Aircrew Emergency Procedures Manual (AEPM) PDF

Aircrew Emergency Procedures Manual Version 6.24 27 Aug 24 Summary of Change Version 6.24 – 27 Aug 24 Section Background/Change 6.1.3 The addition of 2 new PAs from the Flight Deck to the cabin 6.1.4 when a decompression is experienced. 6.1.5 27 Aug 24 AEPM ii Copyright: 2024 by QantasLink All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced by any means or in any form without the express permission in writing of Eastern Australia Airlines and Sunstate Airlines. This is an internal procedures manual for Eastern Australia Airlines (Eastern) and Sunstate (QLD) Airlines (Sunstate). It contains material intended to assist operational staff in carrying out their responsibilities. Manual Owner The information contained in this manual is the responsibility of the Chief Pilot. The ongoing management of the Manual is the responsibility of the Head of Training and Checking/Part 142 Head of Operations or their delegate who will amend the manual as and when required. Manual amendments will be controlled through the process as described later in the introductory text. 27 Aug 24 AEPM iii Table of Contents Preface............................................................................. 0-1 0.1 About This Manual................................................................. 0-2 0.1.1 Applicability.................................................................................... 0-2 0.1.2 Applicable Air Operator’s Certificates............................................ 0-3 0.2 Amendment Record............................................................... 0-4 0.3 List of Effective Pages............................................................. 0-5 0.4 Manual and Document Control.............................................. 0-6 0.4.1 General........................................................................................... 0-6 0.4.2 Manual Holder’s Responsibility..................................................... 0-6 0.4.3 Manual Change Request................................................................ 0-6 0.5 Controlled Document Amendments....................................... 0-7 0.5.1 Obtaining Revision......................................................................... 0-7 0.6 Emergency Procedures Training.............................................. 0-8 0.6.1 Training and Checking Organisation.............................................. 0-8 0.6.2 Training Requirements................................................................... 0-8 0.6.3 Emergency Procedures Training Courses....................................... 0-9 0.6.4 Course Content.............................................................................. 0-9 0.6.5 Initial Emergency Procedures Training.......................................... 0-9 0.6.6 Recurrent Emergency Procedures Training................................... 0-9 0.6.7 Assessment Criteria...................................................................... 0-10 0.6.8 Unsuccessful Results – Initial Emergency Procedures................. 0-10 0.6.9 Unsuccessful Results – Recurrent Emergency Procedures.......... 0-11 0.6.10 Resit Failures................................................................................ 0-11 0.6.11 Cabin Crew Recurring Unsatisfactory Proficiency Assessment.... 0-11 Emergency Procedures.....................................................1-13 1.1 Introduction........................................................................ 1-14 1.2 Support Language................................................................ 1-16 1.3 Situation Types.................................................................... 1-17 1.3.1 Emergency.................................................................................... 1-17 1.3.2 Non-Normal................................................................................. 1-17 27 Aug 24 AEPM iv 1.4 Emergencies – Type Definitions............................................ 1-18 1.4.1 Prepared Emergency.................................................................... 1-18 1.4.2 Unprepared Emergency............................................................... 1-18 1.5 Emergency Evacuations........................................................ 1-19 1.5.1 Situational Awareness.................................................................. 1-19 1.5.2 Unprepared Evacuation............................................................... 1-19 1.5.3 Prepared Evacuation.................................................................... 1-19 1.5.4 Precautionary Disembarkation.................................................... 1-19 1.6 Silent Review - OLDABC........................................................ 1-20 1.7 Interphone Communications................................................ 1-21 1.7.1 General Procedures..................................................................... 1-21 1.7.2 Sterile Flight Deck........................................................................ 1-21 1.7.3 Critical Phase................................................................................ 1-22 1.7.4 PA Unserviceable......................................................................... 1-23 1.7.5 Non-Standard Security Procedures.............................................. 1-24 1.8 Passenger Control................................................................ 1-25 1.8.1 Passenger Reaction...................................................................... 1-25 1.8.2 Techniques................................................................................... 1-25 1.8.3 Evacuation Control....................................................................... 