AP History 1920s Study Notes PDF

**The 1920s study notes** **END OF WORLD WAR ONE** - - 1. - - - 2. - - - - - - - Bloody Saturday - - - - - - Violent August Greece neutrality in WW1 caused issues for the CAD government. Immigrants who were against Britain were locked up, but G...

**The 1920s study notes** **END OF WORLD WAR ONE** - - 1. - - - 2. - - - - - - - Bloody Saturday - - - - - - Violent August Greece neutrality in WW1 caused issues for the CAD government. Immigrants who were against Britain were locked up, but Greece neutrality let Greeks be free to live & work. - - - - - - - - - - **THE ROARING TWENTIES AND THE DIRTY THIRTIES** - - - 1. - - - 2. - - - People adopted new attitudes towards life: - - - - **THE GROWTH OF THE ECONOMY** - when soldiers returned home, labor wages increased causing a reaction in the economy making lots of inventions, and large monetary flow in investments, stock, and credit. The Roaring Twenties was a decade of economic growth and widespread prosperity, driven by recovery from wartime devastation and deferred spending, a boom in construction, and the rapid growth of [consumer goods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_good) such as automobiles and electricity in North America and Europe and a few other developed countries such as Australia.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaring_Twenties#cite_note-18) The economy of the United States, successfully transitioned from a [wartime economy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_economy) to a peacetime economy, boomed and provided loans for a European boom as well. Some sectors [stagnated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_stagnation), especially farming and coal mining. The US became the [richest country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita) in the world per capita and since the late-19th century had been the largest in total GDP. Its industry was based on [mass production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_production), and its society acculturated into [consumerism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerism). [European economies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Europe), by contrast, had a more difficult postwar readjustment and did not begin to flourish until about 1924. **THE FALL OF THE 1920S BOOM:** Economic prosperity in the 1920s-often referred to as the \"Roaring Twenties\"-came to an end because of converging economic, financial, and social factors: Stock Market Crash of 1929: More directly, the stock market crashed immediately following a few years of speculative investment. Stock prices had reached overinflated and unsustainable levels, and on October 29, 1929, Black Tuesday, the stock values plummeted, ensuring financial panic across the board. The inflated stock prices fell, and many investors who purchased stocks on margin faced huge losses.Many banks that invested in the market also suffered immensely. Overindulgence in Debt and Extension of Credit: Ready availability of credit in the 1920s fuelled consumption and investment. Stock Investments, goods, and real estate were bought on credit. The overall level of debt hence was too high. When the economy starts slowing down, the debts become unpayable, leading to defaults and a cut in consumption. Agricultural Prices Decline: Throughout the Roaring Twenties,overproduction and falling prices had confronted U.S. farmers with dwindling economic fortunes. Since farm incomes were low, the country\'s rural areas were not taking part in prosperity and were therefore an omen to broader economic issues. With a reduction in prices, many farmers went into debt and lost their ground, which weakened the position that this industry held within the economy. Unequal Distribution of Wealth: Most of the wealth in the 1920s belonged to a few percent of Americans, thus curbing general consumerism. Whereas the rich invested in stocks and expensive commodities, many others had lower purchasing power, making it an imbalance that finally led to an economic breakdown. Banking Weaknesses: Many of the banks in the United States were small and decentralized, and therefore unable to withstand economic shocks. The financial pressure created by the crash saw thousands of those banks fail; people lost their savings, and credit became even tighter. All these factors put together caused consumer confidence to slump,spending to fall, and unemployment to rise; therefore, the ten-year long period of economic prosperity ended and was replaced by the Great Depression. 3. - - - **DURING THIS TIME:** - - - - - - - - - - - - BENEFITS PROBLEMS ------------- --------------------------- Jobs Sale of natural resources Money Foreign investment Development Branch Plant Economy - BENEFITS PROBLEMS ------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- Jobs Important decisions made outside Canada. Taxes Top jobs belonged to Americans. Products made in Canada Profits went to the American parent company. R and D was most beneficial to Americans. Why is the US here in canada? - - 4. - - - - - - - **EASY STREET** - - - - - - Which was better, an electric or hand -would model? The new electric ones were far less work and kept the record turning at an instant speed. Hand-wound models could be taken for outside listening purposes. **AUTOMOBILES** - - - - - - - - **THE GOLDEN AGE OF SPORTS** - - - - - - - - - - **THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE OF THE 1920S** The LIBERAL party: Following the death of Wilfred Laurier in 1919, William Lyon Mckanzie King became the leader of the liberal party. The CONSERVATIVE party: Robert Borden, who had been the leader of this party for 11 years, resigned in 1920. Since he was the PM his successor would become the conservative party leader and the prime minister. This was Arthur Meighan. The PROGRESSIVE party: MERGED WITH THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY The progressives were a new party that wanted to eliminate tariffs for western farmers, similar to what Laurier desired in the 1911 election with his policy of reciprocity with the US. Its leader was Thomos Crerar. They liked free trade. **The 1921 ELECTION:** - - - Coalitions weaken the government because.. 