Introduction to Sociology Slides 2024 PDF
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Uploaded by NicestMagic
Qatar University
2024
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Summary
These slides provide a general overview of the Introduction to Sociology course. The content discusses different types of societies, Durkheim's theories, the goals of sociology, as well as potential challenges.
Full Transcript
اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ا ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻟﻤﺤﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت دورﻛﻬﺎ ﻢ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻛﺒ ة : ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﺻﻐ ة : ﻣﻌﻘﺪة وﻏ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺴﺔ . ﺗﻘﻠ ﺪ ﺔ و ﺴ ﻄﺔ . ...
اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ا ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﻟﻤﺤﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت دورﻛﻬﺎ ﻢ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻛﺒ ة : ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﺻﻐ ة : ﻣﻌﻘﺪة وﻏ ﻣﺘﺠﺎ ﺴﺔ . ﺗﻘﻠ ﺪ ﺔ و ﺴ ﻄﺔ . ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻓ ﺮاد ﻳ ﺸﺎ ﻪ اﻷﻓ ﺮاد اﻟﻤﻬﻨ ﺔ . ) ﺗﻘﺴ ﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ (. أﻓ ﺮادﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻮن ﻋ ﻗ ﻢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻟ ﺢ . ﻣ ﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ وﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪات واﺣﺪة . " ﺗﻀﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﻀﻮي " " ﺗﻀﺎﻣﻦ آ " اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎت ﺗﺳﯾر ﻓﻲ ﺗطورھﺎ ﻣن اﻟﺗﺿﺎﻣن اﻵﻟﻲ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺗﺿﺎﻣن اﻟﻌﺿوي. أﻫﺪاف ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع وﺻﻒ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎ :وﺻﻒ وﺗﻔﺴ اﻟﺤ ﺎة اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ ﻟﻸﻓ ﺮاد ،واﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻬﻢ ) اﻟﺠ ﻤﺔ ،اﻟﻄﻼق (. اﻻ ﻧﺘﺎج اﺟﺘﻤﺎ ، ﺗﻔﺴ اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ واﻟﻤﺸ ﻼت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ :اﻟﺸﺨﺼ ﺔ ﻣﺎ اﻟ ﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ دور اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ ﺗﻮﺟ ﻪ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك . اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ا اﻟﻘﻮاﻧ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ :اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ا اﻟﻘﻮاﻧ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟ ﺗﺤ ﻢ ﺳﻠﻮك اﻷﻓ ﺮاد، ﺗﻔﺴ ﺳﻠﻮك اﻷﻓ ﺮاد اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺎﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋ ﺪة . ﺗﻨﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺨ ﺎل اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎ ﻟﺪى اﻟﻔﺮد :ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻟ ﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻏ اﻟﻤﺮﺋ ﺔ ﺑ أﻓ ﺎرﻧﺎ وﺳﻠﻮﻛﻨﺎ ،اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪاﺗﻨﺎ و ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻨﺎ اﻟﻴﻮ . دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ دراﺳﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ :ﻣﺜﻞ د راﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ) اﻻدار ، اﻟﻤﺪرﺳ واﻟﻄﻠ ﺔ ( ،اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺤ ﺔ؟ ﻣ ﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻔﺎﻫ ﻤﻨﺎ ﻟ ﻌﺾ اﻟﻘﻀﺎ ﺎ اﻟﻤﺤ ﻄﺔ ﺑﻨﺎ :ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ) ﻣﻔﺎﻫ ﻢ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ (. أﻫﻤ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻷﻫﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠ ﺔ oﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﺘﺪر ﺲ . oﻣﺠﺎل اﻟ ﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠ . اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ . oاﻟ ﺘﺨﻄ ﻂ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴ . oاﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﺼﺤ ﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ ﺄﺧﺼﺎﺋﻴ اﻷﻫﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤ ﺔ oاﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋ اﻟﺬات :ﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﻔﺮد ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺸ ﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ،ﻓﻬﻢ ﻃﺒ ﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ ﺑ ﻨﻪ واﻵﺧ ﻦ ،اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺘ ﺎدﻟﺔ ،اﻟﺪواﻓﻊ اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛ ﺔ ،اﻟﻘﻴﻮد اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌ ﺔ . oﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫ ﻢ :اﻟﺪ راﺳﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﺤﺢ ﻣﻔﺎﻫ ﻤﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤ ﺤ ﻂ ﺑﻨﺎ . ﺗﺎﺑﻊ أﻫﻤ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻚ ﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى :ﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻔﺮﻋ ﺔ وﻛ ﻔ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ . ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﺸ ﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ :ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻳ ﺮاﻫﺎ اﻵﺧﺮون ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻻ ﻤﺎ ﻧ ﺮاﻫﺎ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ . ﺗﺪﻋ ﻢ اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت :ﻳﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻔﺮد ﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻵﺧ ﻦ ﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻏ ﺔ وﻏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘ ﺔ وﻏ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ ) ﺗﻘﺪ ﺲ اﻟ ﻘﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻬﻨﻮد (. اﻟ ﺘ ـﺄ ﺪ ﻋ اﻟ ﺴ ﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓ ﺔ :ﻳﻮﻗﻆ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ اﻻﺣﺴﺎس ﺎﻟ ﺴ ﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ ،ا ﻟﻘ ﻢ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺎﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻤ ﺎن واﻟﺰﻣﺎن ،ﻧﺘﻘ ﻞ اﻵﺧﺮ . اﻟ ﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ أﺳ ﺎب اﻟﻤﺸ ﻼت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ :ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻔﻘﺮ واﻟﺠ ﻤﺔ واﻟﻌﻨ ﺔ . ﺴﺎﻋﺪ وﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﻂ اﻟﺘﻨﻤ ﺔ :اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ وﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﻂ اﻟﺘﻨﻤ ﺔ ﺸ ﻞ واﻗ وﻣ ﻮﺿﻮ . ﺗﺤﺪ ﺎت ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع - 1اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺄن ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﺨﻠﻖ اﻟﻤﺸ ﻼت ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ :ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﺴﺘﺎر ﻋﻦ اﻟ ﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ . ﺗﻔﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻋ ﻠ ﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪاﺗﻪ - 2اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ ﺗﺤﺮر اﻟﻔﺮد ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻮد اﻟ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓ ﺔ أو اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ . اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﺸ ﻞ دﻗﻴﻖ ﻤﺎ - 3اﻻﺣﺴﺎس ﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ اﻟﺘ ﺒﺆ اﻟﻄﺒ ﻌ ﺔ . - 4ﻗﺪ ﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗ ﻤﺔ اﻟ ﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪات اﻟ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﺮد ﺳﻮاء ﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬە اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﺪات أ ﺪوﻟﻮﺟ ﺔ ،أو اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ ،أو ﺳ ﺎﺳ ﺔ ،أو اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺔ . ﻳﻮاﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع أﻫﻢ اﻟﻤﺸ ﻼت اﻟ ﻌ ﺪا ﻋﻦ اﻷﺣ ﺎم اﻟﺬاﺗ ﺔ )دون ﺗﺤ ﻟﻠﺮأي اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋ ﺔ :ﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة ﻤﺎ اﻟﺸﺨ ( اﻟﺤ ﺎد ﺔ :ﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻞ اﻵراء )ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﺤ ﻟﺮأي ﻣﻘﺎ ﻞ رأي( ﻫﺬە اﻟﻤﺸﺎ ﻞ ﻛ ﻔ ﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟ ﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻀﻮا ﻂ اﻟ ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋ ﻣ ﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﻠ ﻢ واﻻﻟ ام وط وﻣ ﺎدئ اﻻﻣﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻟ ﺤﺚ اﻟﻌﻠ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎ .