Agreement… LAM’s Standard Form of Agreement Conditions of Engagement Contract Act c) Under the Building Contract… Agreement between Client - Contractor As an Agent of the Client Impartial in administrating the Contract Duty to Client as well as Contractor 38 THANK YOU 39