1-INTRO TO NURSING THEORIES.pdf

Theoretical Foundations in Nursing Introduction to Nursing Theories What is Nursing to you? History of Nursing Theory It all began with Florence Nightingale. She envisioned nurses as a body of educated women at a time when women were neither educated or employed in public service. World’s Fa...

Theoretical Foundations in Nursing Introduction to Nursing Theories What is Nursing to you? History of Nursing Theory It all began with Florence Nightingale. She envisioned nurses as a body of educated women at a time when women were neither educated or employed in public service. World’s Fair in Chicago – The first national gathering of nurses in1893 American Journal of Nursing (AJN) - The first national organ of communication for nurses in October 1900  4 Historical Eras Curriculum Era: What should nurses need to learn to be a nurse? Standardized curriculum was established in mid 1930s. Research Era: More nurse leaders embraced higher education and arrived at common understanding of the scientific age (Mid-century). Graduate Education Era: Master’s degree programs in nursing emerged. Development of nursing knowledge was a major force during this period. Theory Era: Proliferation of Nursing Doctoral Programs from the 1970s. Introduction of new programs and theory development. Curriculum Eraa Addressed the question of what prospective nurses should study in order to learn how to be a nurse Research Era Came about as more nurses embraced higher education Research was perceived as the path to new knowledge Graduate Education Era Education Era Master’s degree in Nursing emerged Include a courses in concept development or nursing theory Theory Era Research without theory produced isolated information Doctoral educ flourished with emphasis on theory development Utilization EraUtilization Era Restores the centrality of nursing practice and recognizes theory and research as tools of practice rather than ends in themselves.  Historical Eras of Nursing’s Search for Specialized Knowledge Historical Eras Major Question Emphasis Outcomes Emerging Goal Curriculum What curriculum Courses included in Standardized Develop specialized Era: content nursing programs curricula knowledge and 1900 to 1940s should student for diploma programs higher nurses education study to be nurses? Research Era: What is the focus for Role of nurses and Problem studies and Isolated studies do 1950 to 1970s nursing research? what studies of nurses not to research yield unifi ed knowledge  Historical Eras of Nursing’s Search for Specialized Knowledge Historical Eras Major Question Emphasis Outcomes Emerging Goal Graduate Education What knowledge is Carving out an Nurses have an Focus graduate Era: needed for the advanced important education 1950 to 1970s practice of nursing? role and basis for role in health on knowledge nursing practice care development Theory Era: How do these There are many Nursing theoretical Theories guide 1980 to 1990s frameworks ways to works shift the focus nursing guide research think about nursing to the patient research and practice and practice? Middle-range theory Nursing theory may be from Nursing frameworks Theory What new theories guides quantitative produce knowledge Utilization Era: are needed to produce research, practice, or qualitative (evidence) for quality Twenty-first evidence of quality education, and approaches care Century care? administration At the beginning of the twentieth century, nursing was not recognized as an academic discipline or a profession. The accomplishments of the past century led to the recognition of nursing in both areas. Nursing Theory Development For any profession to exist and to be of service to society, it must have an extensive base of knowledge and proper means to communicate. Nursing Theory Development Provider the core structure that gives direction and purpose to those who practice it. EDUCATION Primarily used to develop and guide nursing education in universities and institutions Curriculum was built based on recognized nursing models EDUCATION Prepares the students for practice as members of the professional community. Research Inspired from theoretical assumptions or conceptual frameworks Evolution of technology, ideas and emerging nursing issues provide answers to questions r/t practice Clinical practice Guides critical thinking and decision making in clinical nursing practice Strengthen professional independence by guiding the deepest and most important part of their practice Interdependence of Theory and Research Nursing practice Nursing theory Nursing research Interdependence of theory and research “practice without theory, like map without route is blind; theory without practice like route without map, is empty” Research and Theory R – Validates and modifies theory NR – Stimulate nurses to explore significant problems in the field of nursing. T – Explain the relationship between phenomena. Results of R – used to verify support or disprove proposition. Theory and Practice T – guides Practice T- Give insights, provision of goals, diagnosis, and intervention on Nursing practice T – renders an efficient, effective and improved client care Research and Practice R – key to development of a discipline Nurse practitioner who wants to develop expertise must participates in research. Nurses is encourage to test and redefine theories and models – to develop own personal models of practice The Meaning of a Discipline and a Profession Discipline is specific to academe and refers to a branch of education, a department of learning or a domain of knowledge Profession refers to a specialized field of practice, founded upon the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline and accompanying practice abilities. On reflection, has the influence of Florence Nightingale benefit the modern day of nursing? Why?