1. 2. \*\* it is important to note that many canadians prefer a minority government because oif more than one political party controls the government, there is a greater degree of compromise, scrutiny, and constructive policy between them. Some people feel that this provides a greater quality of government and avoids a situation where one party arrogantly imposes unpopular measures on the people of canada, which is associated with majority governments. The 1925 ELECTION: King's minority government survived for four years. In 1925, he strived to obtain a majority government and called an election to do so. Arthur Medgehn and his conservative party received the highest number of seats. But because Meighen did not have a majority of seats, the liberals under King and progressives under a new leader named Robert Forke, formed a coalition and took control of the government. Meigehn was PM for 5 days and then overthrown. King led the coalition and remained prime minister. He was the first to control Canada very crafty and stay in power. The 1926 ELECTION: scandal of the liberals - - - - - - **PROHIBITION** - - - - - - - - Extra notes: - - - - **IMPACT OF PROHIBITION ON LIFE DURING THE 1920S** a. - - - b. - - - c\) Rise of bootleggers and gangsters - - - - - - Term to know \*\* Pyrrhic VICTORY - - Al capone facts 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **AMERICAN PROHIBITION** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **PROHIBITION VIDEO** What happened on January 16 1920? The manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors was banned. Prohibition in the United States began at the end of the day, with the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution coming into effect. What was a speakeasy? A place where alcoholic beverages are illegally sold, especially such establishments in the United States during Prohibition What problem was noticeable in the wording of the prohibition act? It was vague and had loopholes. Specifically, the Act defined \"intoxicating liquors\" as any beverage with over 0.5% alcohol content, which was very restrictive, but it didn't completely ban the manufacture or use of alcohol. It allowed exceptions for medicinal, religious, and industrial purposes, which people exploited. What two groups were exempt from prohibition laws? During Prohibition in the United States, *doctors* and *clergy* were two groups exempt from prohibition laws. Doctors could prescribe medicinal alcohol to patients, while clergy members were allowed to use wine for religious ceremonies. How would a person enter a speakeasy? They would have to know someone and the password. What complaints did former police officer Edward Skelly hae about the prohibition era? Edward Skelly complained that Prohibition led to a surge in organized crime, as illegal speakeasies and bootlegging operations flourished to meet the demand for alcohol. He noted that enforcing the Prohibition laws was nearly impossible, as corruption spread through law enforcement, and officers often found themselves either bribed or overwhelmed by the vast network of illegal alcohol production and distribution. In 1923 states like new york handed over control of the enforcement of prohibition to federal agents. What problems did this create? Federal agents, often understaffed and underfunded, struggled to handle the vast scope of enforcement across state lines. This lack of local support weakened enforcement efforts and led to inefficiency, as federal agents were unfamiliar with local communities and networks where illegal activities occurred. The shift also increased tension between federal and local law enforcement, as federal agents were seen as outsiders and sometimes faced resistance or lack of cooperation from local officials, further complicating Prohibition's enforcement. Corruption in law enforcement became widespread as criminal organizations used bribery to keep officials in their pockets. - Who was Goerge Ramus? Was a bootlegger during the early days of Prohibition, and later murdered his wife Imogene.Remus memorized the Volstead Act and found a loophole which allowed him to buy distilleries and pharmacies to produce and sell bonded liquor for medicinal purposes, under government licenses. His employees would then hijack his own liquor so that he could sell it illegally. What problems associated with the US president harding during prohibition? Harding, who drank, initially voted against banning alcohol. He voted for the Eighteenth Amendment, which imposed prohibition, after successfully moving to modify it by placing a time limit on ratification, which was expected to kill it. By the mid-1920s the public began to regard Harding as a man who simply did not measure up to the responsibilities of his high office. Rumors of his heavy drinking in the [White House](https://www.britannica.com/topic/White-House-Washington-DC) (at a time when [Prohibition](https://www.britannica.com/event/Prohibition-United-States-history-1920-1933) was the law of the land) and of his involvement in [extramarital affairs](https://www.britannica.com/topic/adultery) further degraded his reputation. Name a famous family that frequented the 21 club? The Kennedy family was famously known to frequent the 21 Club in New York City. The club was a popular spot among celebrities, politicians, and prominent families throughout the 20th century. Notably, President John F. Kennedy visited the club, and it was rumored that he even held some informal meetings there. The Kennedys' connection to the club contributed to its reputation as an exclusive and influential venue for high-profile guests. \*\* 21 club - had a design, a system of camouflaged doors, invisible chutes, quick-release bar shelves and a secret wine cellar. It worked----they were never caught again. How did the 21 clubs hide their liquor from federal agents? At the 21 Club on 21 West 52nd (where the Puncheon moved in 1930), the owners had the architect build a custom camouflaged door, a secret wine cellar behind a false wall and a bar that with the push of a button would drop liquor bottles down a shoot to crash and drain into the cellar. **Which two famous brothers found themselves on either end of the law during the prohibition period?** Where does the term the real McCoy originate from? \"The real McCoy\" was the inventor Elijah McCoy,born in Canada in 1844. He had many different inventions including an ironing board and a lawn sprinkler. Other companies copied his devices, but these never worked as well as Elijah\'s so people would say, \"I want a , and make sure it\'s a real McCoy.\" What role did the french islands of st. Pierre and Miquelon have in prohibition? Pierre and Miquelon became the transshipment point for bringing illegal alcohol from Canada into the United States. Some Canadian provinces also experimented with prohibition as well, but alcohol manufacturers in Canada were still allowed to distill liquor for export. Who was Sam Bronfman and his role? Sam and his three brothers began as tavern-owners and spirits dealers in the early 1900s. Their big opportunity came in 1920, when Prohibition was introduced in the USA and the Bronfmans began to supply \'importers\' who smuggled booze across the border. He recruited people to manage drugs for Europe and was a wealthy man. Who became president in 1925? In 1925, during the Prohibition era in the United States, the president was *Calvin Coolidge*. He became president in 1923 following the sudden death of Warren G. Harding and was re-elected in 1924. Coolidge supported Prohibition but was known for his generally hands-off approach to enforcing the laws related to it. Why did Americans go to Windsor, Ontario during prohibition? Many Americans came to Windsor to enjoy a good time while drinking. There were several places for Americans to drink and party simply by crossing the Detroit River, including roadhouses. One of the most popular was the Island View Hotel, off the shore of the Detroit River with its own dock.It was known as rum alley. Give some details about Canada\'s role in prohibition. - Here are key points about Canada's role in Prohibition: - - - - - - **ROCCO PERRI - KING OF THE BOOTLEGGERS** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **ECONOMICS IN THE 1920s** Although there were difficulties at the outset of the 1920s, most of the decade was very successful and ranks among the most prosperous the developed world has ever experienced. What made the 1920s so prosperous? 1. - - - - 2. - **The upward economic cycle:** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. **1920s - PROBLEMS WITH THE 1920S** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **DISCOVERY OF INSULIN:** - - - - IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS: Amortization period → gradually writing down the value of a loan or an intangible asset. Branch Plant Economy→ a company has a head office on one country & other offices in other countries R & D→ Research & Development Assembly Line→ an arrangement of machines, equipment, and workers in which work passes from operation to operation in direct line until the product is assembled. (Merriam-Webster) Coalition→ When a party doesn't receive a majority government, they're required to rule with another party's support Non-confidence motion→ Defeat on a proposed law in Canadian parliament and force government to resign Dry-periods→ when individual provinces created prohibition in that province. However, the periods were very short and started earlier than US prohibition. Rum Running→ Smuggling liquor to the US from CAD Speakeasies→ Secret saloons disguised as private associations like "Bombay Bicycle Club." Upward Economic Cycle→ Every segment of the cycle contributes to another & has an overall beneficial effect on the economy Orange Lodge→ one flag, one religion and one language, "Home Children" → British Orphans or members of poor families who were sent to CAD to start a new life & were often exploited (These are the definitions I found that I thought were important. If anyone happens to come across any they deem important, feel free to add! 😁) Individuals - Sarah - - - - - - - - -