Introduction To Nursing Theories PDF

Welcome to the Kolehiyo ng Lungsod ng Dasmariñas INTRODUCTION TO NURSING THEORIES  How did theory development evolve in Nursing What are these? Fact Hypothesis Idea Assumption Concept Theory Conceptual Theoretical Framework Framework  Fact...

Welcome to the Kolehiyo ng Lungsod ng Dasmariñas INTRODUCTION TO NURSING THEORIES  How did theory development evolve in Nursing What are these? Fact Hypothesis Idea Assumption Concept Theory Conceptual Theoretical Framework Framework  Fact something that is seen happening or existing an empirical observation  Idea a group of interrelated facts an image or formulation of something imagined and visualized, of something vaguely assumed, guessed or sensed out of related facts or observations a person’s conception of what is the best example of something  Concept a word or cluster of words describing an object, idea or event an abstraction based on observation of certain behaviors or characteristics describes the essence of a thing  Concept Concrete/empirical concept specific to time and place observable Abstract concepts independent of time or place indirectly observable/not observable Example: Being being a teenager What it is What it is not a normal peer’s acceptance and rejection transition being human possessions like car, clothes, search for etc. identity mood swings uniqueness of personality  Conceptual Framework set of interrelated concepts or interrelated abstractions that are assembled concepts that together in some relational serve as building scheme by virtue of their blocks of relevance to a common theme theories  BEING A TEENAGER CONCEPT CONCEPT CONCEPT OF CONCEPT OF OF GROWING PHYSIOLOGICAL PERSONALITY PROCESS ONCECONCE PT OF OF GROWING PERSONALI PT OF TY CONCEPT OF GROWING GROWING  Hypothesis a statement of a temporary educated predicted stand or guess relationships prediction or between two or guess while the more variables, investigation subjected to goes on testing in empirical studies Assumption basic principles that are accepted as being true on the basis of logic or reason without proof or verification  Theory a formal statement a group of related concepts that that is constructed propose actions that guide in order to organize practice ideas & explain event a systematic way of looking at the world in order to describe, explain, predict and control it  Nursing Theory an organized and systematic articulation of a set of statements related to questions in the discipline Theoretical Framework a set of interrelated theories that organizes the direction of a research endeavor/scientific inquiry Classroom Group Activity MATERIALS: INSTRUCTIONS: Cut out pictures from 1.Cut 5 to 10 pictures from magazines magazines/a magazine and paste Scissors them on a Manila paper. Try to arrange them in a manner that will Permanent marker exhibit relatedness. Manila paper 2. Choose 1 representative from Glue/ paste your group to share your output to the class. a. Explain the relationship of each picture. b. If your output is to become a theory, how will you call it? Components of a Theory 4 PURPOSE 4 STRUCTURE & LINKAGES CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS 5 ASSUMPTIONS THEORETICAL STATEMENTS 6 MODELS Components of a Theory explains why the theory PURPOSE was formulated and specifies the context and situations in which it should be applied Components of a Theory Concepts are logistic labels that are assigned to objects or CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS events. Definition defines the concept in relation to other concepts and permits the description and classification of phenomena. Components of a Theory statements about the THEORETICAL relationship between two STATEMENTS or more concepts and are used to connect concepts to devise the theory Components of a Theory The structure of a theory provides overall form to the theory. 4 STRUCTURE & LINKAGES Theoretical linkages offer a reasoned explanation of why the variables in the theory may be connected in some manner Components of a Theory The assumptions of a 5 ASSUMPTIONS theory are based on what the theorist considers to be adequate empirical evidence to support propositions, on accepted knowledge, or on personal beliefs or values. Components of a Theory schematic representation of some aspect of reality Theoretical models represent 6 MODELS the real world through language or symbols and directional arrows. Example for components of theory: PURPOSE OF THEORY: “ to explain the experiences of people across the lifespan who encounter ongoing Theory of disparity because of significant loss” Chronic Sorrow CONCEPTS: (see framework)  LIFE SPAN LOSS EXPERIENCE CHRONIC SORROW Ongoing Pervasive DISPARITY Single event Permanent Periodic Potentially progressive TRIGGER Theoretical EVENTS MANAGEMENT METHODS Model of Chronic Internal External Effective Sorrow Ineffective Increased comfort Discomfort Theory of Chronic Sorrow DEFINITIONS OF CONCEPTS: Chronic sorrow the periodic recurrence of permanent, pervasive sadness or other grief-related feelings associated with ongoing disparity resulting from a loss experience Loss experience a significant loss, either actual or symbolic, that may be ongoing, with no predictable end, or a more circumscribed single-loss event (All concepts are defined.) Theory of Chronic Sorrow THEORETICAL STATEMENTS/PROPOSITIONS: 1. Disparity between a desired relationship and an actual relationship or a disparity between current reality and desired reality is created by loss experience. 2. For individuals with chronic or life-threatening illnesses, chronic sorrow is most often triggered when the individual experiences disparity with accepted norms (social, developmental, personal). Theory of Chronic Sorrow STRUCTURE AND LINKAGES: (evident in the framework) ASSUMPTIONS: not stated MODEL: Characteristics of a Theory 1. Theories can interrelate concepts in such a way to create a different way of looking at a particular phenomena. 2. Theories must be logical in nature. 3. Theories should be relatively simple yet generalizable. Characteristics of a Theory 4. Theories can be the bases for hypothesis that can be tested. 5. Theories contribute to and assist in increasing general body of knowledge within the discipline through the research implemented to validate them. Characteristics of a Theory 6. Theories can be utilized by the practitioner to guide & improve their practice. 7. Theories must be consistent with other validated theories, laws & principles but will leave open unanswered questions that need to be investigated.  Purposes of Nursing Theories In education Theory clarifies the central meanings and improves the status of the profession. In research Theory sets limits on what questions to ask and what methods to use to pursue answers to the questions.  Purposes of Nursing Theories In Clinical Practice guides research provides the nurse with goals for assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. a tool that renders practice more efficient, more effective, and goal directed Language of theory provides us with common grounds for communication and with labels and definitions for phenomena Professional autonomy and accountability are enhanced by theory use in practice.  Crimean War: Florence Nightingale as a volunteer nurse How it all began in Nursing… Nursing as a Science owes much of its research-orientedness to the systematic works of Florence Nightingale  Florence Nightingale May 12, 1820 - August 13, 1910 St. Thomas Hospital, London “Birth of Modern Nursing” 1900 nursing - strong emphasis on practice  “Curriculum Era” “Nursing as “academic discipline” “Theory Era” “Research Era”  1800, “nursing knowledge was distinct from medical knowledge” 1950, “emergence of nursing as a science” 1970, “research revealed that nursing lacked conceptual connections & theoretical framework” 1980, nursing theory was developed body of nursing science for research, education, administration & practice continuous to expand  Nursing Paradigm patterns or models used to show a clear relationship among the existing theoretical works in nursing Conceptual paradigm in every nursing theory MAN ENVIRONMENT HEALTH NURSING METAPARADIGM  Metaparadigm global perspective of a discipline Nursing that identifies the primary metaparadigm: phenomena of interest to that embodies the discipline and explains how the knowledge base, discipline deals with those theory, philosophy, phenomena in a unique manner research, practice, and educational experience and literature identified with the profession.  Specific theories of Nursing evolved through the years…. THANK YOU Inst. Rowena A. Manaor,RN Instr. Frederick Ercia, RN Assoc Prof. Gaudymer Lopez,RN