Appendicular Skeleton 2 Joints Handouts PDF

MEDI 101 Human Structure and Function I Appendicular Skeletal System Lecture 2 - Joints Hassaan A. Rathore, PhD Associate Profess...

MEDI 101 Human Structure and Function I Appendicular Skeletal System Lecture 2 - Joints Hassaan A. Rathore, PhD Associate Professor College of Pharmacy Where are we as per syllabus?  Learning outcomes At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Name the three major categories of joints Compare the amount of movement allowed by each joint. Identify the types of synovial joints (based on shape of articulating bones) and types of movements occur at each. Give one example for each type of the above joints Describe the homeostatic relationships between the skeletal system and other body systems. Describe different types of fractures & bone healing Why are joints present in our body? A joint is a site where 2 or more bones come together (articulate). Stability (cranium) Support movement Classification of joints(structurally& functionally) JOINTS Fibrous Joints Cartilaginous joints Synovial joints (synarthrosis) (amphiarthrosis) (diarthrosis) Non-movable Slightly movable Freely movable Primary Sutures Synchondroses Hinge Joined by Pivot hyaline cartilage Syndesmosis Secondary Condylar Symphyses Plane/gli Gomphoses Joined by fibrocartilage ding Present in pubic Saddle symphysis Ball & socket Classification of joints 1. Fibrous Joints (synarthrosis) (non-movable) The articulating surfaces of bones are joined by fibrous tissue. Barely movable or non-movable. Examples: a. Skull sutures b. Inferior tibiofibular joint (syndesmosis) c. Periodontal ligament (gomphosis)  Classification of joints 2. Cartilaginous Joints (amphiarthrosis): (slightly movable) a. Primary cartilaginous joints (synchondrosis): The bones are united by a plate or bar of hyaline cartilage. Examples: The union between the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones, and the union between the first rib and manubrium sterni. b. Secondary cartilaginous joints (symphysis): The bones are united by a plate or bar of fibrocartilage and the articular surfaces are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage. Examples: Pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs.  Cartilaginous Fibrous joint / Joints / Synarthrosis Amphiarthro Suture sis Synovial 1ry cartilaginous (multiaxial) (Synchondrosis) 2ry cartilaginous Synovial (Intervertebral (uniaxial) discs) Synovial (biaxial) 2ry cartilaginous (Symphysis) Fibrous joint Synovial joints / Syndesmoses Diarthrosis  Classification of joints 3. Synovial Joints (diarthrosis): - Freely movable joints The articular surfaces of bones are covered by hyaline cartilage separated by a joint cavity. The cavity of the joint is lined by synovial membrane. The articular surfaces are lubricated by a synovial fluid. Fluid-filled sacs (bursae) can be found in some joints. They reduce friction between rubbing structures. Synovial fluid main composition: Water