Day 6 Islam - Introduction To World Religions And Belief Systems PDF

DAY 6 ISLAM INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS  THE MUSLIM ISLAM RELIGION ISLAMIC CUSTOMS AND RELIGION ISSUES AND CHALLENGESIN ISLAM THE MUSLIM RELIGION BASIC FACTS OF THE MUSLIM RELIGION ...

DAY 6 ISLAM INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS  THE MUSLIM ISLAM RELIGION ISLAMIC CUSTOMS AND RELIGION ISSUES AND CHALLENGESIN ISLAM THE MUSLIM RELIGION BASIC FACTS OF THE MUSLIM RELIGION  THE MUSLIM BASIC FACTS OF RELIGION THE MUSLIM Population : 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide (2015) Projection RELIGION for 2060 is 2.9 billion Type : Monotheistic religion (There is only one God but Allah ) Duties and ways of worship : Five Pillars Sacred Text/s : Quran/ Hadith Place of Worship : Mosque ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM THE BEGINNING Muhammad ibn Abdallah A 40-year-old merchant and trader with an honorable reputation Lives in Mecca (city of clans and tribes) ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT ARCHANGEL OF ISLAM GABRIEL While meditating, Archangel Gabriel appeared before him Asked to read messages ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM A MESSAGE FROM GOD Muhammad was convinced they were messages from God ORIGIN AND THE BIRTH OF DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM ISLAM After 2 years of receiving messages, he started preaching Called the religion, Islam Islam literally means “submission” ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM THE THREAT Quran only appealed to the poor and the needy The wealthy wanted to persecute him ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT “HIJRA” OF ISLAM Together with the Muslim community, they journey from Mecca to Medina This was called “hijra” which literally means “emigration”. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT “HIJRA” OF ISLAM Muhammad knew to establish peace he must go back to Mecca Journey back was called, “Hajj”, or pilgrimage One of the Five Pillars MAJOR BELIEFS OF ISLAM MAJOR BELIEFS OF ISLAM BELIEF IN THE ONENESS OF GOD “There is no god but God” (la ilaha illa’Llah), and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. Allah (creator of all things, omniscient, omnipotent) MAJOR BELIEFS OF ISLAM BELIEF IN THE BOOKS OF GOD First statement of the Quran : “ In the name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful.” MAJOR BELIEFS OF ISLAM BELIEF IN THE BOOKS OF GOD Quran - revelations of God to Prophet Muhammad Hadith - compilation of stories and principles of the Prophet MAJOR BELIEFS OF ISLAM BELIEF IN THE PROPHETS OR MESSENGERS OF GOD Prophets - a bridge between God and humans Final prophet of God - Prophet Muhammad  DAY 6 ISLAMIC CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS MAJOR PRACTICES AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM Shahadah (Declaration of Faith) Salat (Prayer) Zakat (Charity) Sawm (Fasting) Hajj (Pilgrimage) MAJOR PRACTICES AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS  SHAHADAH (DECLARATION OF FAITH) “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger.” It is the introductory statement of the Islamic faith. MAJOR PRACTICES AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS  SHAHADAH (DECLARATION OF FAITH) When Muslims recite this, they proclaim that the one true God is Allah, and that Muhammad is his prophet; that they wholeheartedly accept this as true; and MAJOR PRACTICES that they will submit to all the AND DUTIES OF commitments of Islam. MUSLIMS  SALAT (PRAYER) Pray five times a day (at specific times). Clean and wash first before praying. Face the direction of the city of Mecca. MAJOR PRACTICES AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS  SALAT (PRAYER) Salat al-fajr dawn, before sunrise Salat al-zuhr midday, after the sun passes its highest Salat al-'asr the late part of the afternoon Salat al-maghrib just after sunset MAJOR PRACTICES Salat al-'isha between sunset and midnight AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS  ZAKAT (CHARITY) charity work for the poor and the needy requires Muslims to give back 2.5% of their accrued wealth a form of worship and self- purification MAJOR PRACTICES AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS  ZAKAT (CHARITY) Aside from helping the poor, the following are other benefits of the Zakat: obeying God assisting a person to acknowledge that everything comes from Allah on loan and that we do not own anything MAJOR PRACTICES ourselves believing that whether we are AND DUTIES OF rich or poor is God's choice MUSLIMS  SAWM (FASTING) occurs during the lunar month of Ramadan Ramadan – honor the day when the Quran was first revealed to Muhammad abstain from food, drinks, sexual acts, and immoral acts MAJOR PRACTICES AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS  SAWM (FASTING) he following are good reasons for fasting according to Islam: obeying God learning self-discipline becoming spiritually stronger appreciating Allah's gifts sharing the sufferings and developing sympathy for the MAJOR PRACTICES poor AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS  SAWM (FASTING) The following are good reasons for fasting according to Islam: realizing the value of charity and generosity giving thanks for the Holy Quran, which was first revealed in the month of Ramadan sharing fellowship with other MAJOR PRACTICES Muslims AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS  HAJJ (PILGRIMAGE) From the Quran : “People are ordered to make the pilgrimage to the House (2:158) at appointed times (2:189). In addition to pilgrimage, they should complete “visitation” (‘umra), which has similar rites but can be performed at other times of the MAJOR PRACTICES year (2:196–97).” AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS  HAJJ (PILGRIMAGE) During the Hajj, certain regulations need to be followed. The Hajjis (pilgrims) are not allowed to do the following: be involved in marital relations cut their nails use cologne or scented oils bathe using scented soaps MAJOR PRACTICES kill or hunt anything AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS  HAJJ (PILGRIMAGE) During the Hajj, certain regulations need to be followed. The Hajjis (pilgrims) are not allowed to do the following: fight or argue (as for women) cover their faces though they do so in their home country MAJOR PRACTICES (as for men) wear clothes with stitching AND DUTIES OF MUSLIMS OTHER CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS HALAL AND HARAM (LAWFUL AND FORBIDDEN) Halal are things that are sacred and done to honor Allah. Haram are forbidden things. Halal meat depends on the way it was brought up and how it was slaughtered from the given verse from the Quran. OTHER CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS  HALAL AND HARAM (LAWFUL AND FORBIDDEN) Specific criteria in killing an animal: The one who slaughters must be a Muslim. The animal must be slaughtered with a precise cut to its throat, severing its carotid artery, trachea, and jugular veins. OTHER CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS  HALAL AND HARAM (LAWFUL AND FORBIDDEN) Specific criteria in killing an animal: The slaughter must be carried out with the use of a razor- sharp knife to ensure a quick death and that the animal dies as quickly as possible. The animal must be hung upside OTHER CUSTOMS down to allow all the blood to drain. AND TRADITIONS  HALAL AND HARAM (LAWFUL AND FORBIDDEN) Some types of haram food are the following: alcohol pork or pork-by-products animals that died of: natural disaster strangulation OTHER CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS  MARRIAGE: PROHIBITIONS Prohibited to you [for marriage] are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father's sisters, your mother's sisters, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters, your [milk] mothers who nursed you, your sisters through nursing, your wives' mothers, and your step- daughters under your guardianship [born] of your wives unto whom you OTHER CUSTOMS have gone in. AND TRADITIONS  MARRIAGE: PROHIBITIONS But if you have not gone in unto them, there is no sin upon you. And [also prohibited are] the wives of your sons who are from your [own] loins, and that you take [in marriage] two sisters simultaneously, except for what has already occurred.1 Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful. [Quran 4:23] OTHER CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS  MARRIAGE: MEN HAVING MULTIPLE WIVES And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then [marry only] one or those your right hands possess [i.e., slaves]. That is more suitable that you may not incline [to injustice]. [Quran 4:3] OTHER CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS  DEATH, FUNERAL, BURIAL, AND THE AFTERLIFE Worldly experience is only the test of God. One must pass the test for future eternal happiness. "Everyone shall taste death. And only on the day of resurrection shall you be paid your wages in full. And whoever is removed away from the fire and admitted to paradise, this person is indeed successful. The life of this world is only the enjoyment OTHER CUSTOMS of deception." [Quran:3:185] AND TRADITIONS DEATH, FUNERAL, BURIAL, AND THE AFTERLIFE Funerals and burials are usually held as soon as possible