AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2014 PDF

AP Chemistry ® Practice Exam From the 2014 Administration NOTE: This is a modified version of the 2014 AP Chemistry Exam. This Practice Exam is provided by the College Board for AP Exam preparation. Teachers are permitted to download the materials and make copies to use with their studen...

AP Chemistry ® Practice Exam From the 2014 Administration NOTE: This is a modified version of the 2014 AP Chemistry Exam. This Practice Exam is provided by the College Board for AP Exam preparation. Teachers are permitted to download the materials and make copies to use with their students in a classroom setting only. To maintain the security of this exam, teachers should collect all materials after their administration and keep them in a secure location. Exams may not be posted on school or personal websites, nor electronically redistributed for any reason. Further distribution of these materials outside of the secure College Board site disadvantages teachers who rely on uncirculated questions for classroom testing. Any additional distribution is in violation of the College Board’s copyright policies and may result in the termination of Practice Exam access for your school as well as the removal of access to other online services such as the AP Teacher Community and Online Score Reports. Contents Exam Instructions Student Answer Sheet for the Multiple-Choice Section Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions Section II: Free-Response Questions Multiple-Choice Answer Key Free-Response Scoring Guidelines Scoring Worksheet Note: This publication shows the page numbers that appeared in the 2013−14 AP Exam Instructions book and in the actual exam. This publication was not repaginated to begin with page 1. © 2014 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: www.collegeboard.com/inquiry/cbpermit.html. Exam Instructions The following contains instructions taken from the 2013−14 AP Exam Instructions book.  AP® Chemistry Exam Regularly Scheduled Exam Date: Monday morning, May 5, 2014 Late-Testing Exam Date: Thursday afternoon, May 22, 2014 Section I Total Time: 1 hr. 30 min. Section II Total Time: 1 hr. 30 min. What Proctors Need to Bring to This Exam. Exam.packets. Extra.No..2.pencils.with.erasers. Answer.sheets. Extra.pens.with.black.or.dark.blue.ink. AP.Student.Packs. Extra.paper. 2013-14 AP Coordinator’s Manual.. Stapler. This.book.—.AP Exam Instructions.. Watch. School.Code.and.Home-School/Self-. Signs.for.the.door.to.the.testing.room Study.Codes “Exam.in.Progress”. Extra.calculators “Cell.phones.are.prohibited.in.the... Pencil.sharpener testing.room” Note:.this.year,.tables.of.equations.and.constants.are.provided.in.the.exam.booklets.for.both. sections.of.the.exam. Students.are.not.allowed.to.use.calculators.in.Section.I.of.the.AP.Chemistry.Exam..However,. students.are.permitted.to.use.four-function,.scientific,.or.graphing.calculators.to.answer. questions.in.Section.II..Before.starting.the.exam.administration,.make.sure.that.each.student.has. an.appropriate.calculator.and.that.any.student.with.a.graphing.calculator.has.a.model.from.the. approved.list.on.page.45.of.the.2013-14 AP Coordinator’s Manual..See.pages.42–45.of.the. 2013-14 AP Coordinator’s Manual.for.more.information..If.a.student.does.not.have.an.appropriate. calculator.or.has.a.graphing.calculator.not.on.the.approved.list,.you.may.provide.one.from.your. supply..If.the.student.does.not.want.to.use.the.calculator.you.provide,.or.does.not.want.to.use.a. calculator.at.all,.he.or.she.must.hand.copy,.date,.and.sign.the.release.statement.on.page.43.of.the. 2013-14 AP Coordinator’s Manual. During.the.administration.of.Section.II.students.may.have.no.more.than.two.calculators.on. their.desks..Calculators.may.not.be.shared..Calculator.memories.do.not.need.to.be.cleared. before.or.after.the.exam..Students.with.Hewlett-Packard.48–50.Series.and.Casio.FX-9860. graphing.calculators.may.use.cards.designed.for.use.with.these.calculators..Proctors.should.make. sure.infrared.ports.(Hewlett-Packard).are.not.facing.each.other..Since graphing calculators can be used to store data, including text, proctors should monitor that students are using their calculators appropriately. Attempts by students to use the calculator to remove exam CHEMISTRY questions and/or answers from the room may result in the cancellation of AP Exam scores. Students.will.be.allowed.to.use.the.table.of.equations.and.constants.on.both.sections.of.the.exam. SECTION I: Multiple Choice ! Make.sure.you.begin.the.exam.at.the.designated.time.. 41 Chemistry If you are giving the regularly scheduled exam, say: It is Monday morning, May 5, and you will be taking the AP Chemistry Exam. If you are giving the alternate exam for late testing, say: It is Thursday afternoon, May 22, and you will be taking the AP Chemistry Exam. In a moment, you will open the packet that contains your exam materials. By opening this packet, you agree to all of the AP Program’s policies and procedures outlined in the 2013-14 Bulletin for AP Students and Parents. You may now remove the shrinkwrap from your exam packet and take out the Section I booklet, but do not open the booklet or the shrinkwrapped Section II materials. Put the white seals aside.... Carefully remove the AP Exam label found near the top left of your exam booklet cover. Now place it on page 1 of your answer sheet on the light blue box near the top right-hand corner that reads “AP Exam Label.” If.students.accidentally.place.the.exam.label.in.the.space.for.the.number.label.or.vice.versa,.advise. them.to.leave.the.labels.in.place..They.should.not.try.to.remove.the.label;.their.exam.will.be. processed.correctly.. Read the statements on the front cover of Section I and look up when you have finished.... Sign your name, and write today’s date. Look up when you have finished.... Now print your full legal name where indicated. Are there any questions?... Turn to the back cover and read it completely. Look up when you have finished.... Are there any questions?... Section I is the multiple-choice portion of the exam. You may never discuss these specific multiple-choice questions at any time in any form with anyone, including your teacher and other students. If you disclose these questions through any means, your AP Exam score will be canceled. Are there any questions?... You must complete the answer sheet using a No. 2 pencil only. Mark all of your responses beginning on page 2 of your answer sheet, one response per question. Completely fill in the circles. If you need to erase, do so carefully and completely. No credit will be given for anything written in the exam booklet. Scratch paper is not allowed, but you may use the margins or any blank space in the exam booklet for scratch work. Calculators are not allowed for this section. Please put your calculators under your chair. Are there any questions?... You have 1 hour and 30 minutes for this section. Open your Section I booklet and begin. 42  AP Exam Instructions 12 9 Note.Start.Time.here. 6 3.. marking.their.answers.in.pencil.on.their.answer.sheets,.and.that.they.are.not.looking.at.their. shrinkwrapped.Section.II.booklets..After.1.hour.and.30.minutes,.say: Stop working. Close your booklet and put your answer sheet on your desk, face up. Make sure you have your AP number label and an AP Exam label on page 1 of your answer sheet. I will now collect your answer sheet. Collect.an.answer.sheet.from.each.student..Check.that.each.answer.sheet.has.an.AP.number.label. and.an.AP.Exam.label..Then.say: Now you must seal your exam booklet. Remove the white seals from the backing and press one on each area of your exam booklet cover marked “PLACE SEAL HERE.” Fold each seal over the back cover. When you have finished, place the booklet on your desk, face up. I will now collect your Section I booklet.... Collect.a.Section.I.booklet.from.each.student..Check.that.each.student.has.signed.the.front.cover. of.the.sealed.Section.I.booklet. There.is.a.10-minute.break.between.Sections.I.and.II..When.all.Section.I.materials.have.been. collected.and.accounted.for.and.you.are.ready.for.the.break,.say: Please listen carefully to these instructions before we take a 10-minute break. Everything you placed under your chair at the beginning of the exam must stay there. Leave your shrinkwrapped Section II packet on top of your desk during the break. You are not allowed to consult teachers, other students, or textbooks about the exam during the break. You may not make phone calls, send text messages, check email, use a social networking site, or access any electronic or communication device. Remember, you are not allowed to discuss the multiple-choice section of this exam. If you do not follow these rules, your score could be canceled. Are there any questions?... 12.You may begin your break. Testing will resume at.. 9 3 6 SECTION II: Free Response After.the.break,.say: May I have everyone’s attention? Place your Student Pack on your desk.... You may now remove the shrinkwrap from the Section II packet, but do not CHEMISTRY open the exam booklet until you are told to do so.... Read the bulleted statements on the front cover of the exam booklet. Look up when you have finished.... Now place an AP number label on the shaded box. If you don’t have any AP number labels, write your AP number in the box. Look up when you have finished.... Read the last statement.... 43 Chemistry Using your pen, print the first, middle and last initials of your legal name in the boxes and print today’s date where indicated. This constitutes your signature and your agreement to the statements on the front cover.... Turn to the back cover and complete Item 1 under “Important Identification Information.” Print the first two letters of your last name and the first letter of your first name in the boxes. Look up when you have finished.... In Item 2, print your date of birth in the boxes.... In Item 3, write the school code you printed on the front of your Student Pack in the boxes.... Read Item 4.... Are there any questions?... I need to collect the Student Pack from anyone who will be taking another AP Exam. You may keep it only if you are not taking any other AP Exams this year. If you have no other AP Exams to take, place your Student Pack under your chair now.... While Student Packs are being collected, read the information on the back cover of the exam booklet. Do not open the exam booklet until you are told to do so. Look up when you have finished.... Collect.the.Student.Packs..Then.say:. Are there any questions?... Calculators may be used for Section II. You may get your calculators from under your chair and place them on your desk.... You have 1 hour and 30 minutes to complete Section II. You are responsible for pacing yourself, and you may proceed freely from one question to the next. You must write your answers in the exam booklet using a pen with black or dark blue ink or a No. 2 pencil. If you use a pencil, be sure that your writing is dark enough to be easily read. If you need more paper during the exam, raise your hand. At the top of each extra piece of paper you use, be sure to write only your AP number and the number of the question you are working on. Do not write your name. Are there any questions?... You may begin. 