Science 10 - Planetary and Star Formation PDF

Module 3 – Planetary and Star Formation Instructor: Jericho Mascariña Orion Orion Nebula Nebula – ionized / neutral gas and cosmic dust Nursery for stars Star-forming regions Is bright enough without a telescope Interstellar Space Interstellar molecular clouds...

Module 3 – Planetary and Star Formation Instructor: Jericho Mascariña Orion Orion Nebula Nebula – ionized / neutral gas and cosmic dust Nursery for stars Star-forming regions Is bright enough without a telescope Interstellar Space Interstellar molecular clouds Region where abundant opaque clumps of very cold gas and dust can be found. Contains primordial leftovers from the formation of the galaxy, detritus from stars, Raw ingredients for future stars and planets. Gases become molecular – atoms bind Horsehead nebula – small dark nebula in the constellation Orion  Part 1 – Disturbance and Accumulation Clumps of dust and gas are disturbed by gravity/force of a nearby celestial body. Clumps reach a mass threshold. Clump collapse onto itself Has enough gravity to collect more material The rapidly-moving giant star Zeta Ophiuchi produces a shock wave in the interstellar dust, as seen in this infrared image from NASA's Spitzer Space onto itself Telescope. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech Part 2 – Core Creation An unimaginable amount of hydrogen gas has been collected. All this gas bumping and compressing into one another causes the temperature to rise. Till it reaches about 10 million degrees Celsius Part 3 – Star Stabilization For a star to exist, it must be stable enough. There must be a balance between gravity wanting to draw more materials (to the center) and radiant energy (EMR) wanting to move away (from the center) Protostars are formed. Protostar After a star stabilizes, it will still be surrounded with remnants of clouds (dust and gas) from where it was formed. In general, larger stars have shorter lives. (They still live for billions of years, don’t be sad) Fates of Stars Star Life Cycle Novae White dwarf stealing gas from nearby companion star. Nova occurs Supernova spaghettification The fate of our Sun (Sol) The fate of our Sun (Sol) End Fate of Stars Dust and debris left behind by novae and supernovae blend with surrounding interstellar cloud to form new stars. Taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, Pillars of creation – elephant trunks of interstellar dust and gas in the Eagle nebula, in the Serpens Constellation Formation of our Solar System Nebular Theory – solar system was formed from a giant swirling cloud of gas and dust. Some event caused the clouds to move. As the clumps collapse (inward pull), GPE is converted to heat, spins faster and flattens Parallel with centrifuge Building the Planets Condensation Elements and compounds solidify, depending on the temperature Building the Planets Frost line Building the Planets Accretion – small grains stick with each other via electromagnetic force When they are massive enough, gravity starts attracting to form planetesimals Building the Planets Planetesimals Combine near the sun to form rocky planets. (Terrestrial) Combine beyond the frostline to form icy planets. (Jovian) Visualize Dear Class, Thank you for your patience and diligence while learning from me! Enjoy the rest of the Science 10. Next Professors will have their own set of rules. Quiz Any piece of paper Questions (The Big Bang Theory) 1. The study of the development of the universe 2. The scientist who was burned at the stake 3. The 2 spacecrafts sent to observe Jovian Planets 4. The theory that was later rejected due to the Big Bang Theory being more sound 5. How to make plasma? 6. The first force to branch out of the grand unifying force Questions (Standard Model) 7. The experiment that proved the existence of positively-charged particles 8. Atomic model by JJ Thompson 9 - 14. Give 4 flavors of quarks Questions (Planetary and Star Formation) 15. Cosmic material made up of gas and dust 16. Region where abundant opaque clumps of very cold gas and dust can be found. 17. Gas that doesn’t condense anywhere 18. Group of planets formed near the Sun 19. The fate of our sun 6 billion years from now 20. Name one Jovian planet BONUS: FULL NAME OF YOUR INSTRUCTOR  1. Cosmology 2. Giordano Bruno 3. Voyager 1 and 2 4. Plasma Universe Theory / Plasma Cosmology 5. Ionizing Radiation / Bombard with Electrical Discharge 6. Gravity 7. Gold Foil Experiment 8. Plum Pudding Model 9 – 14. Up, down, top , bottom, strange, charm 15. Nebula 16. Interstellar Molecular Clouds 17. Hydrogen / Helium 18. Terrestrial 19. White Dwarf 20. Jupiter , Saturn, Uranus , Neptune Full Name : Jericho Mascariña