1-25 1.8.4 Evacuation Speed......................................................................... 1-26 1.8.5 Cabin Baggage during Evacuation................................................ 1-26 1.8.6 Evacuation Standpoints............................................................... 1-27 1.9 Commands.......................................................................... 1-28 1.9.1 General......................................................................................... 1-28 1.9.2 Hand Signals................................................................................. 1-29 1.10 Crew Brace....................................................................... 1-30 1.10.1 Crew Brace General..................................................................... 1-30 1.10.2 AFT Facing Crew Seat with Seatbelt and Shoulder Harness (FA1) 1-30 1.10.3 FWD Facing Crew Seat with Seatbelt and Shoulder Harness (FA2). 1- 31 1.11 Passenger Brace Positions................................................. 1-32 1.11.1 General Information.................................................................... 1-32 1.11.2 Brace Position for FWD Facing Passengers.................................. 1-33 1.11.3 Brace Position for AFT Facing Passengers.................................... 1-34 27 Aug 24 AEPM v 1.12 Evacuation of Passengers Requiring Assistance................. 1-35 1.12.1 General Information.................................................................... 1-35 1.12.2 Quadriplegic Passengers.............................................................. 1-35 1.12.3 Paraplegic Passengers.................................................................. 1-35 1.12.4 Hemiplegics.................................................................................. 1-36 1.12.5 Sight / Hearing Impaired Passengers........................................... 1-36 1.12.6 Passengers with Walking Aids...................................................... 1-36 1.13 Flight Crew Emergency Landing Checklists......................... 1-37 Non-Normals.................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Turbulence............................................................................ 2-2 2.1.1 General........................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.2 Anticipated Turbulence.................................................................. 2-3 2.1.3 Sudden / Severe Turbulence.......................................................... 2-4 2.1.4 Effects of Turbulence..................................................................... 2-4 2.2 Rejected Takeoff.................................................................... 2-6 2.3 Engine Failure........................................................................ 2-8 2.4 Cracked Cabin Window.......................................................... 2-9 2.5 Dangerous Goods Inflight Spill.............................................. 2-10 2.5.1 Flight Crew Inflight Dangerous Goods Incident - ICAO Generic Response 2-10 2.5.2 Cabin Crew Inflight Dangerous Goods Incident Response........... 2-11 2.6 Infectious Substances Inflight............................................... 2-13 2.7 Gradual Decompression....................................................... 2-14 2.8 Cabin Fumes........................................................................ 2-15 2.8.1 Smoke, Fumes and Smell Protocol............................................... 2-15 2.8.2 Cabin Fumes................................................................................. 2-16 2.8.3 Cabin Smells................................................................................. 2-16 Emergency Cabin Preparation........................................... 3-1 3.1 Introduction.......................................................................... 3-2 3.2 Flight Crew Preparation Actions............................................. 3-3 3.2.1 Land Emergencies Actions............................................................. 3-3 27 Aug 24 AEPM vi 3.2.2 Ditching Actions............................................................................. 3-4 3.3 Emergency Cabin Preparation Sequence................................. 3-5 3.3.1 Initiating a NITS Briefing................................................................. 3-6 3.3.2 NITS Briefing to FA1....................................................................... 3-7 3.3.3 FA1 briefs FA2................................................................................ 3-9 3.3.4 Flight Crew PA Announcement to Passengers............................... 3-9 3.3.5 Cabin Crew Brief ABPs.................................................................. 3-11 3.3.6 FA1 PA Announcement to Passengers......................................... 3-25 3.3.7 Secure Cabin and Galley............................................................... 3-25 3.3.8 Final Preparation.......................................................................... 3-27 3.3.9 “Cabin Prepared”......................................................................... 3-27 3.3.10 Silent Review - OLDABC............................................................... 3-27 3.3.11 Brace............................................................................................ 3-27 3.4 Cabin Crew Emergency Procedures....................................... 3-29 3.4.1 Land Emergency........................................................................... 3-29 3.4.2 Ditching Emergency..................................................................... 3-30 Land Emergencies............................................................. 4-1 4.1 Emergency PA Overview........................................................ 4-2 4.2 Alert Phase............................................................................ 4-3 4.2.1 General........................................................................................... 4-3 4.2.2 Cabin Crew Actions during an Alert Phase..................................... 4-3 4.2.3 Cancellation of Alert...................................................................... 4-4 4.3 Precautionary Disembarkation after Alert Phase..................... 4-5 4.3.1 General........................................................................................... 4-5 4.3.2 Precautionary Disembarkation PA................................................. 4-5 4.3.3 Post Precautionary Disembarkation.............................................. 4-6 4.4 Emergency Evacuation........................................................... 4-7 4.4.1 Criteria for Initiating Evacuation.................................................... 4-7 4.4.2 Evacuation at Terminal – Additional Considerations..................... 4-7 4.4.3 Land Evacuation PA........................................................................ 4-7 4.5 Cabin Crew Land Evacuation Drills - Amplified........................ 4-8 4.5.1 Maintain BRACE / Await Instructions............................................. 4-8 4.5.2 Commence Commands / Check Exits............................................. 4-8 4.5.3 Open or Block Exit(s)...................................................................... 4-8 27 Aug 24 AEPM vii 4.5.4 Direct Evacuation......................................................................... 4-10 4.5.5 Check Aircraft............................................................................... 4-11 4.5.6 Take Equipment / Evacuate......................................................... 4-11 4.5.7 Assist Passengers......................................................................... 4-11 4.6 Evacuation Responsibilities.................................................. 4-12 4.7 Cabin Crew Emergency Drill.................................................. 4-14 Ditching Emergencies........................................................ 5-1 5.1 Ditching Evacuation............................................................... 5-2 5.1.1 Ditching PA..................................................................................... 5-2 5.1.2 Ditching - Unprepared.................................................................... 5-2 5.2 Cabin Crew Ditching Drills – Amplified.................................... 5-3 5.2.1 Maintain BRACE / Await Instructions............................................. 5-3 5.2.2 Commence Commands / Check Exits............................................. 5-3 5.2.3 Open or Block Exit(s)...................................................................... 5-3 5.2.4 Direct Evacuation........................................................................... 5-4 5.2.5 Check Aircraft................................................................................. 5-5 5.2.6 Take Equipment / Evacuate........................................................... 5-6 5.2.7 Assist Passengers........................................................................... 5-6 5.3 Flight Crew Supplementary Information................................. 5-7 5.3.1 General Information...................................................................... 5-7 5.3.2 Ditching Procedures..................................................................... 5-10 5.4 Ditching Responsibilities...................................................... 5-12 5.4.1 Primary and Secondary Means of Escape in a Ditching............... 5-14 5.5 Cabin Crew Emergency Drill.................................................. 5-15 Inflight Emergencies......................................................... 6-1 6.1 Decompression...................................................................... 6-2 6.1.1 Loss of Cabin Pressure................................................................... 6-2 6.1.2 During Decompression – Explosive or Sudden............................... 6-3 6.1.3 Emergency Descent PA.................................................................. 6-4 6.1.4 Cabin Crew Immediate Actions...................................................... 6-4 6.1.5 Cabin Crew Follow Up Duties......................................................... 6-4 6.2 Fire........................................................................................ 6-6 27 Aug 24 AEPM viii 6.2.1 Essential Requirements of a Fire.................................................... 6-6 6.2.2 Using a Fire Extinguisher................................................................ 6-7 6.2.3 Checking for Heat........................................................................... 6-7 6.2.4 Smoke in Cabin............................................................................... 6-8 6.2.5 Oxygen Use During a Fire in the Cabin........................................... 6-8 6.2.6 Fire Protection............................................................................... 6-8 6.2.7 Cabin Crew Procedures.................................................................. 6-9 6.2.8 Basic Fire Drill................................................................................. 6-9 6.2.9 Fires Requiring Further Saturation............................................... 6-11 6.2.10 Additional Actions........................................................................ 6-12 6.2.11 When Fire is extinguished............................................................ 