12 9 6 Note.Start.Time.here. 3.. are.writing.their.answers.in.their.exam.booklets..Proctors.should.also.make.sure.that.Hewlett- Packard.calculators’.infrared.ports.are.not.facing.each.other.and.that.students.are.not.sharing. calculators..After.1.hour.and.20.minutes,.say:. There are 10 minutes remaining. 44  AP Exam Instructions After.10.minutes,.say: Stop working and close your exam booklet. Place it on your desk, face up.... If.any.students.used.extra.paper.for.the.free-response.section,.have.those.students.staple.the.extra. sheet/s.to.the.first.page.corresponding.to.that.question.in.their.exam.booklets..Then.say: Remain in your seat, without talking, while the exam materials are collected.... Collect.a.Section.II.booklet.from.each.student..Check.for.the.following: Exam.booklet.front.cover:.The.student.placed.an.AP.number.label.on.the.shaded.box,.and. printed.his.or.her.initials.and.today’s.date. Exam.booklet.back.cover:.The.student.completed.the.“Important.Identification. Information”.area. When.all.exam.materials.have.been.collected.and.accounted.for,.return.to.students.any.electronic. devices.you.may.have.collected.before.the.start.of.the.exam.. If you are giving the regularly scheduled exam, say: You may not discuss or share these specific free-response questions with anyone unless they are released on the College Board website in about two days. Your AP score results will be available online in July. If you are giving the alternate exam for late testing, say: None of the questions in this exam may ever be discussed or shared in any way at any time. Your AP score results will be available online in July. If.any.students.completed.the.AP.number.card.at.the.beginning.of.this.exam,.say: Please remember to take your AP number card with you. You will need the information on this card to view your scores and order AP score reporting services online. Then.say: You are now dismissed. All.exam.materials.should.be.put.in.secure.storage.until.they.are.returned.to.the.AP.Program. after.your.school’s.last.administration..Before.storing.materials,.check.the.“School.Use.Only”. section.on.page.1.of.the.answer.sheet.and:. Fill.in.the.appropriate.section.number.circle.in.order.to.access.a.separate.AP.. Instructional.Planning.Report.(for.regularly.scheduled.exams.only).or.subject.. CHEMISTRY score.roster.at.the.class.section.or.teacher.level..See.“Post-Exam.Activities”.in.the.. 2013-14 AP Coordinator’s Manual. Check.your.list.of.students.who.are.eligible.for.fee.reductions.and.fill.in.the.. appropriate.circle.on.their.registration.answer.sheets.. 45 Student Answer Sheet for the Multiple-Choice Section Use this section to capture student responses. (Note that the following answer sheet is a sample, and may differ from one used in an actual exam.)  AP Exam Label PAGE 1 AP Number Label (from Student Pack) (from Section I Booklet) Answer Sheet 2014 B123456789T COMPLETE THIS AREA AT EVERY EXAM. USE NO. 2 PENCIL ONLY D. EXAM DATE E. EXAM G. ONLINE F. MULTIPLE-CHOICE BOOKLET To maintain the security of the exam and the validity of my AP score, I will allow no one else to see the multiple-choice questions. I will seal the C. YOUR AP NUMBER START PROVIDER multiple-choice booklet when asked to do so, and I will not discuss these questions with anyone at any time after completing the Month Day TIME SERIAL NUMBER CODE section. I am aware of and agree to the AP Program’s policies and procedures as outlined in the 2013-14 Bulletin for AP Students and Parents, including using testing accommodations (e.g., extended time, computer, etc.) only if I have been preapproved by College Board Services AM PM S for Students with Disabilities. Sign your legal name as it will appear on your college applications. Date 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A. SIGNATURE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 B. LEGAL NAME Omit apostrophes, Jr., II. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Legal Last Name — First 15 Letters Legal First Name — First 12 Letters MI 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 10 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 11 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E COMPLETE THIS AREA ONLY ONCE. K. DATE OF BIRTH F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F I. AREA CODE AND G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G PHONE NUMBER J. SCHOOL YOU ATTEND Month Day Year SCHOOL CODE School Name H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Jan I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Feb 0 0 0 0 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mar 1 1 1 1 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Apr 2 2 2 2 L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 May 3 3 3 3 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 City Jun 4 4 4 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 Jul 5 5 5 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 State Aug 6 6 6 