Ana IV PDF

1. corpus spongiosum-deep artery is at corpora cavernosum (everything in the photo) a. 2. pectoralis fascia- bed of boobs, pectoralis major m too 3. suprarenal innervation a. superior- inferior phrenic b. middle- aorta c. inferior- renal artery 4. suprarenal medula is...

1. corpus spongiosum-deep artery is at corpora cavernosum (everything in the photo) a. 2. pectoralis fascia- bed of boobs, pectoralis major m too 3. suprarenal innervation a. superior- inferior phrenic b. middle- aorta c. inferior- renal artery 4. suprarenal medula is from neural crest, suprarenal cortex from mesodermic 5. internal thoracic branch into middle mammary 6. levator veli palatini- elevate soft palate when swallowing a. palatoglossus - approach them b. palatopharyngeus-pull wall of pharynx during swallowing c. Muscular uvulae- work on uvula muscle d. (above innervate by vagus nerve) 7. Tensor veli palatini innnervate by V3 mandible line 8. hard palate a. palatine process formed by maxilla b. horizontal process of palatine bones 9. incisive fossa a. open to incisive canals- nasopalatine nerves run to nose 10. The VAN above and below pectineal line  Visceral motor, art: inf portal venous lymphatics- sensory mesenteric system internal iliac innrvation artery lymph nodes Pectineal line sensory motor, internal iliac caval venous superficial sensory artery system inguinal lymph innervation nodes 11. myometrium is innervated by arcuate artery 12. The ligament of Treitz tethers is the ligament between ilium and jejunum 13. z-line the edge between esophageal mucosa and gastric mucosa 14. descending duodenum and pancreatic have major and minor duodenal papilla a. vater ampulla(hepatopancreatic)major, gallbladder w pancreatic duct b. minor duodenal papilla, santorini papilla- drains accessory pancreatic duct(is above the vater) 15. three layers of the ovary endothelium-myometrium-perimetrium 16. papillae- the teeth part that has nerve 17. occlusal surface- the teeth surface that masticates a. distal surface-to lateral b. mesial surface-contact medial c. lingual- next to tongue d. vestibular- next to lip 18. there are three constriction points of ureter-ureteropelvic junction, print of common iliac vessels at the common iliac vessel at pelvic brim, wall of urinary bladder 19. Three layers of the ovary endothelium-myometrium-Perimetrium 20. liver is at the right hypochondriac region 21. douglas pouch-rectouterine pouch 22. sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers of kidney: renal nerve plexus- comes from abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve 23. Ureter innervate a. up: renal plexus b. mid: abdominal aortic plexus c. down: sup and inf hypogastric plexus 24. jejunum and ileum difference a. jejunum-peyer patch less, more vascularization, long vasa recta, fat less b. ileum- peyer patch many, poor vascularization, short vasa recta, fat more 25. puborectalis muscle forms the puborectal ring 26. male reproductive- internal???? vessel of scrotum a. Internal pudendal artery → Perineal artery→Posterior scrotal branch b. Inferior epigastric artery → Cremasteric artery c. Femoral artery → Deep external pudendal artery→Anterior scrotal branch 27. inferior mesenteric vein drain to splenic then to portal hepatic 28. lesser curvature: left gastric vein, left and right gastric artery 29. Scrotum a. anterior: external iliac-> femoral artery ->external pudendal artery ->anterior scrotal branch (lumbar plexus) b. posterior: internal iliac artery-> internal pudendal artery -> perineal artery -> posterior scrotal branch(sacral plexus) 30. Cavernous nerve- is a parasympathetic nerve 31. spider naevi: cirrhosis 32. gynaecomastia :male，caused by homoral misbalanced 33. koilonychia :less iron 34. liver flapping/asterixis: sign of hepatic