Islamic Religion PDF

# Islam Religion ## Founder - Muhamiriad Sahab - Birth - 570 AD - Place - Mecca - Mother - Ameena - Father - Abdulla - Acquisition of knowledge - In a Talib. - NOTE- Muhammad Sahab was brought up by his uncle Abu-Talib. - His father belonged to Qureshi community. - Cave named as ‘Hira...

# Islam Religion ## Founder - Muhamiriad Sahab - Birth - 570 AD - Place - Mecca - Mother - Ameena - Father - Abdulla - Acquisition of knowledge - In a Talib. - NOTE- Muhammad Sahab was brought up by his uncle Abu-Talib. - His father belonged to Qureshi community. - Cave named as ‘Hira’. - At the age of 40. - Titles - Paigamber, nabi, Rasool, - Al-Ameen. - First Sermon - Khadijah [Begum of Muhammad Sahab] - Hizrat - 16 July, 622 AD, [Journey from Mecca to Madeena]. - Death- 632 AD. - Biography - Naat-&-Muhammadi [compiled by Barani] - Muhammad Saheb was head of Both religion and Politics. - Islam is a monotheistic religion. - It has 5 Pillars - - (1) Kalma - Believe in Allah, Believe in Messenger of Allah. - (2) Namaz - According to Muhammad Sahab, each Muslim should offer Namaz five times daily. - (i) fazo (before dawn) - (ii) Dhuhr (At noon) - (iii) Asr (In late afternoon) - (iv) Maghrib (At sunset) - (V) Isha (At night) - NOTE:- It is mandatory for all Muslims to fast (Roza). - (3) Zakat - Voluntary donation. Each Muslim believing in Allah should donate 1/40th part (12.5%) of their total property per year. - NOTE: It is permissible for all Muslims to offer Namaz. - (4) Roza - Fasting for Allah. - (5) Hajj - Pilgrimage trip to Mecca. ## Islamic State - The Muslims community considers the Islamic state to be a religious state. - Quran is considered as the Constitution of the state. - The Islamic state must be in accordance with the Shariyat ## Parts of Islamic State - (1) Caliph - The successor of Prophet Muhammad Shahab, were called as Caliph. They were considered a representative of god. He was recognized as the leader of Islam. - NOTE:- Muhammad Sahab did not appoint any successor. In a general assembly of Islamic people, Abu Bakr was elected the first Caliph. - Dynasty - Ummaid Dynasty. - A total of 18 Khalifas were extinguished in the lineage. - He made Madinah his capital. - (2) Sultan - There is no mention of a Sultan with Sultanate in the Sharia laws. - When the Islam started spreading in Countries outside Arabia, it was not possible for the Caliph to handle direct governance in all place. - The caliph appointed the Sultan to handle the administration. - The Sudan obtained a formal letter from the Caliph to establish their authority as a legitimate Islamic power. - Opposing the sultan was considered equivalent to opposing Islam. - (3) Amir - Islamic administrative officer who was responsible for the administrative system was called Amir or Umra. - (4) Ulema - Islamic religious leaders are called Ulema. - (5) Millat - The united Muslim brotherhood is called Millat. Millat is used to elect the Sultan. - NOTE- In Islam, Sultan occupies the second position after the Caliph. ## Islam in India - The first Islamic followers to come to India were Arabs. - Came from Arab. - Arrived to the Malabar coast as traders. - They married the women of India and the children born from them were called Moplahs. - NOTE: There is a proof in a letter of 875 AD that the ruler of Madurai gave shelter to Arabs. - The Turkey is considered to fully establish the Islamic state in India. - The Islam religion got divided into two parts after death of Muhammad Sahab- - Shia - Shia are those who believe in Muhammad sahab’s Son-in-law, Ali. - Sunni - Sunni’s are those who accepted Abu Bakr as the successor of Prophet Muhammad after his death. They believe Muhammad Sahab. - Attack of Arabs on India (on Indus)- in 636 AD. - The first attack of Arabs on India was on Thane, Bombay (Place)! during the reign of Caliph Umar. The attack was unsuccessful. ## Second attack - in the first decade of 8th Century - - 711 AD, By Ibn-Al-hari, Al-Bahit, Un-successful - 711 AD - won a city of Indus, Makran. The route India was clear now. - Sindh ( In the first decade of 8th Century), rule of Brahmin dynasty. - Founder - King Chach, Son- Dahir. - NOTE- During the reign of king Dahir of Sindh, few Arbian Ships sheeps were looted by the Pirates, the Dewal (a city in Sindh). - This incident was considered as the current reason of arab attack at that time. - The governor of Iraq demanded for the compensation the loot from the ruler of Sindh, Dahir. - Dahir denied for giving compensation. - Al-Hazaz demanded permission from the Caliph of Arab to attack on Sindh. - Wahid was a caliph from Umyyad dynasty granted permission to AL- Hazzaz. - Al-Hazzaz sent 3 commander -in chief one by one. - (i) Ubayaidullah - 711 AD - Unsuccessful. - (ii) Bardul - 711 AD - Unsuccessful. - (iii) Muhammad Bin Qasim - 711-1712 - Successful. ## Muhammad - Bin - Qasim -f111-712 AD) - for Attack in december, 711 AD, left with Arab’s army to attack on Sindh. - Camels + horse riders + stone throwers. - Rasim was helped by Jaat - angry Buddhist community. - Attack - 1st - Attack on Debal - was Successful. - Qasim imposed Jizyo tax first time in Debal. - 2nd Nirun, Sehwan, Sisham - was Successful. - 3rd Rabar - was Successful (20 June 712 AD) - Dahir died here fighting. - After defeat of Dahir, his widow wife Ranibai took the lead but after loosing she Committed Jauhar. - 4th Brahmanism - was successful. Jaysing, son of king Dahir, accepted Islam after loosing. - 5th Alor - was successful. This was the capital of Wahir - 6th -Multan - was successful (713 AD) - The traders of Multan and Sicca accepted communally Qasim as their ruler. - Multan was last victory of Muhammad-Bin- Qasim. - Multan got the most gold. - Multan - That is why named as gold city. ## Death of Muhammad-Bin- Qasim - - in 715 AD. - Caliph wahid sentenced to death. - NOTE- Dahir has two daughter from her Second wife, surya, Parmal. - Muhammad - Bin-Qasim sent Surya and Parmal as gifts to Caliph Wahid. But, they told Caliph that Qasim already married them both. - Due to this, Caliph sentenced to death to Qasim. - Muhammad Bin Qasim appointed Junaid as governor during his return from Sindh. ## Impact of Arab attack on India- - (i) Camel rearing started. - (ii) farming of date started. - (iii) Arabs introduced Dirham Coin in Sindh. - (iv) Arabs accepted Indian numbers. - (v) Established a city named Mahfooz. - (vi) ‘Hindu’ word is firstly used by the Arab. on bank of Indus river. - (vii) translated the Charak Sanhita and Panchtantra into Arabic.