BMS 204 Anatomy Past Paper 2024 PDF

BMS 204 Faculty of medicine Fall 20 24 Galala University gu.edu. eg  G A L A L A U N I V E R S I T Y THE FUTURE STARTS HERE Vessels of neck Dr.Waleed Nasr T H E F U...

BMS 204 Faculty of medicine Fall 20 24 Galala University gu.edu. eg  G A L A L A U N I V E R S I T Y THE FUTURE STARTS HERE Vessels of neck Dr.Waleed Nasr T H E F U T U R E S T A R T S H E R E At the end of this lecture, the students should be able to: Describe, beginning, course, termination, important relations and branches of the arteries of the neck Describe beginning, course, termination, and tributaries of the veins of the neck  Subclavian artery Origin: The right subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery while the left artery arises from the arch of aorta. Course: It enters the root of the neck behind sternoclavicular joint on each side. It arches above the apex of lung. Termination: At outer border of 1st rib  Axillary A.  Subclavian artery Parts: The scalenus anterior muscle divides the artery into 3 parts; 1st part (medial), 2nd part (deep), and 3rd part (lateral) to the muscle. Surface anatomy of subclavian artery: It is represented by a convex line, lying one inch above the clavicle and drawn from sternoclavicular joint to mid point of clavicle.  Branches of subclavian artery 1st Parts: Vertebral artery. Internal thoracic artery. Thyrocervical trunk: divides immediately into 3 branches: transverse cervical, suprascapular and inferior thyroid arteries 2nd part : Costocervical trunk which divides into: deep cervical artery and superior intercostal Arteries 3rd part Usually no branches Vertebral artery Divided into 4 parts: -First part passes upward to foramen transversum of C6. -Second part passes upward through formina transversia from C6- C1. -Third part passes over the posterior arch of atlas in suboccipital triangle -Fourth part enter cranial cavity via foramen magnum to pass over anterior surface of medulla, finally united with its opposite to form basilar artery on anterior surface of pons. 7 Keith Moore Clinically oriented Anatomy, 5th edition,  Carotid arteries.It represents the main arterial supply of head, neck & brain..Formed of CCA and its terminals ECA & ICA. common carotid artery external carotid artery.Both CCA & ICA are enclosed with IJV & vagus nerve in carotid sheath, that extends from root of the neck till the base of skull. 8 1]Common carotid artery: -Origin:.Left CCA from aortic arch..Right CCA from brachiocephalic artery. -Course:.It enters the root of the neck behind sternoclavicular joint on each side. It passes obliquely upwards & slightly laterally ICA in the carotid sheath ECA -Termination: At the upper border of thyroid cartilage. Opposite the disc between C3 - C4, by dividing into ICA & ECA (its only branches). 9 Frank H.Netter. 4th edition -At the termination of CCA there are 2 special structures:.Carotid sinus: A dilatation that contains baro-receptors for controlling arterial blood pressure..Carotid body: acts as chemo-receptor controlling O2 & Co2 contents of the blood. Clinically oriented Anatomy, 5th edition, Keith Moore 10 2]External carotid artery: -Origin: One of 2 terminal Sup. Temporal a. branches of CCA at upper border of thyroid cartilage opposite the disc between C3 – C4. -Course:.It runs upward & slightly backward outside Maxillary a the carotid sheath ECA -Termination: Within the parotid gland behind the Frank H.Netter. 4th edition neck of the mandible by dividing into superficial temporal & maxillary As. 11 Branches of ECA: Some American Ladies Found Our Pyramids So Magnificent 8 branches, arranged as follows:.3 anterior branches: Superior thyroid, lingual, & facial..2 posterior branches: Posterior auricular & occipital..1 medial branch: Ascending pharyngeal. -2 terminals (superficial temporal & maxillary). Clinically oriented Anatomy, 12 5th edition, Keith Moore 3]Internal carotid artery:.Origin: As ECA..Course: Is divided into 4 parts: -1st part is the cervical part (Within carotid sheath). - 2nd part (Petrous part) passes through carotid canal of skull. -3rd part (Cavernous part) runs in cavernous sinus -4th part (Cerebral or terminal part) emerges through roof of cavernous sinus..Termination: At base of the brain by ICA dividing into anterior & middle cerebral As. (ACA & MCA). 13 Clinically oriented Anatomy, 5th edition, Keith Moore Frank H.Netter. 4th edition Veins of the neck 2 systems on each side; subclavian & jugular. 14 Clinically oriented Anatomy, 5th edition, Keith Moore Subclavian vein:.Origin: At outer border of 1st rib as a continuation of axillary V..Termination: At medial border of scalenus anterior (medial end of the clavicle) where it Scalenus joins IJV to form anterior brachiocephalic V..Relations: It is separated from the Clinically oriented Anatomy, 5th edition, Keith Moore artery by scalenus anterior. Frank H.Netter. 4th edition.Tributaries: Only 1 → 15 EJV. Jugular veins:.There are 4 jugular veins on each side of the neck → 3 superficial 1.External jugular vein (EJV) 2. Anterior jugular vein 3. Posterior external jugular vein & one deep Keith moore (the internal jugular vein). Clinically oriented Anatomy, 5th edition, Keith Moore 16  Image result for The only tributary of subclavian vein is external jugular vein 1.External jugular vein (EJV):.Formed by union of posterior auricular vein & posterior division of retromandibular vein. At angle of the mandible -It descends superficial to sternomastoid & pierces the deep fascia to drain into the subclavian vein. Clinically oriented Anatomy, 5th edition, Keith Moore.Tributaries: 1- anterior jugular vein 2- posterior external jugular vein. 3- Suprascapular & transverse cervical veins 17 2.Anterior jugular vein:.Begins in submental triangle & descends close to midline of neck. -Rt. and It. anterior jugular veins communicate by jugular arch at suprasternal notch. -Ends by passing deep to the sternomastoid and draining into EJV. 3.Posterior external jugular vein: It drains the occipital region & upper part of the back of the neck & terminates in EJV. Clinically oriented Anatomy, 5th edition, Keith Moore 18 Internal jugular vein (IJV):.The largest & longest vein in the neck, drains veins of the brain, neck & face..Origin: A direct continuation of sigmoid sinus at the base of skull (at jugular foramen). -It has a dilatation at its beginning and its end called superior and inferior bulbs..Course & relations: It passes downward deep to sternomastoid & within the carotid sheath. 19 Clinically oriented Anatomy, 5th edition, Keith Moore Internal jugular vein (IJV):.Termination: IJV joins subclavian V. at sternoclavicular joint to form brachiocephalic V. -. 20 Clinically oriented Anatomy, 5th edition, Keith Moore.Tributaries of IJV: From above downward: 1.Inferior petrosal sinus. 2.Pharyngeal plexus & vein. 1 3.Common facial V. 4.Lingual V. 2 5.Superior thyroid V. 3 6.Middle thyroid V. 4 5 Note that 6 Vertebral vein & inferior thyroid veins end in the brachio-cephalic vein. 21 Clinically oriented Anatomy, 5th edition, Keith Moore