Respiratory System Anatomy PDF

RESPIRATOR Y SYSTEM  Objectives Enumerate the component of the respiratory system Explain the anatomical structures of the respiratory system Enumerate functions of respiratory system. Corelate the function of the respiratory system to its anatomical struc...

RESPIRATOR Y SYSTEM  Objectives Enumerate the component of the respiratory system Explain the anatomical structures of the respiratory system Enumerate functions of respiratory system. Corelate the function of the respiratory system to its anatomical structure Differentiate between left and right bronchus and lung The respiratory system is divided into.  Upper respiratory tract 1.Nose 2.Pharynx 3.Larynx  Lower respiratory tract 1. Trachea 2. Bronchial tree 3. Lungs THE NOSE The nasal cavity is:  Divided into two equal (right & left) parts by nasal septum.  Opens Anteriorly: by anterior nasal opening Posteriorly: by the posterior nasal opening  The posterior nasal openings connect the nasal cavity with the pharynx.  Function: 1.Warming, moistening of the inspired air 2. Filtration of the inspired air 3. Smell. PARANASAL SINUSES  Extension from nasal cavity into the bones of skull  Extension from nasal cavity into the bones of skull 1. Resonance of voice. 2. Lightening of the scull bone PHARYNX  Definition: it is a muscular tube extending from the base of skull to the level of the 6th cervical vertebra.  Parts: 1.Nasopharynx: behind the nose (contains adenoid). 2. Oropharynx: behind the mouth (contains tonsils). 3. Laryngopharynx: behind the larynx.  Function: Common pathway for food & air LARYNX  Fibro – cartilaginous organ connects the pharynx to the trachea  Begins at the level of C3.  Ends: opposite the C6 and continues as trachea  Function: 1. Air passage 2. Voice production TRACHEA  Length: 10 cm (4 inches)  Diameter: 1 inch  Site: Upper ½ lies in neck. Lower ½ lies in thorax.  Begins: At the level of C6 cervical vertebra  Ends: at the lower border of 4th thoracic vertebra Divide into right and left principal bronchi  Structure: Composed of 15-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage  RIGHT BRONCHUS LEFT BRONCHUS  Shorter  Longer  Wider  Narrower  More vertical  Oblique  Common passage for inhaled  Less Common passage for foreign body inhaled foreign body LUNGS  Two lungs in the thoracic cavity.  Shape: Cone-shaped, has:  Apex: directed upwards, towards the neck.  Base: directed downwards, towards the diaphragm.  RIGHT LUNG LEFT LUNG Shorter Longer Broad Narrow 2 fissures (oblique & transverse) 1 fissure (oblique) 3 lobes 2 lobes 1. Superior 1. Superior 2. Middle 2. Inferior 3. Inferior Pleura  Definition: Pleura is a closed serous sac which encloses the lung.  Layers: : 1. Visceral pleura: is the inner layer. 2. Parietal pleura: is the outer layer.  Pleural cavity: 1.Potential space that lies between the 2 layers 2. Contains a thin film of serous fluid to prevent friction between the 2 layers REFERENCE BOOK READING Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th edition, (LAWRENCE E. WINESKI). PAGES-93-96 -VESSELS https://next.amboss.com/us/ article/ZK0ZUS?q=blood+ves sels#Ze70cc99757e1ea860c d2529fb952e9f0