Science 10 Physics Component: Formation of Stars and Planets PDF
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This document provides information about the formation of stars and planets, including topics like electromagnetic radiation, protostars, and angular momentum and galaxy formation . It is part of a physics module.
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19/09/2024 MODULE 3: Formation of Stars and Planets PHYSICS COMPONENT 75 75 76 76...
19/09/2024 MODULE 3: Formation of Stars and Planets PHYSICS COMPONENT 75 75 76 76 1 19/09/2024 STAR FORMATION Nebula ⚬ Clouds of hydrogen and helium collect to create areas of high density 77 77 PROTOSTAR Core of collapsing molecular cloud Temperature is not enough for fusion to happen 78 78 2 19/09/2024 PROTOSTAR Circumstellar disc Protostellar disc Protoplanetary disc Inner temperature rises to millions of degrees, enough for nuclear fusion to occur 79 79 ANGULAR MOMENTUM L=mvr ⚬ Mass of the rotating body ⚬ Rotational velocity ⚬ Distance of mass from rotation axis 80 80 3 19/09/2024 81 81 ANGULAR MOMENTUM The spinning matter contain a large amount of angular momentum How can this dense amount of clouds collapse? ⚬ Clouds can randomly collide ⚬ The shockwave from the death of a star ⚬ UV radiation and stellar winds 82 82 4 19/09/2024 STAR FORMATION T Tauri Star ⚬ Stellar wind is channeled through its poles Protostellar Jets ⚬ Ejected along the rotational axis 83 83 STAR FORMATION Herbig-Haro Object ⚬ Herald the arrival of a newly forming star 84 84 5 19/09/2024 STAR Spherical furnace of plasma Nature of stars depends on its mass 85 85 GALAXIES 86 86 6 19/09/2024 FORMATION OF GALAXIES One giant gas cloud will form billions of stars Quasar ⚬ Quasi-stellar object ⚬ As something falls into the black hole, it emits an unbelievable amount of energy 87 87 FORMATION OF GALAXIES Multiple black holes can collide and merge Galactic cannibalism 88 88 7 19/09/2024 GALAXIES 89 89 GALAXIES 90 90 8 19/09/2024 91 91 FIRST STARS Population III ⚬ Low metallicity Population II ⚬ Intermediate metallicity Population I ⚬ High metallicity 92 92 9 19/09/2024 CLASSIFICATION OF STARS Color classes Surface temperature ⚬ White (A-D) ⚬ Harvard system ⚬ Yellow (E-L) ⚬ Red (M) ⚬ Deep red (N) 93 93 TEMPERATURE OF STARS Wien’s law We can analyze the light we receive from a star and correlate it with a particular temperature 94 94 10 19/09/2024 Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram (H-R diagram) 95 95 TEMPERATURE OF STARS Mass-luminosity relationship Red Giant and White Dwarf 96 96 11 19/09/2024 97 97 LOW MASS STAR Jeans mass Red giant phase ⚬ Nuclear fusion ⚬ Energy generated radiates outward and pushes the outer core Hydrogen > Helium > Carbon > Oxygen > Neon > Magnesium > Sulfur > Silicon > Iron 98 98 12 19/09/2024 LOW MASS STAR Horizontal branch ⚬ Once helium is used up Asymptotic giant branch ⚬ The star will grow rapidly ⚬ Planetary nebula White dwarf star 99 99 HIGH MASS STAR Inward force is much stronger Hotter temperature 100 100 13 19/09/2024 101 101 102 102 14 19/09/2024 103 103 STAR SYSTEMS Binary systems Multi-star system Star cluster Isolated stars 104 104 15 19/09/2024 BINARY SYSTEMS Disc fragmentation The other star can collect materials from the other Nova 105 105 MILKY WAY GALAXY Barred spiral galaxy containing 200-400 billion of stars 100,000 light years in diameter and 1,000 light years thick Satellite galaxies 106 106 16 19/09/2024 MILKY WAY GALAXY Contains population II stars 107 107 SOLAR SYSTEM Orion arm Planetesimals ⚬ The numerous impacts generate lots of heat, which keep planets molten 108 108 17 19/09/2024 109 109 111 111 18 19/09/2024 112 112 113 113 19
