Anatomy Introduction PDF

ANATOMY INTRODUCTION Course Description  This course deals with human in terms of its adaptation, structural framework, with emphasis on physiology regulations’ adaptive mechanism, integrates lecture with laboratory experiences which provides exer...

ANATOMY INTRODUCTION Course Description  This course deals with human in terms of its adaptation, structural framework, with emphasis on physiology regulations’ adaptive mechanism, integrates lecture with laboratory experiences which provides exercises and techniques necessary in clinical situations. DEFINITION  ANATOMY (ah-nat’o-me)  Coined from the greek words, tomy ( cut ), ana ( apart )  Is the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationship to one another. Approach to studying anatomy 1. GROSS ANATOMY - That is we are studying large, easily observable structures. ( Heart, bones, etc.) 2. SURFACE ANATOMY - Surface Anatomy  also called superficial anatomy and visual anatomy  deals with anatomical features that can be studied by sight, without dissection.  Aim of this method is to visualized Regional Anatomy ( topographical anatomy )  all structures in one part of the body ( such as abdomen or legs )  method of studying the body’s structure by focusing attention on a specific part Systemic anatomy - is the study of body organ system E.G 1. Intergumentary system ( dermatology ) 2. skeletal system ( osteology ) 3. articular system ( arthrology ) - joints 4. muscular system ( myology ) 5. nervous system ( neurology) Circulatoy system ( angiology ) 7. Cardiovascular system ( cardiology ) 8. Lymphatic system 9. Alimentary or digestive system ( gastroenterology ) 10. Respiratory system( pulmonology ) 11.Urinary system ( urology ) 12. Genital ( reproductive ) system a. ( gynecology for females ) b. adnrology for males 13. endocrine system ( endocrinology ) MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY That is we are studying very small structures of the body like the cells and tissues. Cystology - study of cells Histology - study of tissues PHYSIOLOGY (physio = nature; ology = the study of). Physiology focuses on function, or how structures at different levels work. Overview of the Systems NERVOUS SYSTEM  The body’s fast-acting control system. The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers. Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Controls body activities, but acts much more slowly. Produces chemical molecules called hormones and release them into the blood. The integumentary system is the body's largest organ system, and it plays a crucial role in protecting the body and maintaining homeostasis. Here’s an overview of its components and functions: SKELETAL SYSTEM Support the body and provides framework that the skeletal muscles use to cause movement. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Help to cleanse the blood and house the cells involved in immunity RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Keep the body constantly oxygenated and to remove carbon dioxide. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal to the body cells. URINARY SYSTEM Removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine. The cardiovascular system comprises the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart and vessels work intricately to provide adequate blood flow to all body parts. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Produces offspring Types of Study According to Organism Involved Cytology – Study of cells Histology – study of tissues Embryology – study of developmental changes of the body before birth. Microbiology – study of microorganisms Parasitology – study of parasitic organisms Virology – study of virus and viral diseases Zoology – study of animals of all shapes