Final Review, Part 1: The 1920s and Great Depression PDF

Final Review, part 1 The 20s 1) What was the condition of America’s economy following World War I? America went through an economic downturn immediately after World War I, but quickly recovered. 2) What was a major result of Henry Ford’s innovative manufacturing techniques? The sale price of cars we...

Final Review, part 1 The 20s 1) What was the condition of America’s economy following World War I? America went through an economic downturn immediately after World War I, but quickly recovered. 2) What was a major result of Henry Ford’s innovative manufacturing techniques? The sale price of cars went down. 3) What effect did the demand for automobiles have in the 1920s? Stimulated growth in many other industries 4) What policies did Presidents Harding and Coolidge favor? aided the growth of business. 5) Why was the importance of the Scopes Trial? Science vs. Religion 6) Why were nativists opposed to immigration? they felt that immigrants were willing to work for any wage, which would make it harder for native-born American citizens to find jobs. 7) What was the major difference between urban and rural lifestyles in the 1920s? Urban Americans had more free time 8) What was the “New Woman” of the 1920s like? rejected Victorian morality 9) Why did so many African Americans migrate north throughout the 1920s? for a chance at a better future 10) What was the Harlem Renaissance and what impact did it have? Period during the 1920s in which African Americans novelists, poets, and artists celebrated their culture. It integrated black and white cultures, and marked the beginning of a black urban society. 11) What was Jazz? an American hybrid of African American and European music forms 12) What did the literature of the Harlem Renaissance deal with? explored the pains and joys of being black in America The Great Depression 13) What factors helped hide economic problems in the 1920s? Americans purchased many consumer goods on credit 14) Which group experienced an early depression in the 1920s? Farmers 15) During the 1920s, the United States economy moved through which phase of the business cycle? Expansion 16) What was Black Tuesday? October 29, 1929, when stock prices fell sharply in the Great Crash. 17) In 1929, why did the stock market crash? Everyone sold shares but their prices fell as there were too many on the market. 18) Why were banks one of the first institutions to feel the effects of the stock market crash? Too many depositors tried to withdraw their money all at once 19) How did European countries react to the Hawley-Smoot Tariff? Taxing American imports 20) Why did President Hoover respond cautiously to the Great Depression? Thought that the business cycle would correct itself 21) What was volunteerism and why did it fail? contributing free labor to conduct community service or support a nonprofit organization. Businesses and citizens acted in their individual best interests 22) What is trickle-down economics? Did it work in the 30s? economic theory that holds that financial benefits given to banks and large businesses will trickle down to smaller businesses and consumers. It did not work. 23) Why did Congress institute the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)? banks so that they could lend money to businesses to stimulate economic activity 24) What was the Dust Bowl? What caused it? term used for the central and southern Great Plains during the 1930s, when the region suffered from drought and dust storms. using intensive farming practices that removed protective grasses. 25) What did President Hoover do that led to the Bonus Army marching on Washington, D.C.? President Hoover vetoed a bill providing for early payment of bonuses to WWI veterans 26) Why did both African Americans and Mexican Americans have an especially difficult time during the Great Depression? faced discrimination when competing for a limited number of jobs. The New Deal 27) What were the goals of the New Deal? Provide relief, recovery, and reform. 28) Some opponents of the New Deal believed that it threatened what? Why? threatened individual freedom. they didn't think it did enough for poor people or to make American society more equal. 29) What was the chief complaint of conservatives (Republicans) against the New Deal? It made the government too powerful. 30) Why did Roosevelt create the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)? To regulate stock market 31) Who benefited from the Social Security Act but what was a significant flaw of the act? old-age retirees, the jobless, dependent mothers and children, victims of work-related accidents, people who are blind, and those who have physical disabilities. limited its provisions to workers in commerce and industry. 32) What was the Tennessee Valley Authority and why did critics disapprove of the TVA? federally-owned electric utility and regional economic development agency. gave the government direct control of a business. 33) What did the WPA do? put roughly 8.5 million Americans to work building schools, hospitals, roads and other public works. 34) What extended job opportunities to Mexican Americans and other minority youth, working in national parks wilderness areas? Civilian Conservation Corps 35) FDR set aside 12 million acres of land for what? For national parks 36) How many terms was President Roosevelt elected to? Four times 37) What impact did the radio have on American culture in the 1920s and 1930s? fostered a real-time national conversation during challenging times of Depression and world war. And it became the single greatest force (before television and the internet) in developing a mass culture of sports, entertainment, news and advertising. 38) What radio drama was so realistic that some people thought aliens were invading Earth? The War of the Worlds. 39) Why did Americans enjoy escapist films in the 1930s? Movies provided relief from the everyday problems of the Great Depression. 40) How did New Deal programs strengthen capitalism? extending federal regulation into new areas of the economy.