Social Stratification PDF

TO MY CLASS  1. examine the At the end of the 2. explain government concept, programs andand lesson, the learner 3. 5.4.conduct show suggest sympathy aways characteristics, toto researc...

TO MY CLASS  1. examine the At the end of the 2. explain government concept, programs andand lesson, the learner 3. 5.4.conduct show suggest sympathy aways characteristics, toto research those initiatives onaddress forms of thewho in experience social stratification given topic. will be able to: addressing inequalities; inequality; system social using inequality; sociological perspectives; STRATIFICATION  STRATIFICATION is a hierarchy of positions with regard to economic production which influences the social rewards to those in the positions. Stratified society - society in which divisions of social classes exist. Characteristics of Social Characteristics Stratification of Social Characteristics Stratification of Social Stratification  There is no society on this world which is free from 1. Stratification is stratification. Universal.  One's education, property, power, experience, character, personality etc. are found to be more important 2. Stratification is than biological social. qualities.  The forms of stratification are not uniform in all societies. In the modern world class, caste and estate are the general forms of stratification. Every society, past or present, big or small 3. It is in diverse is characterized by diverse forms of forms. social stratification.  Stratification system is very old. It was present even in the small 4. Stratification is wondering ancient. bonds.  Social stratification has two important consequences, one is "life chances" and the other one is "life style". A class system not only affects the "life-chances" of the individuals but also their "life style".. 5. Social Life-style may be viewed as a sub-culture in which stratification is one stratum differs from another within the consequential. framework of a commonly shared over-all culture. The Functionalist View of Stratification 1. Main Principles of Structural Functionalism Each part of the society exists because it has a vital function to perform in maintaining the existence or stability of society as a whole. Societies are complex systems of interrelated and interdependent parts and each part of a society significantly influences the others.  The tendency of society is toward stability, harmony, or equilibrium, in other words toward balance. Overall, the assumption of functionalism is that all social structure contribute to the maintenance of the system and the existence of any given structure is explained by means of its consequences 2. Functionalism on Stratification: (the Davis-Moore Thesis)  Stratification, Some rewards Control of Talented and Social trained or unequal are not access to distribution of functionally training by positions individuals are rewards determined have scarce because ensures that powerful acquisition of at all, but varying the most rather must be and training and talented and understood privileged degrees of skills requires trained within people to be groups functional sufficiently individuals will the context of creates fulfill the social wealth importance motivated to roles of artificial pursue them. ownership and. greatest institution of scarcity of importance inheritance. talent.. Conflict View of Stratification 1. According to conflict theory, capitalist economic competition unfairly privileges the rich who have the power to perpetrate an unfair system that works to their advantage. 2. Losers" who are at the bottom of the social stratification have little opportunity to improve their situation, since those at the top tend to have far more political and economic power. 3. Functionalists argue against the conflict theory approach by contending that people don't always act out of economic self-interest, and that people who want to succeed can do so through hard work. 4. Conflict theory asserts that social problems occur when dominant groups mistreat subordinate ones, and thus advocates for a balance of power between genders. 5. Fredrich Engels compared the family structure to the relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, suggesting that women had less power than men in the household because they were dependent on them for wages. 6. Men, like any other groups with a power or wealth advantage in Conflict Theory, fought to maintain their control over resources (in this case, political and economic power). 7. Conflict theory of stratification holds that inequality is harmful to society because it creates a fixed system of winners and losers. Three - Component Theory of Stratification  The three-component theory of stratification, more widely known as Weberian stratification or the three class system, was developed by German sociologist Max Weber with class, status and party as distinct ideal types. Weber developed a multidimensional approach to social stratification that reflects the interplay among wealth, prestige and power. Weber argued that power can take a variety of forms. A person's power can be shown in the social order through their status, in the economic order through their class, and in the political order through their party. Thus, class, status and party are each aspects of the distribution of power within the community. Class, status and power have not only a great deal of effect within their individual areas but also a great deal of influence over the other areas. Wealth: includes property such as buildings, lands, farms, houses, factories and as well as other assets - Economic Situation Prestige: the respect with which a person or status position is regarded by others - Status Situation Power: the ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from others - Parties Forms of Social Stratification 1. Caste is a hereditary endogamous social group in which a person’s rank and its accompanying rights and obligations are ascribed on the basis of his birth into a particular group. 2. Estate system or feudalism of medieval Europe provides another system of stratification which gave much emphasis to birth as well as to wealth and possessions. 3. Slavery is the most life-threatening form of legalized social inequality. Enslaved individuals are owned or regarded as property by other people. 4. Class system is a social rank based on economic position whose achieved characteristics can influence social mobility.  