6-12 6.2.12 Post Fire Procedures.................................................................... 6-12 6.2.13 Fire Fighting Procedures – Area Specific...................................... 6-13 6.2.14 Fire in Portable Electronic Device (PED) / Lithium Battery Fire... 6-17 6.2.15 Cabin Fire on Ground................................................................... 6-19 6.3 Crew Incapacitation............................................................. 6-21 6.3.1 Corrective Actions........................................................................ 6-21 6.3.2 Flight Crew Incapacitation........................................................... 6-22 6.3.3 Cabin Crew Incapacitation........................................................... 6-27 6.4 Security............................................................................... 6-28 6.4.1 Introduction................................................................................. 6-28 6.4.2 The HOT Principle......................................................................... 6-28 6.4.3 Threat Assessment....................................................................... 6-30 6.4.4 Counter Threat Response Model................................................. 6-31 6.4.5 Hijack (Unlawful Aircraft Seizure)................................................ 6-34 6.4.6 Suspicious Article Action Plan (SAAP).......................................... 6-37 Survival and Post-Accident Procedures.............................. 7-1 7.1 Survival on Land..................................................................... 7-2 7.1.1 General........................................................................................... 7-2 7.1.2 Organisation................................................................................... 7-2 7.1.3 Shelter............................................................................................ 7-2 7.1.4 Warmth.......................................................................................... 7-3 7.1.5 Water............................................................................................. 7-3 7.1.6 Food............................................................................................... 7-3 7.1.7 Morale............................................................................................ 7-3 7.1.8 Location.......................................................................................... 7-3 27 Aug 24 AEPM ix 7.1.9 First Aid.......................................................................................... 7-4 7.2 Survival at Sea with Lifejackets............................................... 7-5 7.2.1 Entering the Water......................................................................... 7-5 7.2.2 Hypothermia.................................................................................. 7-5 7.2.3 H.E.L.P. – Heat Escape Lessening Posture...................................... 7-6 7.2.4 Group Huddle................................................................................. 7-7 7.3 Search and Rescue................................................................. 7-8 7.3.1 General........................................................................................... 7-8 7.3.2 Rescue by Ship............................................................................... 7-8 7.3.3 Rescue by Air.................................................................................. 7-8 7.4 Alpine Emergencies.............................................................. 7-10 7.4.1 Cold Weather Survival.................................................................. 7-10 7.4.2 Flight Crew and Cabin Crew Procedures...................................... 7-10 7.4.3 Post Evacuation............................................................................ 7-10 7.4.4 Survival Hints................................................................................ 7-11 7.4.5 Medical Considerations................................................................ 7-12 7.5 Operational Debrief............................................................. 7-14 7.6 Passenger Post-Incident Debrief........................................... 7-17 Aviation Medicine and First Aid......................................... 8-1 8.1 Aviation Medicine.................................................................. 8-2 8.1.1 The Atmosphere............................................................................. 8-2 8.1.2 Zones within the Troposphere....................................................... 8-2 8.1.3 Air Pressure.................................................................................... 8-3 8.1.4 Pressurisation................................................................................. 8-3 8.1.5 Effects of Altitude.......................................................................... 8-4 8.1.6 Physiology of Flight........................................................................ 8-6 8.2 Medical Conditions................................................................ 8-9 8.2.1 Hypoxia.......................................................................................... 8-9 8.2.2 Time of Useful Consciousness........................................................ 8-9 8.2.3 Hyperventilation.......................................................................... 8-14 8.2.4 Trapped Gases (Gas Expansion in the body)................................ 8-16 8.2.5 Damaged / Ruptured Ear Drum................................................... 8-18 8.2.6 The Sinus...................................................................................... 8-19 8.2.7 Gastrointestinal Tract................................................................... 