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 Sep 7 7 7 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 Oct 8 8 8 Country R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 Nov 9 9 9 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S INTERNATIONAL PHONE 9 9 9 9 9 9 Dec T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T M. COLLEGE TO RECEIVE YOUR U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U N. CURRENT L. SOCIAL SECURITY AP SCORE REPORT GRADE LEVEL V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V NUMBER (Optional) COLLEGE CODE Using the college code listed in the AP Student Pack, indicate the ONE 99735-00657 UNLWEB114 W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W Not yet in 9th grade college that you want to receive your X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AP score report. 9th Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 College Name 10th Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 11th – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 12th 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 No longer in Exam Name: Form: Form Code: H. AP EXAM I AM City high school TAKING USING THIS 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ANSWER SHEET 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 State 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 SCHOOL USE ONLY Q3779/1-4 773898 Section Number Fee Reduction Granted 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Option 1 2 Option 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 PAGE 2 COMPLETE THIS AREA AT EACH EXAM (IF APPLICABLE) O. SURVEY QUESTIONS — Answer the survey questions in the AP Student Pack. Do not put responses to exam questions in this section. 1 A B C D E F G H I 4 A B C D E F G H I 7 A B C D E F G H I 2 A B C D E F G H I 5 A B C D E F G H I 8 A B C D E F G H I 3 A B C D E F G H I 6 A B C D E F G H I 9 A B C D E F G H I P. LANGUAGE — Do not complete this section unless instructed to do so. If this answer sheet is for the French Language and Culture, German Language and Culture, Italian Language and Culture, Spanish Language and Culture, or Spanish Literature and Culture Exam, please answer the following questions. Your responses will not affect your score. 1. Have you lived or studied for one month or more in a country where the language of the 2. Do you regularly speak or hear the language at home? exam you are now taking is spoken? Yes No Yes No QUESTIONS 1–75 Indicate your answers to the exam questions in this section (pages 2 and 3). Mark only one response per question. If a question has only four answer options, do not mark option E. Answers written in the multiple-choice booklet will not be scored. A B C D You must use a No. 2 pencil and marks must be complete. Do not use a mechanical pencil. It EXAMPLES OF COMPLETE MARK is very important that you fill in the entire circle darkly and completely. If you change your response, INCOMPLETE MARKS A B C D erase as completely as possible. Incomplete marks or erasures may affect your score. 1 A B C D E 26 A B C D E 51 A B C D E 2 A B C D E 27 A B C D E 52 A B C D E 3 A B C D E 28 A B C D E 53 A B C D E 4 A B C D E 29 A B C D E 54 A B C D E 5 A B C D E 30 A B C D E 55 A B C D E 6 A B C D E 31 A B C D E 56 A B C D E 7 A B C D E 32 A B C D E 57 A B C D E 8 A B C D E 33 A B C D E 58 A B C D E 9 A B C D E 34 A B C D E 59 A B C D E 10 A B C D E 35 A B C D E 60 A B C D E 11 A B C D E 36 A B C D E 61 A B C D E 12 A B C D E 37 A B C D E 62 A B C D E 13 A B C D E 38 A B C D E 63 A B C D E 14 A B C D E 39 A B C D E 64 A B C D E 15 A B C D E 40 A B C D E 65 A B C D E 16 A B C D E 41 A B C D E 66 A B C D E 17 A B C D E 42 A B C D E 67 A B C D E 18 A B C D E 43 A B C D E 68 A B C D E 19 A B C D E 44 A B C D E 69 A B C D E 20 A B C D E 45 A B C D E 70 A B C D E 21 A B C D E 46 A B C D E 71 A B C D E 22 A B C D E 47 A B C D E 72 A B C D E 23 A B C D E 48 A B C D E 73 A B C D E 24 A B C D E 49 A B C D E 74 A B C D E 25 A B C D E 50 A B C D E 75 A B C D E DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  PAGE 3 QUESTIONS 76–120 Be sure each mark is dark and completely fills the circle. If a question has only four answer options, do not mark option E. 76 A B C D E 91 A B C D E 106 A B C D E 77 A B C D E 92 A B C D E 107 A B C D E 78 A B C D E 93 A B C D E 108 A B C D E 79 A B C D E 94 A B C D E 109 A B C D E 80 A B C D E 95 A B C D E 110 A B C D E 81 A B C D E 96 A B C D E 111 A B C D E 82 A B C D E 97 A B C D E 112 A B C D E 83 A B C D E 98 A B C D E 113 A B C D E 84 A B C D E 99 A B C D E 114 A B C D E 85 A B C D E 100 A B C D E 115 A B C D E 86 A B C D E 101 A B C D E 116 A B C D E 87 A B C D E 102 A B C D E 117 A B C D E 88 A B C D E 103 A B C D E 118 A B C D E 89 A B C D E 104 A B C D E 119 A B C D E 90 A B C D E 105 A B C D E 120 A B C D E For Students Taking AP Biology Write your answer in the boxes at the top of the griddable area and fill in the corresponding circles. Mark only one circle in any column. You will receive credit only if the circles are filled in correctly. 121 122 123 124 125 126 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / –..... –..... –..... –..... –..... –..... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 ETS USE ONLY R W O R W O SELECTED MEDIA EXAMS OTHER EXAMS PT02 TOTAL PT03 Subscore (if applicable) PT04 Subscore (if applicable) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Exam 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Exam 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 © 2013 The College Board. College Board, AP, Student Search Service and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA  COMPLETE THIS AREA ONLY ONCE. PAGE 4 Q. YOUR MAILING ADDRESS Use the address abbreviations from your AP Student Pack. Fill in only one circle per column. Indicate a space in your address by leaving a blank box; do not grid that column. U. STUDENT SEARCH SERVICE® COUNTRY STREET ADDRESS (include street number, street name, apartment number, etc.) CITY ZIP OR POSTAL CODE Colleges and scholarship programs may CODE request your information to inform you of educational opportunities and financial aid. Would you like us to supply your A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 0 0 0 information? B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B 1 1 1 Yes No C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C 2 2 2 If you don’t answer and previously chose to participate in this service, we will continue D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 3 3 3 providing your information. E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E 4 4 4 V. SEX F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 5 5 5 G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G 6 6 6 Female Male H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 7 7 7 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 8 8 8 W. 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STUDENT IDENTIFIER (Student ID Number) R. FOR STUDENTS OUTSIDE If your address does not fit in the spaces provided in Item Q, fill in as THE UNITED STATES ONLY many circles as you can, then fill in the circle in Item R and print the remainder of your address in the spaces provided. Address City State or Province Country ZIP or Postal Code By providing your email address, you are granting the College Board T. EMAIL ADDRESS permission to use your email in accordance with the policies in the 2013-14 Bulletin for AP Students and Parents. Section I: Multiple-Choice Questions This is the multiple-choice section of the 2014 AP exam. It includes cover material and other administrative instructions to help familiarize students with the mechanics of the exam. (Note that future exams may differ in look from the following content.) AP Chemistry Exam ® SECTION I: Multiple Choice 2014 DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Instructions At a Glance Section I of this exam contains 50 multiple-choice questions. Fill in only the circles for Total Time numbers 1 through 50 on your answer sheet. Pages containing a periodic table and lists 1 hour, 30 minutes containing equations and constants are also printed in this booklet. Number of Questions 50 Indicate all of your answers to the multiple-choice questions on the answer sheet. No Percent of Total Score credit will be given for anything written in this exam booklet, but you may use the booklet 50% for notes or scratch work. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, Writing Instrument completely fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. Pencil required Electronic Device Because this section offers only four answer options for each question, do not mark the None allowed (E) answer circle for any question. Give only one answer to each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. Here is a sample question and answer. Use your time effectively, working as quickly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not spend too much time on any one question. Go on to other questions and come back to the ones you have not answered if you have time. It is not expected that everyone will know the answers to all of the multiple-choice questions. Your total score on Section I is based only on the number of questions answered correctly. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers or unanswered questions. -2-  ¥ AP CHEMISTRY EQUATIONS AND CONSTANTS Throughout the exam the following symbols have the definitions specified unless otherwise noted. L, mL = liter(s), milliliter(s) mm Hg = millimeters of mercury g = gram(s) J, kJ = joule(s), kilojoule(s) nm = nanometer(s) V = volt(s) atm = atmosphere(s) mol = mole(s) ATOMIC STRUCTURE E = energy E = hν ν = frequency c = λν λ = wavelength Planck’s constant, h = 6.626 × 10−34 J s Speed of light, c = 2.998 × 108 m s−1 Avogadro’s number = 6.022 × 1023 mol−1 Electron charge, e = −1.602 × 10−19 coulomb EQUILIBRIUM c d Kc = [C] a[D]b , where a A + b B R c C + d D Equilibrium Constants [A] [B] Kc (molar concentrations) (PC )c (PD )d Kp = Kp (gas pressures) (PA )a (PB )b Ka (weak acid)   Ka = [H ][A ] Kb (weak base) [HA] Kw (water)   Kb = [OH ][HB ] [B] Kw = [H ][OH−] = 1.0 × 10−14 at 25°C + = Ka × K b pH = −log[H+] , pOH = −log[OH−] 14 = pH + pOH  pH = pKa + log [A ] [HA] pKa = −logKa , pKb = −logKb KINETICS ln[A] t − ln[A] 0 = − kt k = rate constant t = time 1  1 = kt t ½ = half-life > A @t >A@0 t ½ = 0.693 k -3- GASES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLUTIONS P = pressure V = volume PV = nRT T = temperature moles A n = number of moles PA = Ptotal × XA, where XA = total moles m = mass Ptotal = PA + PB + PC +... M = molar mass D = density n = m KE = kinetic energy M v = velocity K = °C + 273 A = absorbance D= m a = molar absorptivity V b = path length KE per molecule = 1 mv 2 c = concentration 2 Molarity, M = moles