AR240 Final Study Guide PDF

**LECTURE 18: SHAMANISM** **Shamanism**: Ancient religious system characterized by ecstatic trance, divine election, and the ability to act as intermediaries between humans and greater powers - - - Becoming a Shaman: - - Characteristics: - - - **Evidence of shamanism can...

**LECTURE 18: SHAMANISM** **Shamanism**: Ancient religious system characterized by ecstatic trance, divine election, and the ability to act as intermediaries between humans and greater powers - - - Becoming a Shaman: - - Characteristics: - - - **Evidence of shamanism can be found in painted pottery and burial sites of Banpo (Yangshao) and Majiayao cultures, human-like figures + skeletons** - ← Animal like faces on Liangzhu jades - - **Jade Cong Tubes** - interpreted as symbolic of the connection between the human and spiritual worlds **Axis mund**i: "world axis" that connects the human world with the heavens **LECTURE 20** - **Shang Oracle Bones:** Scapulimancy - on cattle scapula or shoulder blades Plastromancy - turtle plastron shells **Divination involved numerous steps:** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. - Writing on other materials: - - - **LECTURE 22, 23** Panlongcheng (Wuhan) - - **Taotie** - depicted as a zoomorphic or stylized face, characterized by large, staring eyes and a wide, gaping mouth. The design is commonly found on ritual vessels, especially the *ding* (tripod cauldrons) and *gu* (wine vessels), as well as on jade carvings and other artifacts. Ge (halberd) - "dagger axe" in jade Yue axes - panlongcheng - possibly used for battle, executions, simply a symbol of power **Xin'gan (Jiangxi)** - - - - - - - **Sanxingdui (Chengdu)** - - - - - Pit 1 → 3 ramps, 400+ artifacts, Burnt animal bone, scorched objects Pit 2 → No ramps, 1300 artifacts, 67 elephant tusks, 4600 cowries - **Jinsha Site (Chengdu)** - - - - **Gold was rare in the Bronze Age but Jinsha and Sanxingdui both have a number of gold objects.** - - **LECTURE 24: Western Zhou** - - - - - - - - - - - - - **LECTURE 25: EASTERN ZHOU** Military transformation: - - - - - - - - - Building of extensive defensive walls by some states during Eastern Zhou Improved military: - - - - - - - Lost Wax Casting - Complex model first carefully carved in wax. Then it is covered with clay and heated to make mold. - - **LECTURE 26: CHU CULTURE** - Lacquer: - - - **Xibeigang tomb** - Excavation of the tomb of a Chu aristocrat and his wife (horses and chariot pits present) Discovery of Tomb of Marquis Yi of the state of Zeng - - - - - - - Tomb of Lady Dai (Mawangdui) - - - **LECTURE 27:** **Dian culture AKA SHIZHAISHAN (Yunnan):** - - - - ← Chunyu bell - - - - **LECTURE 32: QIN: CHINA'S BURIED ARMIES OF CLAY** - Qin Shihuangdi - - - Standardization of... - - - - - Dark Side of Qin Emperor: - - - - - Afang Palace (one of 200 palaces built at Xianyang) - - - Jade burial suits - - **LECTURE 33:** **Yangzi River Gorges** - **Three Gorges Dam hydropower project:** - - - **South to North Water transfer project** - **LECTURE 35** **Cultural Property Implementation Act - import restrictions on archaeological or ethnological material** UNESCO Convention (1970) - Should we prohibit the illicit import, export, and transfer of ownership of cultural property? LECTURE 36: Maritime archaeology: studies human interaction with oceans, lakes, and rivers through physical remains such as ships, coastal facilities, port-related structures, cargoes, human remains, and underwater landscapes "Catastrophic event" provides something of a time capsule: everything on board a sunken ship dates from the same moment in time when it sank - Belitung wreck - - Bronze vessel types: Jia ----------------- ----------------------- Jue  Ding Fang Ding  Dou Gu  Zun Fang Yi  Guang (or Gong) Max Loehr: Style 1: associated with the early period of the Shang dynasty - - Style 2: middle period of shang - - Style 3: late period of shang - - -