Araling Panlipunan 10th Grade 2nd Quarter Reviewer PDF

**I. GLOBALISASYON** **A. Overview** - Before the Spaniards arrived in our country, we already had globalization present with the trade and comings of the Chinese in the Philippines. - Formal globalization came during the time of the **British Industrial Revolution** which had con...

**I. GLOBALISASYON** **A. Overview** - Before the Spaniards arrived in our country, we already had globalization present with the trade and comings of the Chinese in the Philippines. - Formal globalization came during the time of the **British Industrial Revolution** which had contributed to the world's advancing machinery like the *spinning jenny, cotton wool,* and the *spinning mule* which are used in the production of fabrics and clothing, transportation devices like cars and trains, and many more. 1. **Pamahalaan** (Government) -- This agency ensures that its territories are protected against abusive capitalist/s, oppression, and other social injustices. 2. **Paaralan** (Schools) -- As nurturers of knowledge for students, it is crucial that they be taught the acceptance for diversity in religion, culture, language, and others. Important concepts that should be taught are *ethnocentrism* and *xenocentrism.* Other than this, schools should follow along global decisions, like how the Philippines implemented the K-12 curriculum. 3. ***Mass Media* and Social Media** -- Its role in spreading and distributing information about the world and relevant issues is crucial. It's because of these that we even have any sort of knowledge about the outside world, like wars between countries and other conflicts. 4. **Multinasyonal na mga Korporasyon** -- It has a big role in advancing a country's economy, like how it advances business, trade, as well as investments with other countries. 5. **Nongovernmental Organization (NGO)** -- An association with the goal of progressing the society's people. This also serves as a bridge between the people and the government. Through this have we implemented projects like *women empowerment, sustainable development, building community participation,* and spreading knowledge to the public about certain issues. 6. **Mga Internasyonal ng Organisasyon** -- As a country part of global associations, this also plays a big role for our sake. We have the chances to go into debt if our countries are poor when it comes to our economy. **B. Concept of Sustainable Development (Likas-kayang Pag-unlad)** **Sustainable Development** -- a way of growing and developing a society that meets the needs of the present while also ensuring that **future generations** can meet their needs. - Introduced in 1983 and stemmed from the **Brundtland Commission**, referring to the **World Commission on Environment and Development** from former Norwegian prime minister **Gro Harlem Brundtland**. - It aims to complete all 17 goals by the year 2030 (hence why it is also called the **SDG 2030**). **History of Sustainable Development** **1962** -- The book *Silent Spring* written by **Rachel Carson** was published. The book goes on about our nature's current state. **1969** -- The **National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)** was established in the USA, with the goal of maintaining the proper relationship between the people and nature. **1970** -- The **United States Environmental Protection Agency** was established, with the goal to protect and care for all nature in the world. **1972** -- A conference was held in **Stockholm, Sweden** organized by the **United Nations**. **1987** -- The book **Our Common Future** by the **Brundtland Commision** was published. **1992** -- The **Earth Summit** was established in **Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.** In here too was the **Agenda 21**, a program for sustainable development established, as well as the **Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.** **1997** -- The **Kyoto Protocol** was made, with the goal of lessening and maintaining the release of greenhouse gases in concern for climate change. This was supported by former US president **George Bush.** **2000** -- The **Millenium Development Goals** or the **MDG 2015** was established. With 8 goals, it has served as the foundation for the **SDG 2030.**  **2002** -- An assembly was held between world leaders again in **Johannesburg, South Africa** and was called the **Johannesburg Summit.** **2009** -- The **Convention on Biological Diversity** or **COP 15** occurred. It was the 15^th^ assembly held between world leaders in concern for nature. **2012** -- The **Rio+20**, AKA the **United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development** held in **Rio de Janeiro, Brazil** was launched. **Challenges and Obstacles of Sustainable Development** 1\. **Sariling Interes at Kagustuhan** (own interests and wants) 2\. **Kahirapan** (Poverty) 3\. **Hindi pagkakapantay-pantay** (inequality) 4\. **Paglobo ng populasyon** (rise in population) 5\. **Paghahanap ng mga alternatibong enerhiya** (search of alternative energy) **II. UNEMPLOYMENT** **A. Overview** - Obtaining a country's **Unemployment Rate** is by taking the number of unemployed divided by the labor force then multiplied by 100. **B. Classifications** 1. **Frictional Unemployment** -- refers to those who are currently unemployed because they are either looking for their first job or transferring from one job to another. Under this can be college students or those taking a break before returning to the labor force. 2. **Structural Unemployment** -- refers to those unemployed because their skills or jobs now either misalign or are no longer useful. Under this can be advanced machinery in factories. 3. **Cyclical Unemployment** -- refers to unemployment due to *economic recession**.*** Example can be a company needing less workers for reduced production, therefore laying off other workers. - **Economic Recession** -- refers to the collapse of an economy. - **Layoff** -- refers to the termination of employment due to business reasons. 