of solute per liter of solution Gas constant, R = 8.314 J mol−1 K−1 = 0.08206 L atm mol−1 K−1 A = abc = 62.36 L torr mol−1 K−1 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr STP = 273.15 K and 1.0 atm THERMODYNAMICS / ELECTROCHEMISTRY q = heat q = mc∆T m= mass c = specific heat capacity ∆S° = Ç SD products  Ç SD reactants T= temperature S° = standard entropy ∆H° = Ç DHfD products  Ç DHfD reactants H° = standard enthalpy G° = standard Gibbs free energy ∆G° = Ç DGfD products  Ç DGfD reactants n = number of moles E° = standard reduction potential ∆G° = ∆H° − T∆S° I = current (amperes) = −RT ln K q = charge (coulombs) = − n E° t = time (seconds) q Faraday’s constant,  = 96,485 coulombs per mole I = t of electrons 1 joule 1 volt = 1 coulomb -4-  CHEMISTRY Section I 50 Questions Time—90 minutes CALCULATORS ARE NOT ALLOWED FOR SECTION I. Note: For all questions, assume that the temperature is 298 K, the pressure is 1.0 atm, and solutions are aqueous unless otherwise specified. Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by four suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding circle on the answer sheet. 2. Which of the following could be the identity of a Molar Mass white crystalline solid that exhibits the following Compound (grams) properties? Na2O 62.0 It melts at 320∞C. MgO 40.3 It does not conduct electricity as a solid. It conducts electricity in an aqueous solution. K2O 94.2 CaO 56.1 (A) C6H12O6(s) (B) NaOH(s) 1. According to the information in the table above, a (C) SiO2(s) 1.00 g sample of which of the following contains (D) Cu(s) the greatest mass of oxygen? 3. Which of the following correctly identifies which (A) Na2O has the higher first-ionization energy, Cl or Ar, (B) MgO and supplies the best justification? (C) K2O (A) Cl, because of its higher electronegativity (D) CaO (B) Cl, because of its higher electron affinity (C) Ar, because of its completely filled valence shell (D) Ar, because of its higher effective nuclear charge Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -5-  2 BaO2(s) Æ̈ 2 BaO(s) + O2(g) 5. Which of the following best helps to explain DH∞ = 162 kJ/molrxn why the value of ΔH° for the dissolving of CaF2 in water is positive? 4. A sealed rigid vessel contains BaO2(s) in (A) CaF2(s) is insoluble in water. equilibrium with BaO(s) and O2(g) as (B) CaF2(s) dissolves in water to form CaF2(aq) represented by the equation above. Which of particles. the following changes will increase the amount (C) Ca2+ ions have very strong ion-ion of BaO2(s) in the vessel? interactions with F − ions in the crystal (A) Removing a small amount of O2(g) lattice. (B) Removing a small amount of BaO(s) (D) Ca2+ ions have very strong ion-dipole (C) Adding He gas to the vessel interactions with water molecules in the (D) Lowering the temperature solution. Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -6- 6. Under which of the following conditions of temperature and pressure will H2 gas be expected to behave most like an ideal gas? (A) 50 K and 0.10 atm (B) 50 K and 5.0 atm (C) 500 K and 0.10 atm (D) 500 K and 50 atm 7. The volume of a sample of air in a cylinder with a movable piston is 2.0 L at a pressure P1 , as shown in the diagram above. The volume is increased to 5.0 L as the temperature is held constant. The pressure of the air in the cylinder is now P2. What effect do the volume and pressure changes have on the average kinetic energy of the molecules in the sample? (A) The average kinetic energy increases. (B) The average kinetic energy decreases. (C) The average kinetic energy stays the same. (D) It cannot be determined how the kinetic energy is affected without knowing P1 and P2. Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -7- Questions 8-10 refer to the following. 9. During the course of the experiment, which of the following happens to the NO3- ions? M+ is an unknown metal cation with a +1 charge. A student dissolves the chloride of the unknown (A) They are oxidized by Cl- ions. metal, MCl, in enough water to make 100.0 mL of (B) They are reduced to NO2- ions. solution. The student then mixes the solution with (C) They are decomposed by reacting with excess AgNO3 solution, causing AgCl to precipitate. M+ ions. The student collects the precipitate by filtration, dries (D) They remain dissolved in the filtrate solution. it, and records the data shown below. (The molar mass of AgCl is 143 g/mol.) Mass of unknown chloride, MCl 0.74 g Mass of filter paper 0.80 g Mass of filter paper plus AgCl precipitate 2.23 g 8. What is the identity of the metal chloride? (A) NaCl (B) KCl (C) CuCl (D) LiCl Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -8- 10. Which of the following diagrams best represents the AgNO3 solution before the reaction occurs? Note: water molecules are represented by the symbol. (A) (B) (C) (D) Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -9- 11. When 200. mL of 2.0 M NaOH(aq) is added to 13. Which of the following equations represents a 500. mL of 1.0 M HCl(aq), the pH of the reaction for which the standard entropy change is resulting mixture is closest to positive (DS° > 0) ? (A) 1.0 (A) 3 O2(g) → 2 O3(g) (B) 3.0 (C) 7.0 (B) 2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(l) (D) 13.0 (C) CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) (D) I2(g) + 2 K(s) → 2 KI(s) First Atomic Ionization Element Radius Energy (pm) (kJ/mol) B 801 85 C 1086 77 N 1400 75 O 1314 73 F 1680 72 Ne 2080 70 12. The table above shows the first ionization energy and atomic radius of several elements. Which of the following best helps to explain the deviation of the first ionization energy of oxygen from the overall trend? (A) The atomic radius of oxygen is greater than the atomic radius of fluorine. (B) The atomic radius of oxygen is less than the atomic radius of nitrogen. (C) There is repulsion between paired electrons in oxygen’s 2p orbitals. (D) There is attraction between paired electrons in oxygen’s 2p orbitals. Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -10- Questions 14-16 refer to the following. 15. Under the conditions given, consider containers 1, 2, and 4 only. The average speed of the gas The table below contains information about particles is samples of four different gases at 273 K. The (A) greatest in container 1 samples are in four identical rigid containers (B) greatest in container 2 numbered 1 through 4. (C) greatest in container 4 (D) the same in containers 1, 2, and 4 Container Gas Pressure Mass of Sample (atm) (g) 16. The best explanation for the lower pressure in container 4 is that SO2 molecules 1 He 2.00 ? (A) have a larger average speed than the other 2 Ne 2.00 ? three gases (B) occupy a larger portion of the container 3 ? 2.00 16.0 volume than the other three gases (C) have stronger intermolecular attractions than 4 SO2 1.96 64.1 the other three gases (D) contain π bonds, while the other gases contain only σ bonds 14. On the basis of the data provided above, the gas in container 3 could be (A) CH4 (B) O2 (C) Ar (D) CO2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -11- 17. The potential energy as a function of internuclear distance for three diatomic molecules, X2 , Y2 , and Z2 , is shown in the graph above. Based on the data in the graph, which of the following correctly identifies the diatomic molecules, X2 , Y2 , and Z2 ? X2 Y2 Z2 (A) H2 N2 O2 (B) H2 O2 N2 (C) N2 O2 H2 (D) O2 H2 N2 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -12- 18. A 10. g cube of copper at a temperature T1 is 2 H2O(l) Æ̈ H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq) placed in an insulated cup containing 10. g of water at a temperature T2. If T1 > T2 , which of 20. The autoionization of water is represented by the following is true of the system when it has the equation above. Values of pKw at various attained thermal equilibrium? (The specific heat temperatures are listed in the table below. of copper is 0.385 J/(g·°C) and the specific heat of water is 4.18 J/(g·°C).) Temperature (∞C) pKw (A) The temperature of the copper changed more 0 14.9 than the temperature of the water. 10 14.5 (B) The temperature of the water changed more than the temperature of the copper. 20 14.2 (C) The temperature of the water and the copper 30 13.8 changed by the same amount. (D) The relative temperature changes of the 40 13.5 copper and the water cannot be determined without knowing T1 and T2. Based on the information above, which of the following statements is true? 19. A solution containing HCl and the weak acid (A) The dissociation of water is an exothermic HClO2 has a pH of 2.4. Enough KOH(aq) is process. added to the solution to increase the pH to 10.5. (B) The pH of pure water is 7.00 at any The amount of which of the following species temperature. increases as the KOH(aq) is added? (C) As the temperature increases, the pH of pure water increases. (A) Cl-(aq) (D) As the temperature increases, the pH of pure (B) H+(aq) water decreases. (C) ClO2-(aq) (D) HClO2(aq) Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -13- Questions 21-24 refer to the following information. 23. A mixture of CO(g) and H2(g) is pumped into a previously evacuated 2.0 L reaction vessel. The Æ CH OH(g) CO(g) + 2 H2(g) ¨ DH < 0 3 total pressure of the reaction system is 1.2 atm at The synthesis of CH3OH(g) from CO(g) and H2(g) equilibrium. What will be the total pressure of the is represented by the equation above. The value of Kc system if the volume of the reaction vessel is for the reaction at 483 K is 14.5. reduced to 1.0 L at constant temperature? (A) Less than 1.2 atm (B) Greater than 1.2 atm but less than 2.4 atm 21. Which of the following explains the effect on the (C) 2.4 atm equilibrium constant, Kc , when the temperature (D) Greater than 2.4 atm of the reaction system is increased to 650 K? (A) Kc will increase because the activation 24. Which of the following statements is true about bond energies in this reaction? energy of the forward reaction increases more than that of the reverse reaction. (A) The energy absorbed as the bonds in the (B) Kc will increase because there are more reactants are broken is greater than the reactant molecules than product molecules. energy released as the bonds in the product (C) Kc will decrease because the reaction is are formed. (B) The energy released as the bonds in the exothermic. reactants are broken is greater than the (D) Kc is constant and will not change. energy absorbed as the bonds in the product are formed. 22. A 1.0 mol sample of CO(g) and a 1.0 mol sample (C) The energy absorbed as the bonds in the of H2(g) are pumped into a rigid, previously reactants are broken is less than the energy evacuated 2.0 L reaction vessel at 483 K. Which released as the bonds in the product are of the following is true at equilibrium? formed. (D) The energy released as the bonds in the (A) [H2] = 2[CO] reactants are broken is less than the energy (B) [H2] < [CO] absorbed as the bonds in the product are (C) [CO] = [CH3OH] < [H2] formed. (D) [CO] = [CH3OH] = [H2] Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -14- 25. A solution is prepared by adding 100 mL of 1.0 M HC2H3O2(aq) to 100 mL of 1.0 M NaC2H3O2(aq). The solution is stirred and its pH is measured to be 4.73. After 3 drops of 1.0 M HCl are added to the solution, the pH of the solution is measured and is still 4.73. Which of the following equations represents the chemical reaction that accounts for the fact that acid was added but there was no detectable change in pH? (A) H3O+(aq) + OH−(aq) Æ 2 H2O(l) (B) H3O+(aq) + Cl−(aq) Æ HCl(g) + H2O(l) (C) H3O+(aq) + C2H3O2−(aq) Æ HC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l) (D) H3O+(aq) + HC2H3O2(aq) Æ H2C2H3O2+(aq) + H2O(l) Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -15-  MnO4− + 5 Fe2+ + 8 H+ Æ Mn2+ + 5 Fe3+ + 4 H2O 26. In the reaction represented above, the number of MnO4− ions that react must be equal to which of the following? (A) One-fifth the number of Fe2+ ions that are consumed (B) Eight times the number of H+ ions that are consumed (C) Five times the number of Fe3+ ions that are produced (D) One-half the number of H2O molecules that are produced 27. A student prepared five solutions of CuSO4 with different concentrations, and then filled five cuvettes, each containing one of the solutions. The cuvettes were placed in a spectrophotometer set to the appropriate wavelength for maximum absorbance. The absorbance of each solution was measured and recorded. The student plotted absorbance versus concentration, as shown in the figure above. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the variance of the data point for the 0.600 M CuSO4 solution? (A) The cuvette into which the 0.600 M solution was placed had some water droplets inside. (B) The cuvette into which the 0.600 M solution was placed was filled slightly more than the other cuvettes. (C) The wavelength setting was accidentally moved away from that of maximum absorbance. (D) The cuvette used for the 0.600 M solution had not been wiped clean before being put in the spectrophotometer. Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -16-  X2 + Y2 Æ X2Y2 rate = k[X2] 28. A reaction and its experimentally determined rate law are represented above. A chemist proposes two different possible mechanisms for the reaction, which are given below. Mechanism 1 Mechanism 2 X2 Æ 2 X (slow) X2 Æ 2 X (slow) X + Y2 Æ XY2 (fast) X + Y2 Æ XY + Y (fast) X + XY2 Æ X2Y2 (fast) X + XY Æ X2Y (fast) X2Y + Y Æ X2Y2 (fast) Based on the information above, which of the following is true? (A) Only mechanism 1 is consistent with the rate law. (B) Only mechanism 2 is consistent with the rate law. (C) Both mechanism 1 and mechanism 2 are consistent with the rate law. (D) Neither mechanism 1 nor mechanism 2 is consistent with the rate law. FeF2(s) Æ̈ Fe2+(aq) + 2 F −(aq) K1 = 2 × 10−6 F −(aq) + H+(aq) Æ̈ HF(aq) K2 = 1 × 103 FeF2(s) + 2 H+(aq) Æ̈ Fe2+(aq) + 2 HF(aq) K3 = ? 29. On the basis of the information above, the dissolution of FeF2(s) in acidic solution is (A) thermodynamically favorable, because K2 > 1 (B) thermodynamically favorable, because K3 > 1 (C) not thermodynamically favorable, because K1 < 1 (D) not thermodynamically favorable, because K3 < 1 Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -17- 30. Thymine and adenine form a base pair in the DNA molecule. These two bases can form a connection between two strands of DNA via two hydrogen bonds. Which of the following diagrams shows the correct representation of the hydrogen bonding (denoted by dashed lines) between thymine and adenine base pairs? (In each diagram, thymine is shown at the left and adenine is shown at the right. The bases are attached to the backbone portion of the DNA strands.) (A) (B) (C) (D) Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -18- 31. A sample containing atoms of C and F was analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The portion of the spectrum showing the 1s peaks for atoms of the two elements is shown above. Which of the following correctly identifies the 1s peak for the F atoms and provides an appropriate explanation? (A) Peak X, because F has a smaller first ionization energy than C has. (B) Peak X, because F has a greater nuclear charge than C has. (C) Peak Y, because F is more electronegative than C is. (D) Peak Y, because F has a smaller atomic radius than C has. Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. -19- Questions 32-34 refer to the following. 5 H2O2(aq) + 2 MnO4−(aq) + 6 H+(aq) Æ 2 Mn2+(aq) + 8 H2O(l) + 5 O2(g) In a titration experiment, H2O2(aq) reacts with aqueous MnO4-(aq) as represented by the equation above. The dark purple KMnO4 solution is added from a buret to a colorless, acidified solution of H2O2(aq) in an Erlenmeyer flask. (Note: At the end point of the titration, the solution is a pale pink color.) 32. At a certain time during the titration, the rate of 34. Which of the following best describes what appearance of O2(g) was 1.0 ¥ 10-3 mol/(Lⴢs). happens to the pH of the H2O2 solution as the titration proceeds? What was the rate of disappearance of MnO4- at the same time? (A) The +2 charge on the manganese ions maintains the acidity of the solution. (A) 6.0 ¥ 10-3 mol/(Lⴢs) (B) The production of water dilutes the solution, (