Anatomical Terminologies PDF

Anatomical Terminologies What have you noticed? Anatomical Position refers to a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward Standard body map Body that is lying-down Prone – face down (dapa)...

Anatomical Terminologies What have you noticed? Anatomical Position refers to a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward Standard body map Body that is lying-down Prone – face down (dapa) Supine – face up (tihaya) Directional Terms Anterior (or ventral) - front or direction toward the front of the body. Posterior (or dorsal) - back or direction toward the back of the body. Superior (or cranial) describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper. Inferior (or caudal) describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail Practice: Directional Terms Directional Terms Proximal – nearest – position in the limb closest to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body Distal – distant - position in the limb farthest to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body Medial – towards the middle of the body Lateral – means away from the midline, to towards the side Superficial – structure close to the surface Deep – structure towards the interior of the body Directional Terms The heart is medial to the lungs. The knee is proximal to the ankle. The stomach is inferior to the diaphragm. The wrist is distal to the elbow. The shoulder is proximal to the wrist. Directional Terms The thumb is lateral to the pinky finger. The skin is superficial to the muscles. The bones are deep to the skin. The fingers are distal to the hand. The thigh is proximal to the knee. Are you familiar with the Cartesian Plane? What is it made of? Subdivisions of the Abdomen Subdivisions of the Abdomen: Four Quadrant The navel (belly button) is the point of intersection Median Plane – horizontal Transverse Plane – vertical Refer to the anatomical position RUQ – Right upper quadrant LUQ – Left upper quadrant RLQ – Right lower quadrant LLQ – Left lower quadrant Subdivisions of the Abdomen: Four Quadrant All four quadrants contain portions of small and large intestine Subdivisions of the Abdomen: Nine Quadrant Hypo – below, under Chondriac – cartilage of ribs Epi – over Gastric – stomach/belly Iliac – refers to the iliac crest on the pelvis Subdivisions of the Abdomen: Nine Quadrant  How does the 4-quadrant model differ from the 9- quadrant model in terms of anatomical localization within the abdominopelvic region? Body Planes Identify how the body is sectioned according to the descriptions in the next slides. Body Planes Sagittal plane - runs vertically through the body and separates it into right and left parts Median plane - sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves Transverse plane – runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts Frontal plane (or coronal) – runs vertically and divides body into posterior and anterior parts. Body Planes Sagittal plane - runs vertically through the body and separates it into right and left parts Median plane - sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves Body Planes Transverse plane – runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts Frontal plane (or coronal) – runs vertically and divides body into posterior and anterior parts. Body Cavities: Ventral Cavity – empty space Thoracic cavity surrounded by the rib cage, separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm divided into the left and right parts by the mediastinum Body Cavities: Ventral Abdominopelvic cavity – largest cavity Abdominal cavity - bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles and contains the stomach, the intestines, the liver, the spleen, the pancreas, and the kidneys Pelvic cavity - small space enclosed by the bones of the pelvis Body Cavities: Dorsal Cranial cavity – houses the brain Spinal cavity - houses the spinal cord Serous membranes line the trunk cavities and cover the organs of these cavities Visceral serous membrane – covers the organ Parietal serous membrane – line the walls of the body cavity Serous membranes Thoracic cavity (has one pericardial cavity and two pleural cavity) Pericardial (peri- around, cardia – heart) cavity Visceral pericardium covers the heart Parietal pericardium lines the pericardial cavity Serous membrane Pleural cavity Visceral pleura – covers the lung Parietal pleura – lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall