Varieties and Registers of Spoken and Written Language PDF

Varieties and registers of spoken and written language  Learning Outcomes 1. Determine culturally-appropriate terms, expressions, and images (sensitivity to gender, race, class, etc.) 2. Adopt cultural awareness and sensitivity in communication of ideas...

Varieties and registers of spoken and written language  Learning Outcomes 1. Determine culturally-appropriate terms, expressions, and images (sensitivity to gender, race, class, etc.) 2. Adopt cultural awareness and sensitivity in communication of ideas 2  Lesson 3B outline: 1. Language Varieties 2. Language Registers 3  a. language varieties 4  What is a variety? A variety refers to any variant of a language which can be sufficiently delimited from one another. ✘ Social ✘ Historical ✘ Spatial ✘ Or a combination of these 5  Varieties of language 1. Pidgin - is a new language which develops in situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but do not share a common language. - A lexifier is a particular language where the vocabulary of a pidgin comes from. Examples: ✘ Nigerian pidgin ✘ Bislama (spoken in Vanuatu) 6  Varieties of language 2. Creole - is a pidgin that becomes the first language of the children and the mother tongue of a commuinity. Examples: ✘ Gullah ✘ Patwa (Jamaican creole) ✘ Pidgin (Hawai’I Creole English) 7  Varieties of language 3. Regional Dialect - is not a distinct language but a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country. Examples: ✘ Hillbilly English (from the Appalachians in the USA) ✘ Geordie (from the Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK) 8  Varieties of language 4. Minority Dialect - is a variety used as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety, by the members of a particular minority ethnic group. Examples: ✘ African American Vernacular English in the USA ✘ London Jamaican in Britain ✘ Aboriginal English in Australia 9  Varieties of language 5. Indigenized Varieties - are spoken mainly as second languages in ex-colonies with multilingual populations. Examples: ✘ Singlish (spoken in Singapore) 10  b. language registers 11  What is a register? According to Nordquist (2018), a register is: - defined as the way a speaker uses language differently in different circumstances - determined by factors as social occasion, context, purpose, and audience - determine the vocabulary, structure, and some grammar in one’s writing and even in one’s oral discourse. 12  5 distinct registers (nordquist, 2018) 1. Frozen - it refers to historic language or communication that is intended to remain unchanged, like a constitution or a prayer. Examples: The Holy Bible, The United States Constitution, The Bhagavad Gita, and Romeo and Juliet 13  5 distinct registers (nordquist, 2018) 2. Formal - is used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained. Slang is never used and contractions are rare. Examples: a TED talk, a business presentation, the Encyclopedia Brittanica, and Gray’s Anatomy by Henry Gray 14  5 distinct registers (nordquist, 2018) 3. Consultative - is used in conversation when they are speaking with someone who has specialized knowledge or who is offering advice. Tone is often respectful (use of courtesy titles), but may be more casual if the relationship is longstanding or friendly. Examples: the local TV news broadcast, an annual physical examination, a service provider like a plumber 15  5 distinct registers (nordquist, 2018) 4. Casual - is used when they are with friends, close acquaintances and co-workers, and family. Examples: a birthday party, a backyard BBQ 16  5 distinct registers (nordquist, 2018) 5. Intimate - is reserved for special occasions, usually between only two people and often in private Examples: an inside joke between two college friends or a word whispered in a lover’s ear 17  language registers are classified as: 1. Formal Language Register - is more appropriate for professional writing and letters to a boss or a stranger - is impersonal, meaning, it is not written for a specific person and without emotion Examples: a. business letters b. letters of complaint 18 Examples: c. some essays d. reports e. official speeches f. announcements g. professional e-mails 19 Rules in formal writing: A. Do not use contractions. cannot instead of can’t have not instead of haven’t is not instead of isn’t B. Spell out numbers less than one hundred. nineteen twenty-two seventy-eight six 20 C. Write in third person point of view. avoid using the following: I you we us D. Avoid using too much passive verbs. Passive: The bone was eaten by the dog. Active: The dog ate the bone. E. Avoid using slang, idioms, exaggeration (hyerboles) and clichés. awesome/cool check it out ok/okay 21 F. Avoid abbreviations and acronyms. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Department of Education (DepEd) influenza (flu) Philippine Pesos (PhP) G. Do not start sentences with words like, and, so, but, also. Here are some good transition words and phrases to use in formal writing: Nevertheless However As a result of Additionally In addition Although H. Always write in complete sentences. I. Write longer, more complex sentences. 22  language registers are classified as: 2. Informal Language Register - is conversational and appropriate when writing to friends and people you know very well. Examples: a. personal e-mails d. friendly letters b. phone texts e. most blogs c. short notes f. diaries and journals 23 There are no major rules to informal writing but you can include things such as: a. slangs and cliches i. jokes b. figurative language j. personal opinions c. symbols and abbreviations k. extra punctuation d. acronyms l. passive and active voice e. incomplete sentences f. short sentences g. first person, second person POV h. paragraphs or no paragraphs 24  language registers are classified as: 3. NeutralLanguage Register - is not necessarily formal or informal. - is used to delvier facts. Examples: a. reviews d. some letters b. articles e. technical writing c. some letters 25 as smc student, How will the varieties and register of spoken and written language be applied to: 1. SMC core values (FAITH, SERVICE, EXCELLENCE) 2. Family, friends, and to the society; 3. Course 26 quiz 27  Varieties and registers of spoken and written language