Animal Nutrition Midterm Lecture Notes PDF

UNIT 1:THE ANIMAL AND ITS FOOD Concentrates animal feeds that are rich in energy and/or protein but low in Food/Feed fiber (corn, soy...

UNIT 1:THE ANIMAL AND ITS FOOD Concentrates animal feeds that are rich in energy and/or protein but low in Food/Feed fiber (corn, soybean meal, oats, wheat, molasses, etc.) any material that, after ingestion by animals, is capable of being digested, absorbed, and utilized. Supplement feed or feed mixture used to improve the nutritional value of Nutrition the ration complementing the nutrients in the base feed properties by which a living organism ingests, digests, rich in one or more of protein, energy, vitamins or minerals. absorbs, transports, uses, and excretes nutrients. And in combination with the base feeds, produces a more complete feed. primarily concerned with the properties of food that build sound bodies and promote health Ensiled Plant materials preserved by anaerobic fermentation and Nutrient stored in a bag, bunker, wrapped bale or upright silo. chemical element or compound that is essential for normal body metabolism Silage Feed preserved by an anaerobic fermentation process in any feed constituent or group of feed constituents of the same which lactic acid and volatile fatty acids lower the pH of the general chemical composition that aids in support of animal silage which preserves the silage life dietary essential for one or more species of animals Functions of Nutrients 1. making up the structure of the animal body 2. maintaining health and wellness 3. controlling metabolic processes, such as growth, cell activity, enzyme production and temperature regulation. 4. Providing energy: can be stored or transformed 5. Can be used immediately or for later use Dry Matter – Organic Carbohydrates – main form of energy storage in plants Essential or Indispensable Nutrients required in the diet because they cannot be synthesized by Lipids – formed from carbohydrates after photosynthesis; the body in sufficient amount to satisfy metabolic needs concentrated in plant seeds Non-essential Nutrients Proteins – combination of amino acids; incorporation of N one that isn’t needed in the diet because it’s manufactured by (absorbed by plants) to other elements the body Water Nutrient Requirements major item in most animal’s diet; water content of animal body Minimum amounts of nutrients necessary to meet an animal’s varies with age; new born or neonates contains 750g-800g of real needs for maintenance, growth, reproduction, lactation or water per kg body weight; vital to life and its contents should work be maintained Nutritive Value (NV) no evidence that excess of drinking water is harmful; water feed’s protein, mineral and energy composition, availability of content of foods (60 g/g in concentrates to over 900 g/kg in energy, and efficiency of energy utilization some root crops), water content of growing plants id related to the stage of growth, being grater in younger plants Ration refers to the 24-hour feed allowance for an individual animal Functions of Water 1. act as solvent: nutrient transport Balanced Ration 2. act as solvent: waste product excretion complete feed formulated to provide a specific animal species 3. many chemical reactions takes place in solution and and class with appropriate amounts of all nutrients required involves hydrolysis for maintenance and a given level of performance. 4. helps in maintaining or regulating body temperature because of its high latent heat of vaporization Nutrient Absorption and Formation by Plants obtain nutrition from plants; most feed ingredients comes from Sources of Water plant sources 1. Drinking water 2. Water present in the food plants incorporates simple substances (CO2, water) into 3. Metabolic water – formed during metabolism by the complex substances (e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and oxidation of hydrogen containing organic nutrients vitamins); brought largely by photosynthesis Water Requirements of Animals Dry forages or roughage >18% fiber nature of the nitrogenous end products of protein metabolism Succulent forages or >18% fiber excreted in urine influences water requirement roughage Silages >18% fiber increased in cold weather because feed intake is increased; Energy feeds