Theory of Architecture Lecture 1 PDF

THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE Architecture theory explores the principles and concepts behind the design and construction of structures, examining the philosophical, cultural, and historical aspects that influence architectural styles and practices. WHAT TO LEARN IN THE THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE  DEFINITI...

THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE Architecture theory explores the principles and concepts behind the design and construction of structures, examining the philosophical, cultural, and historical aspects that influence architectural styles and practices. WHAT TO LEARN IN THE THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE  DEFINITION ORIGIN ARCHITECTURE SATISFYING HUMAN NEEDS FUNCTIONAL, AESTHETIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ARCHITECTURAL FORM - SITE, STRUCTURE, MATERIALS, SERVICES. USE. CIRCULATION, EXPRESSION, CHARACTER, EXPERIENCE FORMAL VOCABULARY OF ARCHITECTURE GESTALT IDEAS OF PERCEPTION INTRODUCTION  POINT LINE PLANE FORM SPACE SHAPE PATTERN LIGHT COLOR SURFACE TEXTURE ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE  SPHERE CUBE PYRAMID CYLINDER CONE ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE- FORM  ENCLOSURE-INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CONTINUOUS SPACES – SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP AND ITS TYPES SPATIAL ORGANIZATION – CENTRALIZED, LINEAR,NRADIAL, CLUSTERED, GRID – BUILT FORM AND OPEN SPACE RELATIONSHIPS ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE- SPACE  PROPORTION SCALE BALANCE – SYMMETRY/ASYMMETRY RHYTHM AXIS HIERARCHY DATUM UNITY HARMONY DOMINANCE CLIMAX MOVEMENT CIRCULATION BUILDING APPROACH ENTRANCE – PATH CONFIGURATION FORM ORIENTATION PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE LECTURE PROPER LEND ME YOUR EARS! DEFINITION The word ‘theory’ is derived from the Greek ‘theorein’, which means ‘to look at” as in terms of ‘looking at’ a theatre stage, which may explain why sometimes ‘theory’ is used as something not completely resembling real. an ideal or hypothetical set of facts, principles, or circumstances. the general or abstract principles of a body of fact, a science, or an art. the analysis of a set of facts in their relation to one another. THEORY Architectural theory is the act of thinking, discussing, and writing about architecture. "Practice and theory are its parents. Practice is the frequent and continued contemplation of the mode of executing any given work, or of the mere operation of the hands, for the conversion of the material in the best and readiest way. Theory is the result of that reasoning which demonstrates and explains that the material wrought has been so converted as to answer the end proposed. Wherefore the mere practical architect is not able to assign sufficient reasons for the forms he adopts; and the theoretic architect also fails, grasping the shadow instead of the substance. He who is theoretic as well as practical, is therefore doubly armed; able not only to prove the propriety of his design, but equally so to carry it into execution.“ Vitruvius. ARCHITECTURAL THEORY The architectural theory tradition encompasses critical commentary on or explanations of architectural works or styles or movements; instructions or guidelines for architectural design; musings on the origins of building types or styles; and advocacy for new approaches to the architectural discipline and practice. ARCHITECTURAL THEORY This is the person who is very active in the field of Architecture criticism. Knowing about theorist and critics and how they see architecture is a key to building your own idea of architecture. THE THEORIST Criticism is the action of emitting a judgement over someone's work. Architecture criticism is a very important tool in theory of architecture, because it is the ground of what can be considered as the "common sense“ Very famous buildings are usually criticized by several important critics, and observing this can give us very important clues for building our own opinion. CRITICISM According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas. An equivalent in English would be: Durability (Firmness) :a building should stand up strongly and remain in good condition. Utility (Commodity) :it should be suitable for the purposes for which it is used. Beauty (Delight) :it should be aesthetically pleasing. THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURAL THEORY In the building of the dome of Florence Cathedral (Italy) in the early 15th Century. Filippo Brunelleschi transformed the building, the city, and the role and status of the architect. THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURAL THEORY  Vitruvius emphasized on the importance of history as a source of knowledge for the designer. The distinction between the history and theory of architecture did not emerge until the mid-18th century. It is impossible to discuss meaningfully the buildings of the past without discussing the ideals of those who built them, just as it is impossible to discuss the ideals of architects without reference to the structures they designed. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEORY AND HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE: as a discipline  GENERAL INFLUENCES INFLUENCES OF NATURE INFLUENCE OF MAN INFLUENCES ON ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN GENERAL INFLUENCES GENERAL INFLUENCES GENERAL INFLUENCES  DESIRE FOR PRESERVATION –structures/architecture Desire for recognition – prestige, social status intellectual attainment – palaces, skyscrapers, cathedrals DESIRE FOR RESPONSE – love, friendship, sociability – banquet halls, ball rooms, living rooms DESIRE FOR SELF=EXPRESSION – theaters, museums, gym, stadiums FORCES (stimuli to action) as RESULTING MANIFESTATIONS  CLIMATE – aids in giving to races their own particular traits which influences their architecture (warm or cold) TOPOGRAPHY – general terrain or contour of the surface of the entire country (mountains, deserts or seas) MATERIALS – gifts of nature for the structures of man ( limestone, marble, mahogany, clay, ore, etc INFLUENCES OF NATURE INFLUENCES OF NATURE - CLIMATE INFLUENCES OF NATURE - CLIMATE INFLUENCES OF NATURE - Topography INFLUENCES OF NATURE - Topography INFLUENCES OF NATURE - Materials INFLUENCES OF NATURE - Materials  SOCIAL CONDITIONS – interest of the people dictate the type and appearance of building a. Periods – different architectural characters in the different periods of architecture b. Man’s Personality – by his appearance, something is known of his interests from the type of house in which he lives c. Man’s Interest – activities and interest of man are directly responsible for the of architecture which he develops (house, factory, church) ECONOMIC CONDITIONS – nature of trade, commerce, industry, and agriculture determines to a large extent the occupations and standards of living within a particular country which influences the types of buildings erected and the materials used INFLUENCE OF MAN INFLUENCE OF MAN -Period INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Personality INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Personality INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Personality INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Personality INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Personality INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Personality INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Personality INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Personality INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Personality INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Personality INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Personality INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Interests INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Interests INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Interests INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Interests INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Interests INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Interests INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Interests INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Interests INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Interests INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Interests INFLUENCE OF MAN –Man’s Interests INFLUENCE OF MAN – Economic Conditions INFLUENCE OF MAN – Economic Conditions ARCHITECTURE: components & aspects of form ARCHITECTURE: components & aspects of form ARCHITECTURE: components & aspects of form ARCHITECTURE: components & aspects of form ARCHITECTURE: components & aspects of form ARCHITECTURE: components & aspects of form ARCHITECTURE: components & aspects of form ARCHITECTURE: components & aspects of form ARCHITECTURE: components & aspects of form ARCHITECTURE: components & aspects of form ARCHITECTURE: components & aspects of form GESTALT IDEAS FOR VISUAL PERCEPTION GESTALT IDEAS FOR VISUAL PERCEPTION GESTALT IDEAS FOR VISUAL PERCEPTION  Closure Common Fate Common Region Continuation Convexity Figure-Ground Proximity Regularity Similarity Symmetry Synchrony GESTALT THEORY: principles GESTALT THEORY: principles GESTALT THEORY: principles GESTALT THEORY: principles GESTALT THEORY: principles GESTALT THEORY: principles GESTALT THEORY: principles GESTALT THEORY: principles GESTALT THEORY: architecture – Ar. Tadao Ando GESTALT THEORY: architecture – Ar. Tadao Ando GESTALT THEORY: architecture – Ar. Tadao Ando GESTALT THEORY: architecture – Ar. Tadao Ando GESTALT THEORY: architecture – Ar. Tadao Ando  ASSIGNMENT MAKE YOUR OWN REPRESENTATION OF THE GESTALT THEORY. CHOOSE ONLY ONE THEORY. DRAW IT IN A LONG SIZE BOND PAPER. PLACE A 1” BORDER ON ALL SIDES OF THE BOND PAPER. YOU CAN CHOOSE YOUR MEDIUM.(pen & ink/color) GESTALT THEORY: architecture ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEM Architecture of Space and Structure experienced through movement in space-time achieved by means of a technology accommodating a program compatible with its context. THE ARCHITECTURE Organizational pattern, relationships, OF: hierarchy Space Structure Qualities of shape, color, texture, scale, Enclosure proportion Qualities of surfaces, edges and openings ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS EXPERIENCED Approach and entry THROUGH: Movement in Space-time Path configuration and access Sequence of spaces Light, view, touch, hearing and smell ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS  Structure and enclosure ACHIEVED BY MEANS OF: Environmental protection and comfort Technology Health, safety and welfare Durability ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS ACCOMMODATING A: User requirements, needs, aspirations Program Socio-cultural factors Economic factors Legal restraints Historical tradition & precedents ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS COMPATIBLE Site and environment WITH ITS: Climate: sun, wind, temperature and Context precipitation Geography: soils, topography, vegetation and water Sensory and cultural characteristics of the place ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS  Essential Elements of Architecture venust as “Architecture must meet the three requirements; utility, strength and utilita firmit beauty.” s as MARCUS VITRUVIUS POLLIO Roman architect, (80 -15 B.C.) 1. VENUSTAS (BEAUTY) – Aesthetics - it should be aesthetically pleasing. 2. UTILITAS (UTILITY) – Function - it should be suitable for the purposes for which is it used. 3. FIRMITAS (STRENGTH) – Durability - a building should stand up robustly and remain in good condition. Difference of Architecture and Engineering ARCHITECTURE ENGINEERING ARCHITECTURE is ENGINEERING is functional functional ARCHITECTURE is ENGINEERING is structurally sound structurally sound ARCHITECTURE is ENGINERING is beautiful economical Differences of Traditional and Modern Architecture TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE MODERN ARCHITECTURE  Different Aspects of Architecture 1. Space Planning 2. Interior Design 3. Landscape Architecture 4. Environmental Planning 5. Urban Design 6. City Planning  SPACE PLANNING The aspect of architecture and interior design that deals with the planning, layout design, and furnishing of spaces within a proposed or existing building. Different Aspects of Architecture  INTERIOR DESIGN The art, business, or profession of planning the design and supervising the execution of architectural interiors, including their color schemes, furnishings, fittings, finishes, and sometimes architectural features. Different Aspects of Architecture LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE The art, business, or profession of designing, arranging, or modifying the features of a landscape for aesthetic or practical reasons. Different Aspects of Architecture ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN The ordering of the physical environment by means of architecture, engineering, construction, landscape architecture, urban design and city planning. Different Aspects of Architecture URBAN DESIGN The aspect of architecture and city planning that deals with the design of urban structures and spaces. Different Aspects of Architecture  CITY PLANNING The activity or profession of determining the future physical arrangement and condition of a community, involving an appraisal of the current conditions, a forecast of the future requirements, a plan for the fulfillment of these requirements, and proposals for legal, financial, and constructional programs to implement the plan. Different Aspects of Architecture