Anatomy of Urinary System PDF

URINARY SYSTEM Prof Dr Mohamed El-Badry Mohamed Professor and Head of Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Head of Academic Departments Faculty of Medicine, Merit University Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty o...

URINARY SYSTEM Prof Dr Mohamed El-Badry Mohamed Professor and Head of Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Head of Academic Departments Faculty of Medicine, Merit University Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Objectives of the of the Lecture By the end of the lecture the student should be able to: Mention the organs forming the urinary system Describe anatomy of the kidney and its relations Describe anatomy of the ureter and its constrictions Describe anatomy of the urinary bladder Describe anatomy of the urethra in male and its parts Describe the urethra in female What are the differences between the female and male urethra Urinary System consists of: 2 kidneys 2 ureters 1 Urinary bladder Urethra  KIDNEYS - One on each side of the vertebral column. - Extend from level of 12th thoracic vertebra to 3rd lumbar vertebra - Right kidney is lower than left one. - 12 cm length, 6 cm width and 3 cm thickness T12 L1 L2 L3  KIDNEYS (Cont.) Has 2 surfaces, 2 borders, and 2 ends. Lateral border is convex, medial border is convex at both ends and concave at its middle Middle of the medial border represents the hilum. The hilum gives passage to renal vessels and nerves and pelvis of the kidney (dilated sac extends outside the hilum to be continuous with the ureter) Structure of the kidney: Tissue of kidney is differentiated into outer cortex and inner medulla  Relations of the kidney Anterior surface: Right Kidney: 1. Right suprarenal gland 2. Duodenum 3. Liver 4. Colon 5. Small intestine  Relations of the kidney Anterior surface: Left Kidney: 1. Left suprarenal gland 2. Spleen 3. Pancreas 4. Stomach 5. Colon 6. Small intestine  Relations of posterior surface of the kidney 1. Diaphragm 2. Muscles of posterior abdominal wall A. Psoas major B. Quadratus lumborum C. Transversus abdominis  Coverings of the kidney 1. Fibrous capsule. 2. Perirenal fat. 3. Renal fascia. 4. Pararenal fat.  URETERS Two muscular tubes one on each side. Convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Each is 25 to 30 cm in length Half of its course is in abdomen, while other half in the pelvis Continuation of hilum of the kidney Opens on postero-superior angle of the urinary bladder  URETERS (Cont.) During course of ureter it has 3 sites of constriction 1. At pelvi-ureteric junction 2. Where ureter crosses common iliac artery 3. At uretero-vesical junction  URINARY BLADDER Hollow viscus with strong muscular wall which serves as a reservoir for urine. Lies in pelvic cavity directly behind pubic bones Its shape is a three sided pyramid placed on one of its angles, its capacity 220 cc Can accommodate up to 500 cc without discomfort Apex; behind upper part of symphysis pubis, continuous with median umbilical ligament Base is directed posteriorly  URINARY BLADDER (Cont.) Has 3 surfaces 1 superior and 2 inferolateral Each surface and base are triangular in shape, related to seminal vesicles and ampulla of vas deferens on each side (in male) and cervix of uterus and anterior wall of vagina (in female) Ureter enters supero-lateral angle of base Inferior angle (neck) gives rise to urethra In male, the neck rests on the prostate and continuous with prostatic part of urethra In female, it is continuous with urethra Urinary bladder in male Female Urinary Bladder Peritoneum urinary bladder Pubic bone Base of bladder Retropubic space Vagina Urethra Neck of bladder  MALE URETHRA 20 cm long, divided into 3 parts 1. Prostatic part: 3 cm in long, widest part, begins at neck of urinary bladder, surrounded by prostate. Ejaculatory duct opens into prostatic urethra 2. Membraneous urethra: 1 cm in long, narrowest, shortest. Surrounded by sphincter urethra 3. Spongy part: 16 cm, longest, traverse penis, ended by external urethral orifice Male Urethra  FEMALE URETHRA Very short 4 cm in long. Begins at neck of the bladder. Its upper part is surrounded by sphincter urethra. Shorter, wider and more dilatable than male urethra Female Urethra Peritoneum urinary bladder Pubic bone Base of bladder Retropubic space Vagina Urethra Neck of bladder THANK YOU