Respiratory System Quiz

Respiratory System Overview

• Comprises two main divisions: upper and lower respiratory tracts.
• Upper respiratory tract includes nose, pharynx, and larynx.
• Lower respiratory tract consists of trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs.

The Nose

• Divided by the nasal septum into right and left cavities.
• Anteriorly opens via the anterior nasal opening, posteriorly connects to the pharynx through the posterior nasal openings.
• Functions:
  • Warms and moistens incoming air.
  • Filters inspired air.
  • Responsible for the sense of smell.
• Paranasal sinuses extend from the nasal cavity into skull bones.
  • Functions include voice resonance and reducing skull weight.

Pharynx

• Muscular tube extending from the skull base to the sixth cervical vertebra.
• Three parts:
  • Nasopharynx (contains adenoid).
  • Oropharynx (contains tonsils).
  • Laryngopharynx (located behind the larynx).
• Serves as a common pathway for food and air.

Larynx

• Fibro-cartilaginous structure connecting pharynx to trachea.
• Begins at C3 and ends at C6 where it transitions into the trachea.
• Functions:
  • Acts as an air passage.
  • Facilitates voice production.

Trachea

• Approximately 10 cm (4 inches) long and 1 inch in diameter.
• Located in the neck and thorax, starting at C6 and ending at the lower border of the 4th thoracic vertebra.
• Composed of 15-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage for structural support.
• Divides into left and right principal bronchi.

Bronchi Comparison

• Right Bronchus:

  • Shorter, wider, and more vertical.
  • More likely to allow the passage of inhaled foreign bodies.

• Left Bronchus:

  • Longer, narrower, and more oblique.
  • Less common pathway for inhaled foreign bodies.

Lungs

• Two cone-shaped lungs located in the thoracic cavity.
• Apex directed upwards towards the neck.
• Base oriented downwards toward the diaphragm.

Test your knowledge on the components and functions of the respiratory system. This quiz covers the anatomical structures, the differentiation between left and right bronchus, and their correlation with respiratory functions. Perfect for students studying human anatomy and physiology.