Cells Mid-Unit Review Answer Key PDF

Name:______________________ Cells Mid-Unit Review As part of your review, answer each of the questions to follow on a separate piece of paper. 1 ) What is a cell? (Lesson 1) A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. It is typically...

Name:______________________ Cells Mid-Unit Review As part of your review, answer each of the questions to follow on a separate piece of paper. 1 ) What is a cell? (Lesson 1) A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. It is typically microscopic. 2) What are the 6 characteristics of living things? (Lesson 1) Living things grow in size, reproduce, and are able to repair themselves. Living things require energy. Living things respond to changes in their environment Living things have a lifespan. Living things are made of one or more cells Living things produce waste. 3) What is the cell theory? (3 key ideas) (Lesson 2) All living things are made up of one or more cells The cell is the basic unit of life. All cells come from pre-existingcells 4) Who was the first person to discover cells? When? (Lesson 2) Robert Hooke around 1665 5) Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell? (Lesson 3) Mitochondria 6) Which organelle is the major part of the cell that acts like the brain of the cell and it helps with the growth of the cell? (Lesson 3) Nucleus 7) Which organelle is a goopy substance that holds the parts of the cell together? (Lesson 3) Cytoplasm 8) Which organelle works like a vacuum? (Lesson 3) Vacuole 9) Which organelle protects the outer layer of the plant cell? (Lesson 3) Cell Wall 10) Which organelle is found within plant cells and helps facilitate photosynthesis? (Lesson 3) Choloroplasts 11) Which organelle helps to keep everything separate (from the outside)? (Lesson 3) Cell Membrane 12) What are the main structural differences between plant and animal cells? Why these differences are important for each type of cell. (Lesson 4) Plant cells contain cell walls and chloroplasts. The cell wall provides structure and allows the plant to support itself. The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which helps allow the plant cell to carry out photosynthesis. The vacuole is bigger in plant cells because it stores more water and nutrients and it helps maintain turgor pressure and keeps the plant rigid and upright. Animal cells do not have cells walls or chloroplasts. Animals have other ways of supporting themselves, and they do not need to carry out photosynthesis. Animal cells have lysosomes. This organelle helps to make sure that nutrients and food are digested properly. 13) What is diffusion and why is it important for the cell? (Lesson 5) Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This process is essential for cells to get nutrients they need and to remove waste products. 14) What is osmosis and why is it important for the cell? (Lesson 5) Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that involves water molecules. In osmosis water moves from an area where it is more concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated across a semi-permeable membrane. Osmosis is important for maintaining the right amount of water inside the cells. It helps balance the water content inside the cells, stopping them from swelling up or shrinking. 15) What are the 4 main differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms (# of cells, movement, nutrition, gas exchange)? (Lesson 6) - Unicellular organisms are made up of only ONE cell - Multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell - Unicellular organisms use structures like cilia, flagella or pseudopods for movements - Multicellular organisms use muscles and skeletons or other specialized structures to help them move - Unicellular organisms absorb nutrients directly from their environment (e.g. Amoeba captures its food by moving and changing shape) - Multicellular organisms have specialized systems for digestion (breaks down the food and absorbs the nutrients. - Unicellular organisms exchange gases directly through their cell membrane. - Multicellular organisms have organs and organ systems like lungs and gills to exchange gases. 16) Name three unicellular organisms. (Lesson 6) Amoeba, Paramecium, Bacteria, Diatom etc. 17) How are tissues, organs and organ systems formed? Provide an example of each. (Lesson 7) Tissues are formed by cells that perform the same function that group together and they form tissues. E.g. Muscle cells form muscle tissue, which helps movement. Organs are formed by different tissues that work together to form organs. E.g. The heart is an organ made up of muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nerve tissue, all working together to pump blood. Organ systems are organs that work together and they form organ systems. E.g the heart, blood vessels, and blood make up the circulatory system, which transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. 18) How are multicellular organisms organized? (Lesson 7) Organelles to Cells to Tissues to Organs to Organ systems to Organisms 19) What are the three levels of permeability? Explain. (Lesson 6) Permeable - All substances can pass through Selectively (or Semi-) Permeable - Only certain substances can pass through Impermeable - No substances can pass through 20) What are the 2 types of cells that we learned about? Explain each. (Lesson 2) Prokaryotic Cells: These are simple, single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotic Cells: These are more complex cells with a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells make up plants, animals, fungi, and protists.