encephalopathy 35. cholecystitis: murphy sign 36. cremasteric reflex: from internal oblique muscle, genitofemoral 37. soft palate and hard palate (soft palate is wrong, but Q is forgotten) 38. Ligaments that form pelvis greater sciatic foramen lesser sciatic foramen sacrotuberous ligament sacrotuberous ligament sacropinous ligament sacrospinous ligament anterior sacro-iliac ligament transverse by piriform muscle obturatior internus muscle to reach trochanter  internal pudendal vessels, sciatic internal pudendal vessels and nerve and pudendal nerve pudendal nerve 39. Filiform does not have taste buds 40. renke pouch between adrena and neuro hypophysis 41. structure at floor of hypothalamus a. mammilary body: from fornix, ant to post perforated substance b. tuber cinerum: between mammilary body and optic chiasm, arise infundibulum, continuous with neurohypophysis c. median eminence: at base of infundibulum, demarcate by tuberoinfundibular sulcus 42. Hypothalamus control pituitary a. magnocellular neurosecretory to neurohypophysis b. parvocellular project to median eminence to adenohypophysis 43. hypothalamus influence autonomic nervous system a. parasympathetic effect: anterior hypothalamus stimulated b. sympathetic effect: posterior hypothalamus stimulate 44. ADH, vasopressin produce at the hypothalamus and store at post pituitary FSH, LH produce at ant pituitary (GnRH at hypothalamus affect) 45. external spermatic artery(cremasteric artery) supply the spermatic cord 46. Chromophils(high dye), cromophobes(low affinity to dye) a. acidophils i. somatotropes-GH ii. lactotropes- prolactin b. basophils(bailar contigo) i. thyotropes-TSH ii. gonadotropes-FSH, LH iii. corticotropes- ACTH 47. Zona glomerulosa mineral corticods aldosterone zona fasciculata glucocorticods cortisol, cor, cor zona reticularis androgens adrenal medulla stress H epi, norepi 48. Breast artery supply a. subclavian A-> internal thoracic -> ant intercostal -> medial mammary b. axillary A-> lateral thoracic A-> thoraco-acromial A c. thoracic aorta-> 2, 3, 4 post intercostal A 49. vessels and nerves of male urethra Preprostatic, prostatic Interme Spongy diate  Arteries Prostatic branches from Dorsal a. of penis inf. vesical a. and middle rectal a. Veins Prostatic venous plexus Dorsal v. of penis Nerves Prostatic nervous plexus, extension Receives somatic of vesical plexus innervation: dorsal nerve of penis-> pudendal nerve Lymph Internal iliac nodes Deep inguinal nodes (like glans penis) 50. Superior mesenteric artery a. middle colic artery i. for transverse colon ii. anastomose with left colic artery(from inf mesenteric artery) b. right colic artery i. for ascending colon ii. anastomose with middle and ileocolic artery c. ileocolic artery i. cecum, appendix, ascending colon ii. colic, cecal, appendicular branches 51. Splanchnic nerves Group Kind of fibers Splachnic n. Origin Ending (synpapsis) Adbomino- Presynaptic Greater T5-T9 Celiac pelvic sympathetic ganglion splachnic n. fibers Lesser T10- T11 Aorticorenal Least T12 Other prevertebral Lumbar Abdominal ganglia: Sup. sympathetic mesenteric, tunk inf. mesenteric, intermesente -ric Sacral Sacral Pelvic sympathetic prevertebral trunk ganglia Pelvic Presynaptic Pelvic S2-S4 Intrinsic splanchnic n. parasympath ganglia after etic fibers the left colic  flexure 52. Rectus sheath a. Vertical muscle- rectus abdominis m and pyramidalis b. innervate by sup and inf epigastric artery c. lymphatic vessels d. spinal nerve T7-T12 53. Fundus- short gastric artery, posterior gastric artery 54. lesser curvature- left gastric artery, internal pudendal artery, pudendal nerve 55. Pudendal nerve to lesser and greater curvature 56. Portal vein a. splenic vein i. short gastric vein(fundus + greater curvature) ii. left gastro-omental (greater