Appendicular Skeleton Anatomy PDF

Human Skeleton Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Appendicular Skeleton: Consists of approximately 126 bones in 4 major groupings: Pectoral girdle. Upper extremity. Pelvic girdle. Lower extremity. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Pectoral Girdle A aches upper extremity to the body. More mobile than othe...

Human Skeleton Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Appendicular Skeleton: Consists of approximately 126 bones in 4 major groupings: Pectoral girdle. Upper extremity. Pelvic girdle. Lower extremity. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Pectoral Girdle A aches upper extremity to the body. More mobile than other animals but easier to dislocate. Scapula and clavicle. Clavicle a aches medially to the sternum and laterally to the scapula. Sternoclavicular joint. Acromioclavicular joint. Scapula ar culates with the humerus. Humeroscapular or shoulder joint Easily dislocated because of its loose a achment. tt ti tt tt Dr. Ali Mohammed Clavicle (collar bone) S-shaped bone, a ened dorsoventrally. Inferior surface marked by muscle & ligament a achments. Sternal end is rounded -- acromial end is a ened. Thickened in those who do heavy manual labor. Easily and o en broken. tt fl ft tt Dr. Ali Mohammed tt fl Human skeleton Human skeleton Clavicle (collar bone) Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Scapula (shoulder blade) Triangular plate that dorsally overlies ribs 2 to 7. Spine ends as acromion process. Coracoid process for muscle a achment. Glenoid fossa is shallow socket for head of humerus. tt Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Scapula (shoulder blade) Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton The Scapula (shoulder blade) Glenoid cavity ar culates with the humerus. Acromium ar culates with clavicle. Coracoid process projects anteriorly. ti ti Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Scapula Features Borders and angles (3 each). Fossas (3). Spine. Processes (acromion and coacoid). Glenoid cavity. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Upper Extremity 30 bones per limb. Brachium or arm contains the humerus. Antebrachium or forearm contains the radius & ulna (radius on thumb side). Carpus or wrist contains 8 small bones arranged in two rows. Manus or hand contains 19 bones in 2 groups. 5 metacarpals in the palm. 14 phalanges in the fingers. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Humerus Hemispherical head forms shoulder joint (humeroscapular) above anatomical neck. Muscles attach to greater & lesser tubercles and deltoid tuberosity. Rounded capitulum articulates with radius. Pulleylike trochlea articulates with ulna. Olecranon fossa holds olecranon process of ulna. Forearm muscles attach to medial & lateral epicondyles. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Humerus Right/Left. Head and necks (epiphyseal line). Tubercles (2). Deltoid tuberosity. Shaft. Condyles (trochlea and capitulum). Epicondyles (medial and lateral). Fossas (coronoid and olecranon). Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Radius Head is disc that rotates freely during pronation & supination, Articulates with the capitulum. Radial tuberosity for biceps muscle. Ulna Olecranon and trochlear notch form proximal end. Radial notch holds head of ulna. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Radius Head. Radial tuberosity (biceps). Styloid process. Ulna Trochlear notch. Processes (olecranon and coranoid). Head. Styloid process. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Carpal Bones Form the wrist. Allows flexion, extension, abduction & adduction. 2 Rows of 4 bones each. 1- proximal row is scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum & pisiform. 2- distal row is trapezium, trapezoid, capitate & hamate.  Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Metacarpals and Phalanges Metacarpals Are bones of the palm. Base, shaft & head. Numbered I-V. Phalanges Are bones of the fingers. Thumb or pollex has proximal & distal phalanx. Fingers have proximal, middle & distal phalanx. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Proximal row first, then lateral to medial Some (scaphoid). Lovers (lunate). Try (triquetrum). Posi ons (pisiform). That (trapezium). They (trapezoid). Can't (capitate). Handle (hamate). "SOME" IS UNDER THE THUMB ti Dr. Ali Mohammed Pelvic girdle Human skeleton Pelvic girdle Composed of 2 bones: right & left os coxa Transmits weight from upper body to legs & protects viscera. Each os coxae is joined the vertebral column at sacroiliac joint. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Pelvic girdle Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Comparison of Male & Female Female Less massive. Shallower pubic arch greater. Than 100 degrees. Pubic inlet round or ova. Male Heavier. Upper pelvis nearly vertical. Coccyx more vertical. Pelvic inlet heart-shaped. Outlet smaller. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Os Coxa (Hip Bone) Acetabulum and obturator foramen. Ilium Is superior portion. Iliac crest and iliac fossa. Greater sciatic notch contains sciatic nerve. ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS. Pubis Is anterior portion. Body, superior and inferior ramus. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Ischium Is posterolateral portion. Ischial tuberosity bears body weight. If we sitting. Ischial spine (separates greater and lesser sciatic notch). lesser sciatic notch lies between ischial spine & tuberosity. Ischial ramus joins inferior pubic ramus. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Dr. Ali Mohammed - Human skeleton Femur Nearly spherical head & constricted neck. ligament to fovea capitis Greater & lesser trochanters for muscle attachment. Medial & lateral condyles and epicondyles found distally. Smooth patellar surface on anterior femur. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Femur Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Patella, fibula and Tibia patella Patella is triangular sesamoid bone. Tibia Is thick, strong weight-bearing bone. Om medial side of leg. Broad superior head with 2 flat articular surfaces. Medial & lateral condyles. Separated by intercondylar eminence. Distal expansion is medial malleolu. s Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton The Ankle and Foot Tarsal bones are shaped & arranged differently from carpal bones due to load-bearing role of the ankle. Talus is most superior tarsal bone. - Forms ankle joint with tibia & fibula. - Sits upon calcaneus & articulates with navicular. Calcaneus forms heel (achilles tendon). The distal row of tarsal bones in foot consists of four bones: the cuboid bone, the medial cuneiform bone, the intermediate cuneiform bone, and the lateral cuneiform bone. Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton The foot Remaining bones of foot are similar in name & arrangement to the hand. Metatarsal I is proximal to the big toe (hallux) - base, shaft and head. Phalanges 2 in big toe proximal and distal. 3 in all other toes proximal, middle & distal.  Dr. Ali Mohammed Human skeleton Dr. Ali Mohammed