4. **Seasonal Unemployment** -- refers to the shut down or slowing of business due to seasonal changes. Under this can be farmers or other jobs depending on seasons or agricultural jobs. - **Full Employment** -- everyone who needs a job has a job. - **Underemployed** -- working for a job for which they are overqualified. - **Discouraged Workers** -- those who have stopped looking for work altogether. Below are some of the **causes (dahilan)** and **effects (epekto)** of **Unemployment:** **DAHILAN** **EPEKTO** ----------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ 1\. Advancing Technology 1\. Rise in crime 2\. Frictional Unemployment 2\. Family Problems 3\. Economic Recession 3\. Decreased living quality/conditions 4\. Mistreatment of Workers 4\. Loss of trust in the government's services 5\. High Qualifications 5\. Economic Recession **III. MIGRASYON** **A. Overview** - Better career opportunities - Finding refuge - Joining family members or relatives who have already migrated - Studying in a different area or place - **Flow** -- refers to the number of people entering or exiting a country (usually measured monthly) **\> Inflow/entries/immigration** -- foreigners coming into our country **\> Outflow/departures/emigration** -- Filipinos exiting the country - **Net Migration** -- is obtained by subtracting the outflows from inflows. - **Stock** -- the number of foreigners living in a country or place (including refugees). +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **People immigrate as:** | **Countries that get a lot of | | | inflow include:** | | \> Manual laborers | | | | \> Australia | | \> Highly qualified specialists | | | | \> New Zealand | | \> Entrepreneurs | | | | \> Canada | | \> Refugees | | | | \> USA | | \> Family members and etc. | | | | *\* A lot of these migrants are | | | from Asia, Africa, and Latin | | | America.* | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - *A region's inflows can reflect their policies and laws.* **B. Classifications** 1. **Irregular Migrants** -- migrants who have overstayed and do not have the needed legal documents or permits to extend their stay. 2. **Temporary Migrants** -- migrants who migrate for a specific purpose, a specific time, and the intention to return to their home place/country. 3. **Permanent Migrants** -- migrants with the full intention of working and staying in a foreign place/country, and therefore would need to update their citizenship. **C. Issues** 1. **Forced Labor** 2. **Human Trafficking** 3. **Slavery** **D. Additional Terms** - **Bologna Accord** - is a series of ministerial meetings and agreement between European countries designed to ensure comparability in the standards and quality of higher education qualifications. - **Washington Accord** - is a multi-lateral agreement between bodies responsible for accreditation or recognition of tertiary-level engineering qualifications within their jurisdictions who have chosen to work collectively to assist the mobility of professional engineers. **E. Effects** - **Effects on country receiving inflow:** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Good Effects** | **Bad Effects** | | | | | \> Increased population | \> Added security and expenditure | | | | | \> Added economical income | \> Possibilities of overcrowding | | | | | \> Added workforce | | | | | | \> Migrants can earn lower | | | salaries compared to workers | | | native to the country | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - **Effects on country receiving outflow:** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Good Effects** | **Bad Effects** | | | | | \> Money brought over can be good | \> Workforce loss | | for economy | | | | \> Brain drain (loss of | | \> Unemployment is resolved | expertise) | | (partially) | | | | \> Gender imbalances | | \> Migrants that also come in | | | bring expertise | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **IV. GRAFT AT KORAPSYON** **A. Overview** **B. Classifications** **V. SULIRANING TERITORYAL AT HANGGANAN (Territorial and Border Conflicts)** **A. Overview/Important Terms** - **Archipelagic Doctrine** -- international law that allows archipelagic states (countries like the Philippines) to treat their surrounding waters as their own, giving them right to use it for their resources, economy, or others. - **Territorial Sea** -- belt of coastal waters extending up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline. - **Contiguous Zone** -- area adjacent to the territorial sea, extending up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline. - **Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)** -- area 200 nautical miles from the baseline, wherein the state or country is free to protect, study, or do whatever else within it. - **UNCLOS** -- **United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea**, is an international treaty that establishes a legal framework for the use and management of the world\'s seas and oceans. It was adopted in **1982** and entered into force in **1994**. - **Republic Act No**. **9522** -- law signed in 2009 that recognizes the **Kalayaan Islang Group (KIG) or Spratly Islands** and the **Bajo de Masinloc or the Scarborough Shoal** as *"Regime of Islands"* which means they have their own territorial sea, contiguous zone, and EEZ but are not enclosed by the archipelagic baselines. *Note: Please do your own additional research regarding the issue between the Philippines and China involving the West Philippine Sea.* **VI. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION** **4 Elements of a State:** - Populasyon/Mamamayan -- a state must have a group of people residing in its boundaries. - Pamahalaan -- a state must have a functioning government to establish laws, maintain order, and represent the state in international contexts. - Teritoryo -- A state must have a defined geographical area or boundaries over which it has sovereignty. - Soberanya -- a state must have authority over its affairs without the interference of external powers.