curvature) iii. pancreatic veins iv. inferior mesenteric veins b. superior mesenteric vein i. right gastri-omental vein ii. AIPD and PIPD(inf pancreaticoduodenal) 57. Celiac trunk a. left gastric i. for abdominal and left gastric b. splenic i. posterior gastric artery: post wall and fundus ii. left gastro-omental artery: : left portion of greater curvature iii. short gastric branches: fundus c. common hepatic artery i. right gastric artery: right portion of lesser curvature ii. gastroduodenal artery: to duodenus and pancreas 1. right gastro-omental: right portion of greater curvature 58. Ligaments of spleen a. gastrosplenic ligament- spleen hilum to greater curvature of stomach b. splenorenal ligament-spleen hilum to left kidney c. splenocolic ligament-inf of spleen to transverse colon d. suspensory ligament of spleen-diaphragm to spleen 59. Portal triad: bile duct, hepatic portal artery, portal artery 60. Vestibular glands: a. Greater vestibular glands-bartholin glands i. drain to posterolateral to vaginal orifice ii. cover by bulbs of vestibule iii. surround by bulbospongiosus muscle b. Lesser vestibular glands-skene’s glands i. drain to both sides of urethra 61. Ovary is covered by peritoneum 62. Ovary a. Lateral area-ovarian artery i. passover external iliac vessels and ureter ii. run inside suspensory ligament of ovary iii. bifurcates into ovarian and tubal branches b. medial area-uterine artery i. from internal iliac artery ii. bifurcates into ovarian and tubal branches 63. Renal veins a. right renal vein- drain into IVC b. left renal vein i. suprarenal vein ii. left gonadal vein iii. lumbar veins iv. drain into IVC 1. anterior to aorta 2. post to SMA v. Renal vein entrapment syndrome: left renal vein compress between SMA and aorta, causing hematuria , proteinuria, and testicular pain/ varicocele 64. Tunica vaginalis a. from peritoneum, NOT dartos fascia 65. Urinary bladder-Trigone formed by a. both uretheric orifices b. Urethral orifice- internal urethral sphincter i. contract during ejaculation to prevent reflux involuntary c. Uvula of bladder 66. Camper fascia+ Scarpa fascia-> Dartos fascia (fascia of penis) 67. Acidophils: a. Somatotrophs cells-> GH b. Lactotropes cells-> prolactin 68. Basophils: a. Thyrotropes cells-> TSH b. Gonadotropes cells-> FSH, LH c. Corticotropes cells-> ACTH 69. Lymph drainage BELOW pectinate line -> Superficial inguinal nodes 70. L./ R. gonadal artery: from abd. aorta L. gonadal v. — L. renal v. R. gonadal v. — IVC 71. Left colic flexure, and left kidney more upper than right 72. Aorta to left, IVC to right 73. Common iliac- internal iliac- internal pudendal 74. Efferent connections autonomic fibers  a. paraventricular nucleus: oxytocin and vasopressin b. dorsomedial nucleus: atrial natriuretic peptide c. lateral hypothalamic area: alpha- melanocyte-stimulating-neuron d. go through medial forebrain bundle to sympathetic and parasympathetic presynaptic neurons of intermediolateral column 75. Neurohypophysis (post. lobe) a. vasopressin or ADH- reabsorb water b. oxytocin- contract the uterus during childbirth and ejection of milk c. stored in granules at the terminal parts of the axons- Herring bodies d. transported by glycoproteins called neurophysins e. axons i. non-myelinated ii. astrocytes in infundibulum iii. posterior lobe replace by pituicytes iv. end on capillaries and perivascular spaces v. between axons and sinusoids- two basal laminae 1. one surrounding the nerve endings 2. one lining the fenestrated endothelial cells 3. fine collagen fibrils in between 76. inguinal canal development in females a. the gubernaculum becomes two ligaments i. ovarian ligaments 1. prevent migration of ovary to inguinal region 2. uterus to ovary ii. round ligamnets 1. uterus to labium majus through inguinal canal