AP Bio Final Week Review PDF

1. If 128 molecules of the general type shown in the general type shown in the figure below were covalently joined together in sequence the single molecule that would result would be a a. Polysaccharide b. Monosaccharide c. Polyunsaturated lipid d...

1. If 128 molecules of the general type shown in the general type shown in the figure below were covalently joined together in sequence the single molecule that would result would be a a. Polysaccharide b. Monosaccharide c. Polyunsaturated lipid d. Disaccharide 2. Atoms have no electric charge because they have a. Uncharged neutrons in their nuclei b. An unequal number of protons and neutrons c. An equal number of protons and electrons d. An equal number of charged and uncharged subatomic particles 3. Which of the following is true of oxygen that has 8 protons 8 neutrons and 8 electrons? a. It has a charge of +8 b. It has a mass number of 8 c. It has an atomic number of 8 d. It has atomic number of 8 4. Which of the following best explain why argon, which is a noble gas does not react with other elements noble gases a. Have completely paired up and stable electron shells b. Have very small atoms c. Are not found in abundance on our planet d. Have a high positive charge that repels most elements 5. What is the term used for a change in a protein's three dimensional shape or conformation due to disruption of bonds which usually renders a protein nonfunctional? a. Denaturation b. Destabilization c. Hydrolysis d. Denaturation 6. Which of the following statements correctly describes catabolic pathways a. They consume energy to build a polymers from monomers  b. They do not depend on enzymes c. They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers d. They lead to synthesis of catabolic compounds e. Both a and b e 7. How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzymatic reaction? a. By changing the free energy of the reaction b. By acting as a coenzyme for the reaction c. By decreasing the activation energy d. By changing the structure of the enzyme Refer to the figure below 8. Which of the curve represents the behavior of an enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in a hot springs at temperatures of 70 c or higher a. Curve 5 b. Curve 4 c. Curve 2 d. Curve 1 e. Curve 3 9. Which curve was most likely generated from analysis of an enzyme from a human stomach where conditions are strongly acidic? a. Curve 3 b. Curve 5 c. Curve 1 d. Curve 2 e. Curve 4 10. Which letter represents change in free energy in the reaction graphed below  a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 11. A salamander relies on hydrogen bonding to stick to various surfaces therefore a salamander would have the greatest difficulty clinging to a a. Slightly damp surface b. Surface of hydrocarbon c. Surface of mostly carbon oxygen bonds d. Surface of mostly carbon nitrogen bonds 12. Which of the following models represent an atom that is most likely to form a cation with a charge of +1 b 13. How are the hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules  a. By the attraction between the positive end of one water molecule with the negative end of the other b. By sharing the electrons between two molecules c. By the transfer of electrons from one water molecule to the other d. By sharing protons between two water molecules 14. Which of the following properties of water is responsible for the formation of raindrops? a. Cohesion b. Adhesion c. High thermal energy d. High kinetic energy 15. On a hot day temperature of land rises more quickly than that of a sea which of the following statements best describes the processes a. Specific heat of soil is less than water b. Specific heat of soil is more than water c. It rains more over the sea d. Dry soil soaks more water 16. Rubbing alcohol swab on the skin feels cool because a. Liquid alcohol transfers cold temperature to the skin b. The density of alcohol is less than water c. Alcohol destroys skin microorganisms and they give off cold heat as they die d. Skin transfers heat to the liquid alcohol and the alcohol evaporates 17. Which answer best describe why ice float in liquid water a. The high surface tension of liquid water keeps the ice on top b. The ionic bonds between the molecules in ice prevent the ice from shrinking c. Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water d. The crystalline lattice of ice causes it to be denser than liquid water 18. A solution of pH 7 is _____ than a solution of pH 8 a. 100% less acidic b. 100% more acidic c. Twice as acidic d. Ten times as acidic 19. As the H3O+ of the solution decreases the OH- a. Increases and thus pH increase b. Increases and thus pH decreases c. Decreases and this the pH decreases d. Decreases and thus the pH increases 20. Thalidomide was sold as a "racemic mixture" to pregnant women to treat morning sickness during pregnancy but the drug was found to harm fetuses in the womb. It was banned in 1962. Which of the following reasons is the best explanation of the harmful effects of the drug? a. Race Mixture of any compound is always toxic and should be avoided b. One enantiomer of thalidomide is a sedative but the other is a teratogen c. Thalidomide is not isomeric in a nature thus causes adverse events d. Thalidomide was under dosed 21 use the following figure The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as a. Enantiomers b. Structural isomers c. Cis trans isomers d. Chain length isomers 22. The 20 different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and physical properties because of different a. Carboxyl groups attached to an alpha carbon b. Side chains r groups c. Alpha a carbons d. Amino acids 23. What would be a consequence of changing one amino acid in a protein consisting of 235 amino acids? a. The primary structure of protein would be changed b. The tertiary structure of the protein might be changed c. The Biological activity or function of the protein might be altered d. A and c e. A b and c 24. Humans can digest scratch but not cellulose because  a. Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha a glycosidic linkage of starch but not the beta glycosidic linkage of cellulose b. The monomer of starch is glucose while the monomer of cellulose is maltose c. The monomer of starch is glucose while the monomer of cellulose is galactose d. Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the beta glycosidic linkage of starch but not the alpha a glycosidic linkage of cellulose 25. Atp is necessary for life because a. It taste good b. It is soluble in water c. It speeds up the biological process d. It is the principle energy carrying molecules in a cell 26. How many molecules of water are required for the polymerization of a 22 monomer long cellulose molecule a. 11 b. 21 c. 22 d. 44 27. Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions a. The reaction proceeds with a release of free energy b. An input of energy from the surroundings is required for the reactions to proceed c. The reactions are nonspontaneous d. Some reactants will be converted to products 28. The difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar is a. The number of carbon atoms b. The position of the hydroxyl groups c. The position of the carbonyl group d. The ring form and the linear chain 29. Starch is composed of which of the following? a. Branched amylopectin and branched amylose b. Unbranched amylopectin and unbranched amylose c. Branched amylopectin and unbranched amylose d. Unbranched amylopectin and branched amylose 30. Which polysaccharide is an important component is the structure of many animal and fungal cells? a. Chitin b. Cellulose c. Amylopectin d. Amylose 31. The term insoluble fiber on food packaged refers to which of the following molecules a. Cellulose b. Polypeptides c. Starch d. amylopectin 32. People who are lactose intolerant cannot extract energy from milk because a. An enzyme is not functioning correctly b. Lactose is too big to be digested by the enzymes c. Milk is fermented to a by product which cannot be digested d. They are missing the bacteria that can digest lactose 33. An amino acid is a protein as a glucose molecule is to a. Glycogen b. A lipid c. Nucleic acid d. A tripeptide 34. Which of the following statements about lipids is true a. Lipids are not organic in nature b. Lipids does not constitute of waxes and pigments c. Lipids mix poorly with water d. Lipids are true polymers 35. Which of the following statements describes the interaction of water molecules with phospholipids? a. The polar heads avoid water; the nonpolar tails attract water because water is polar and opposites attract b. phospholipids do not interact with water because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar c. The polar heads interact with water the nonpolar tails do not d. Phospholipids dissolve in water 36. A pot of water on a stove is at 100 which is true a. All energy entering the system leaves as kinetic energy b. All energy entering the system is used as thermal energy c. All energy leaving the system is thermal energy d. The thermal energy entering the system transforms to potential energy 37. Which of the following statements correctly describes saturated fats a. They are more common in plants than in animals b. They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chain of their fatty acids c. They are generally liquid at room temp  d. They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats that consist of the same number of carbon atoms 38. Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reactions a. Heat content b. Activation energy c. Free energy content d. Endothermic level 39. Which of the following is true for anabolic pathways a. They do not depend on enzymes b. They are chemical reactions that release energy to make polymers c. They store energy by building up polymers from monomers d. They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers 40. succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate. The reaction is inhibited by malonic acid, a substance that resembles succinate but cannot be acted upon by succinate dehydrogenase. Increasing the amount of succinate molecules to those of malonic acid reduces the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. a. Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme the fumarate is the substrate b. Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme and the malonic acid is the substrate c. Malonic acid is the product and the fumarate is a competitive inhibitor d. Succinate is the substrate and fumarate is the product 41. Based on your knowledge of polarity water molecules the solute molecule is most likely a. Positively charged b. Negatively charged c. Without charge d. Hydrophobic 42. Which of the following is an example of coupling of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic one a. unicellular organisms that live in freshwater such as amoebas must pump out excess water using their contractile vacuoles b. The enzyme lactase binds with lactose to produce molecules of glucose and galactose c. Electrons escaping from chlorophyll a are replaced by those released by the hydrolysis of water d. The flow of electrons down an electron transport chain in mitochondria allows the powering of protons being pumped against a gradient into outer compartment 43. Biological systems use free energy based on empirical data that all organism require a constant energy input the first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed for living organisms which of the following statement is an important consequence of this first law  a. The energy content of an organism except for when its cells are dividing b. The organism must ultimately obtain all the necessary energy for life from its environment c. The entropy of an organism's decreases with time as the organism grow in complexity d. Organisms are unable to transform energy from the different state in which it can exist 44. Which of the following molecules contain a glycosidic linkage type of covalent bond a. 15 b. 13 c. 12 d. 6 e. 4 45. Which of the following molecules act as building blocks of polypeptide monomers ? a. 12 13 15 b. 2 7 8 c. 7 8 13  d. 1 4 6 e. 11 12 13 Frq. 1. Know how to calculate the reaction rate - lab 2. Stanley miller's experiment 3. Explain the process that will need to take place in order for the amino acids to join together and form a polymer what is the process called and what bond will result 4. Label parts of protein structure 5. Water is essential to living system a. Explain polar covalent bonding b. Hydrogen bond and how polar covalent leads to the hydrogen bonding between adjacent molecules c. Properties of water 6. Label dna nucleic acid