Airway Management Device PDF

Airway management device: airway management is needed when the patient cannot protect their airway or is unable to adequately oxygenate or ventilate. Types of airway : 1-Oropharyngeal airway This anatomically shaped airway is inserted through the mouth into the oropharynx above the tongue to mainta...

Airway management device: airway management is needed when the patient cannot protect their airway or is unable to adequately oxygenate or ventilate. Types of airway : 1-Oropharyngeal airway This anatomically shaped airway is inserted through the mouth into the oropharynx above the tongue to maintain the patency of the upper airway in cases of upper airway obstruction caused by a decreased level of consciousness in a patient. 1 2-Nasopharyngeal airway This airway is inserted through the nose into the nasopharynx, bypassing the mouth and the oropharynx. The distal end is just above the epiglottis and below the base of the tongue. 3-endotracheal tube 2 4-Tracheostomy tracheal tubes These are curved plastic tubes usually inserted through the second, third and fourth tracheal cartilage rings. 3 5-cricothyroidotomy This tube is used to maintain the airway in emergency situations such as on the battlefield. It is inserted into the trachea through the cricothyroid cartilage. 6-Laryngeal mask airway This very useful device is frequently used as an alternative to either the face mask or tracheal tube during anaesthesia. 4 Problems : 1. The laryngeal mask does not protect against the aspiration of gastric contents 2. Unlike the tracheal tube, rotation of the laryngeal mask may result in complete airway obstruction. 3. Cricoid pressure may prevent correct placement of the laryngeal mask. 4. A common cause of airway obstruction during laryngeal mask anaesthesia is downfolding of the epiglottis, which occurs in 20–56% of patients. Face masks The face mask is designed to fit the face anatomically. It comes in different sizes to fit patients of different age groups (from neonates to adults). It is connected to the breathing system via the angle piece. 5 Components 1. The body of the mask which rests on an air-filled cuff. 2. The proximal end of the mask has a 22-mm inlet connection to the angle piece. 3. Some designs have clamps for a harness to be attached. 4. The angle piece has a 90° bend with a 22-mm end to fit into a catheter mount or a breathing system. 6 Problems 1. Excessive pressure by the mask may cause injury to the branches of the trigeminal or facial nerves. 2. Sometimes it is difficult to achieve an air-tight seal over the face. 3. Imprecise application of the mask on the face can cause trauma to the eyes. 7