after death. The dead must be buried and never cremated. OTHER CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS DEATH, FUNERAL, BURIAL, AND THE AFTERLIFE The following are some Islamic death, funeral, and burial practices: Flowers are inappropriate at a Muslim funeral. Men and women sit separately at the funeral service, and women's heads and arms must be covered. Grievers will walk in silence to the burial place. Bodies are usually buried in covertures, without a casket, OTHER CUSTOMS with the head pointing toward AND TRADITIONS Mecca. DEATH, FUNERAL, BURIAL, AND THE AFTERLIFE The following are some Islamic death, funeral, and burial practices: After the funeral, families will mourn for three more days, and some will have get-togethers where food and drinks are served. Bringing simple food and meals to the family in mourning is allowed. Recording devices of any kind OTHER CUSTOMS are permitted. AND TRADITIONS DEATH, FUNERAL, BURIAL, AND THE AFTERLIFE The following are some Islamic death, funeral, and burial practices: The period of mourning for most families is three days; for a new widow/widower, the period of grief is four months and ten days. Some Muslim sects mourn for 40 days; during that time, the family wears black. The widow/widower wears black for a year, although the OTHER CUSTOMS anniversary of the death is not AND TRADITIONS otherwise observed.  DAY 6 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN ISLAM INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN ISLAM  MARRIAGE a mutual contract THE ROLE OF A man must take care of his WOMEN IN ISLAM wife or wives. “Mohammed legislated that wives as well as husbands could initiate divorce.” (Cornelio, Calano, and Sapitula 2016, 57) a mutual contract A man must take care of his wife or wives. “Mohammed legislated that wives as well as husbands could initiate divorce.” (Cornelio, Calano, and Sapitula 2016, 57)  SOCIAL LIFE Men and women have the same religious duties. THE ROLE OF Women are to focus on domestic life. Women are not allowed to pray with men inside the WOMEN IN ISLAM mosque during the Friday prayer.  Feminist movements vary in Muslim communities. Some fight for the right to education, voting rights, and equal career opportunities. Some fight against the injustice of Sharia law. FEMINISM AND GENDER EQUALITY “Education is education. We should learn everything and then choose which path to follow. Education is neither Eastern or Western, it is human.” FEMINISM AND GENDER EQUALITY Some Muslim women are empowered by the teachings of Islam. THE GREAT DIVIDE BETWEEN SUNNI AND SHIA MUSLIMS  SUNNI MUSLIM The successor of Muhammad must be the one who will uphold the principles of Islam. They chose Abu Bakr as the successor. SHIA MUSLIMS The successor of Muhammad must come from his bloodline. THE GREAT DIVIDE They chose Ali as te BETWEEN SUNNI AND successor. SHIA MUSLIMS TERRORISM  TERRORISM It involves the threat and actual TERRORISM use of violence against civilians to bring about political, social, and economic change. Irhab is the Arabic word for “terrorism.” It is derived from arhaba, meaning “to frighten,” “to strike with fear,” or “to terrify.” It never appears in the Quran, but the holy book is used to justify the acts. TERRORISM QURAN VERSE USED TO JUSTIFY TERRORISM: “Against them make ready your strength to the utmost of your power, including steeds of war, to terrify (yuri bhuna) thereby the enemies of God, your enemies, and others whom you do not know, but God knows.” (8:60)  QURAN VERSE USED TO TERRORISM JUSTIFY TERRORISM: “But when these months, prohibited (for fighting), are over, slay the idolaters wherever you find them, and take them captive or besiege them, and lie in wait for them at every likely place. But if they repent and fulfill their devotional obligations and pay the zakat, then let them go their way, for God is forgiving and kind.” (Surah 9:5) TERRORISM TERRORISM IS NOT ISLAM It is now discouraged to incorporate Islam with terrorism, for doing so does not consider the rest of the Muslim population that still upholds the true meaning of Islam, which is “peace.” MUSLIM DISCRIMINATION MUSLIM MUSLIM DISCRIMINATION IN DISCRIMINATION THE US “Anti-Muslim prejudice has several roots, including a thousand-year- old European Christian bias against Islam and nineteenth- century American racism and xenophobia.” (Martin 2004, 710) MUSLIM MUSLIMS USUALLY DISCRIMINATION EXPERIENCE DISCRIMINATION IN: schools (educational system) workplaces (career opportunities) public places like parks, malls, etc. DAY 6 ACTIVITY ASYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY VIA GOOGLE FORM WILL BE POSTED IN THE GOOGLE CLASSROOM.