Classification of Movement from one Social Class to another a. Vertical An example of vertical mobility Mobility-change in is a factory status worker who enrolls in college that leads to the and becomes an change in position. international businessman. a. Vertical An example of vertical mobility Mobility-change in is a factory status worker who enrolls in college that leads to the and becomes an change in position. international businessman. An example of horizontal mobility b. Horizontal Mobility is a high school -transition from one student who quits his job as a social group to paperboy to start another but of the an internship at a local company. same level.  Intergenerational c. Inter-generational social mobility is evident as the Mobility children have -one generation improved their socio-economic changes its social status compared to status from previous that of their parents through education generation. and career advancement. For instance, they may begin as a junior employee in a company d. Intra-generational and, over the years, get promoted to higher Mobility- positions with more responsibility and higher -mobilization takes pay. This upward mobility occurs within the place in life span of individual's own lifetime, demonstrating their ability one generation. to improve their social and economic standing during their career.  For instance, a e. Absolute Mobility person born into a lower-income family -living standards has the opportunity in a society have to receive a quality education, secure a changed. well-paying job, and enjoy a higher standard of living than their parents. Imagine a person born into a lower-income f. Relative family. Despite facing challenges, they Mobility-movemen manage to improve t from their economic status through hard work and one social class in education. However, at the same time, others comparison to in society are also another class. experiencing upward mobility. Government Programs and Initiatives to Address Inequalities 1. KALAHI- CIDDS (Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan) Comprehensive Delivery of Social Services is a poverty alleviation program of the National Government implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).  The KALAHI- CIDDS aims to address poverty and promote social development by providing a comprehensive and integrated approach to delivering social services to marginalized communities.  The KALAHI- CIDDS program focuses on community-driven development, empowering local communities to identify their needs and participate in the planning and implementation of projects that address those needs. It is part of the Philippine government's efforts to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life for its citizens. 2. Conditional Cash Transfer or 4 Ps The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a human development measure of the national government that provides conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor, to improve the health, nutrition, and the education of children aged 0-18. Key Features of the 4Ps Program: a. Cash Transfers: Beneficiary households receive regular cash grants from the government to help them meet their basic needs, such as nutrition, health, and education. Key Features of the 4Ps Program: b. Conditionalities: The cash transfers are conditional upon the beneficiaries meeting certain requirements. These conditions typically include regular health check-ups for pregnant women and children, as well as school attendance for children. Key Features of the 4Ps Program: c. Targeting the Poor: The program targets the poorest households in the country, identified through a comprehensive and transparent targeting system. Priority is given to households with pregnant women and young children. Key Features of the 4Ps Program: d. Health and Education Component: The program aims to improve health and education outcomes among the poor by incentivizing families to prioritize healthcare and education for their children. 3. Health Insurance Program (Philhealth) The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) was created in 1995 to implement universal health coverage in the Philippines. This social insurance program provides a means for the healthy to pay for the care of the sick and for those who can afford medical care to subsidize those who cannot. Ways to Reduce Global Inequality 1. Stop Illicit Outflows. Illicit financial flows (IFFs) are illegal movements of money or capital from one country to another. GFI (Ground Financial Integrity) classifies this movement as an illicit flow when funds are illegally earned, transferred, and/or utilized across an international border. 2. Progressive Income Tax A tax system that is progressive applies rates to higher levels of income. For the U.S. the individual income tax has rates that range from 10 percent to 37 percent. This design leads to higher-income individuals paying a larger share of income taxes than lower-income individuals. 3. A Global Wealth Tax Wealth tax was a charge levied on the total or market value of personal assets. Also known as capital tax or equity tax, wealth tax was imposed on the richer sections. A net wealth tax deducted liabilities from an individual's wealth, primarily mortgages and other loans. 4. Enforce a Living Wage. A living wage refers to a theoretical income level that allows an individual or family to afford adequate shelter, food, and other basic necessities. 5. Workers’ Right to Organize. Most non-governmental workers have a federal right to organize on the job. That means workers can try and improve their job conditions by coming together to form their own organization (a union). 6. Stop Other Labor Abuses. The term sweatshop refers to a factory that is guilty of some sort of labor abuse or violation, such as unsafe working conditions, employment of children, mandatory overtime, payment of less than the minimum wage, abusive discipline, sexual harassment, or violation of labor laws and regulations. 7. Open and Democratic Trade Policy A free trade agreement is a pact between two or more nations to reduce barriers to imports and exports among them. Under a free trade policy, goods and services can be bought and sold across international borders with little or no government tariffs, quotas, subsidies, or prohibitions to inhibit their exchange. 8. A New Economics New economy is a buzzword to describe new, high-growth industries that are on the cutting edge of technology and are believed to be the driving force of economic growth and productivity. Atticus Finch Thank You!