Anemia Listening Guide PDF

**Erythrocytes** What is a RBC? What is a normal value for the following: - Male adult - Female adult - Child 6 mo -- 18 year: - Newborn: Where are RBCs formed? - What stimulates the formation of RBCs? - What hormone is responsible for stimulating RBCs? - What is the li...

**Erythrocytes** What is a RBC? What is a normal value for the following: - Male adult - Female adult - Child 6 mo -- 18 year: - Newborn: Where are RBCs formed? - What stimulates the formation of RBCs? - What hormone is responsible for stimulating RBCs? - What is the lifespan of RBCs? - What organ is responsible for lysing and extracting the RBC from the bloodstream? - List at least 5 diseases/disorders/syndromes/problems/normal instances that may cause a decrease in RBCs. Describe why they are decreased in each one. An example is given. - Pregnancy: normal body fluid increase that dilute RBCs and elements of nutritional deficiencies associated with the pregnancies such as iron and folate. - - - - - - Describe instances where the RBC/Hgb and Hct may increase Describe what Hgb and Hct represent Describe the clinical significance of an increased Hgb level Describe the clinical significance of an increased Hgb level What vitamins/minerals are essential for RBC formation and maturity? *Describe each one and how it effects the formation of RBC. An example is given* - Iron- absorbed in the small intestine to bind to a protein called transferrin which transports to the bone marrow. Iron is used to create heme. This forms the functional unit to allow for oxygen binding. - - - What foods contain rich components of all the vitamins and minerals discussed in the prvious question? **ANEMIA** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the term Anemia | | | generally | | +===================================+===================================+ | What is the tissue/organ result | | | of anemia? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | What cells are used to classify | | | anemia? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the interpretation of | - MCV: | | MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW | | | | - MCH: | | | | | | - MCHC: | | | | | | - RDW: | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | classify anemia based on | - Moderate anemia is present | | severity. | when the hemoglobin is | | | approximately 7 to 10 g/dL. | | | Many patients in the clinical | | | setting have moderate anemia | | | with minimal or no signs and | | | symptoms. | | | | | | - Severe anemia is present when | | | the hemoglobin level is below | | | 7 g/dL | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the *GENERAL* signs and | | | symptoms of anemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Overview | Most common type usually caused | | | by blood loss | +===================================+===================================+ | Signs and symptoms | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Causes/Patho | Blood loss is usually related to | | | GI or menstruation | | | | | | Aging population due to decreased | | | motility and absorption | | | | | | Decreased intake or malabsorption | | | of iron rich foods | | | | | | Iron is stored in the body as | | | ferritin. It is formed in the | | | intestinal mucosa. Ferritin iron | | | joins with transferrin forming | | | heme. Hemoglobin assembles into a | | | protein chain that is the | | | functional unit responsible for | | | oxygen binding. When iron levels | | | are low, the body cannot produce | | | enough hemoglobin, leading to | | | insufficient oxygen carrying | | | cells. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the MCV and MCH results | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe who is at highest risk | | | developing this type of anemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the nursing assessment | | | and abnormal findings associated | | | with this type of anemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | List therapeutic management of | - Find the cause of anemia | | this type of anemia (some | related to bleeding | | examples are given) | | | | - Fecal occult blood test | | | (FOBT) to identify | | | bleeding in the GI tract | | | | | | - Include iron-fortified | | | formula as needed for an | | | infant | | | | | | - Educate parents in food | | | choices high in iron (breads, | | | cereals, dark green leafy | | | vegs, egg yolks, kidney | | | beans, liver, meats, raisins, | | | tofu, potatoes, dried fruits | | | | | | - - - - - - - - - | | | - - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | List medications that may be | | | administered (include any | | | additional information for each | | | type of medication) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe a teaching plan for | | | prevention of complications | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Vitamin B12 Defiency Anemia** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Overview | | +===================================+===================================+ | Signs and symptoms | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Causes/Patho | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the MCV and MCH results | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe who is at highest risk | | | developing this type of anemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the nursing assessment | | | and abnormal findings associated | | | with this type of anemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | List therapeutic management of | - - - - - - - - - | | this type of anemia (some | - - - | | examples are given) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | List medications that may be | | | administered (include any | | | additional information for each | | | type of medication) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe a teaching plan for | | | prevention of complications | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Overview | | +===================================+===================================+ | Signs and symptoms | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Causes/Patho | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the MCV and MCH results | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe who is at highest risk | | | developing this type of anemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the nursing assessment | | | and abnormal findings associated | | | with this type of anemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | List therapeutic management of | - - - - - - - - - | | this type of anemia (some | - - - | | examples are given) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | List medications that may be | | | administered (include any | | | additional information for each | | | type of medication) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe a teaching plan for | | | prevention of complications | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Aplastic Anemia** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Overview | | +===================================+===================================+ | Signs and symptoms | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Causes/Patho | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the diagnostic results | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe who is at highest risk | | | developing this type of anemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the nursing assessment | | | and abnormal findings associated | | | with this type of anemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | List therapeutic management of | - - - - - - - - - | | this type of anemia (some | - - - | | examples are given) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | List medications that may be | | | administered (include any | | | additional information for each | | | type of medication) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe a teaching plan for the | | | prevention of complications | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Sickle Cell Anemia** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Overview | | +===================================+===================================+ | Signs and symptoms | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Causes/Patho | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the diagnostic results | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe who is at highest risk | | | developing this type of anemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe the nursing assessment | | | and abnormal findings associated | | | with this type of anemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | List therapeutic management of | - - - - - - - - - | | this type of anemia (some | - - - | | examples are given) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | List medications that may be | | | administered (include any | | | additional information for each | | | type of medication) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Describe a teaching plan for the | | | prevention of complications | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+