8-19 27 Aug 24 AEPM x 8.2.8 Decompression Sickness.............................................................. 8-20 8.2.9 Group Medical Clearance Guidelines........................................... 8-21 8.2.10 Medically Qualified Volunteer (MQV).......................................... 8-22 8.2.11 Aims of First Aid........................................................................... 8-22 8.2.12 Legal Considerations.................................................................... 8-22 8.2.13 Responsibility for Medication...................................................... 8-25 8.2.14 Definitions.................................................................................... 8-26 8.2.15 General Actions of First Aid.......................................................... 8-27 8.2.16 Managing Medical Incidents – Team Action Plan........................ 8-29 8.2.17 Assessing a Passenger requiring First Aid.................................... 8-30 8.2.18 Classifying a Medical Incident...................................................... 8-30 8.2.19 The Medical Incident Plan............................................................ 8-31 8.2.20 Onboard Treatment..................................................................... 8-38 8.2.21 Care of an Unconscious Passenger.............................................. 8-40 8.3 First Aid Procedures............................................................. 8-41 8.3.1 Action Plan using ‘DRSABCD’....................................................... 8-41 8.3.2 Rescue Breathing......................................................................... 8-45 8.3.3 The Laerdal Pocket Mask............................................................. 8-46 8.3.4 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)......................................... 8-47 8.3.5 Patient Positioning....................................................................... 8-52 8.3.6 Summary Table............................................................................ 8-53 8.4 Specific Medical Conditions.................................................. 8-54 8.4.1 Motion (Air) Sickness................................................................... 8-54 8.4.2 Allergic Reaction.......................................................................... 8-55 8.4.3 Asthma......................................................................................... 8-56 8.4.4 Sprain & Strains............................................................................ 8-57 8.4.5 Fracture........................................................................................ 8-58 8.4.6 Dislocation................................................................................... 8-60 8.4.7 Bleeding....................................................................................... 8-61 8.4.8 Nose Bleed................................................................................... 8-63 8.4.9 Burns and Scalds.......................................................................... 8-63 8.4.10 Childbirth..................................................................................... 8-65 8.4.11 Choking........................................................................................ 8-70 8.4.12 Diabetes....................................................................................... 8-72 8.4.13 Hypoglycaemia............................................................................. 8-72 8.4.14 Hyperglycaemia............................................................................ 8-73 8.4.15 Epileptic Fit or Seizure.................................................................. 8-74 8.4.16 Febrile Convulsions...................................................................... 8-75 27 Aug 24 AEPM xi 8.4.17 Fainting........................................................................................ 8-76 8.4.18 Angina.......................................................................................... 8-77 8.4.19 Heart Attack / Severe Chest Pain................................................. 8-78 8.4.20 Pain - Abdominal.......................................................................... 8-79 8.4.21 Miscarriage................................................................................... 8-80 8.4.22 Shock............................................................................................ 8-81 8.4.23 Stroke........................................................................................... 8-82 8.4.24 Drug Poisoning / Overdose.......................................................... 8-83 Emergency Equipment...................................................... 9-1 9.1 Introduction.......................................................................... 9-2 9.2 Crash Axe.............................................................................. 9-3 9.3 Heat Resistant Gloves............................................................ 9-4 9.4 BCF Fire Extinguisher.............................................................. 9-5 9.5 Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) Essex........................... 9-9 9.6 Toilet and Cargo Smoke Detector and Prevention Systems.... 9-17 9.6.1 Toilet Compartment..................................................................... 9-17 9.6.2 Cargo Compartment.................................................................... 9-21 9.6.3 Q300 Smoke Curtain.................................................................... 9-21 9.6.4 Toilet Waste Bin Fire Extinguisher............................................... 9-23 9.7 Smoke Goggles.................................................................... 9-24 9.8 Oxygen Equipment............................................................... 9-25 9.8.1 Oxygen Regulatory Requirements............................................... 9-25 9.8.2 Flight Crew Fixed Oxygen............................................................. 9-26 9.8.3 Portable Oxygen - Cabin............................................................... 9-31 9.8.4 Oxygen Administration................................................................ 9-36 9.8.5 Oxygen Precautions..................................................................... 9-37 9.9 First Aid Kit & Remote Area Emergency Equipment............... 9-38 9.10 Hygiene Kit (Body Fluid Clean-Up Kit)................................ 9-40 9.11 Sharps Disposal Kit........................................................... 9-41 9.12 Enhanced Biohazard PPE Kit.............................................. 9-43 9.13 Dangerous Goods Spill Kit................................................. 9-45 27 Aug 24 AEPM xii 9.14 Suspicious Article Action Plan (Kit).................................... 9-47 9.15 Restraint Equipment......................................................... 9-48 9.16 Extension / Infant Seatbelts.............................................. 9-53 9.17 Lifejackets........................................................................ 9-55 9.18 Torches............................................................................ 9-59 9.19 Laerdal Pocket Mask......................................................... 9-60 9.20 Defibrillator (AED)............................................................ 9-61 9.21 Megaphone (Q400)........................................................... 9-71 9.22 Sea Survival Pack.............................................................. 9-72 9.23 Operations of the Signalling Equipment............................ 9-74 9.23.1 Heliograph / Signalling Mirror...................................................... 9-74 9.23.2 Sea Marker Dye............................................................................ 9-75 9.23.3 Aerial Flares.................................................................................. 9-76 9.23.4 Handheld Flares........................................................................... 9-77 9.23.5 White Light Sticks (Cyalume Chemical)........................................ 9-79 9.23.6 ‘V’ Sheet....................................................................................... 9-80 9.23.7 Portable Distress Beacon............................................................. 9-80 9.24 Fixed Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)....................... 9-82 9.25 Emergency Equipment – Supplementary Information........ 9-83 9.25.1 Emergency Lighting – Cabin / Flight Deck.................................... 9-83 9.25.2 Emergency Call Button – Cabin / Flight Deck............................... 9-84 9.25.3 Safety Information Card / Exit Row Briefing Cards...................... 9-85 9.25.4 Flight Deck Door........................................................................... 9-85 Dash 8 Type Supplement..................................................10-1 10.1 Introduction..................................................................... 10-2 10.2 Evacuation Routes............................................................ 10-3 10.2.1 Evacuation Routes - Q200............................................................ 10-3 10.2.2 Evacuation Routes - Q300............................................................ 10-4 10.2.3 Evacuation Routes - Q400............................................................ 10-5 10.3 Emergency Exits............................................................... 10-6 27 Aug 24 AEPM xiii 10.3.1 Flight Compartment Escape Hatch............................................... 10-6 10.3.2 Escape Tape................................................................................. 10-8 10.3.3 Passenger Entry Door (Airstair) 1L............................................... 10-9 10.3.4 Forward Emergency Exit Door 1R.............................................. 10-12 10.3.5 Window Exits (Row 4/10)........................................................... 10-14 10.3.6 Aft Passenger Door 2L - Q400.................................................... 10-17 10.3.7 Aft Service Door 2R - Q400........................................................ 10-18 10.4 Equipment Stowage Diagram - Q200............................... 10-19 10.5 Equipment Stowage Diagram - Q300............................... 10-20 10.6 Equipment Stowage Diagram - Q400............................... 10-21 10.7 Emergency Equipment Checklist..................................... 10-22 27 Aug 24 AEPM xiv Preface 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-1 0.1 About This Manual 0.1.1 Applicability This Aircrew Emergency Procedures Manual has been prepared for Eastern Australia Airlines Pty Ltd (Eastern) and Sunstate Airlines (QLD) Pty Ltd (Sunstate) in accordance with the requirements of CASR Part 119 and the guidelines pertaining there to. Material as directed by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority has been included. The Aircrew Emergency Procedures Manual is Volume 10 of the Eastern Australia Airlines Operations Manual Suite, and Sunstate Airlines Operations Manual Suite. The manual provides information on aircraft emergency equipment location, evacuation provisions, emergency procedures and First Aid. The purpose of the Aircrew Emergency Procedures Manual (AEPM) is to provide QantasLink Aircrew with operational procedures that are pertinent to their role to ensure a safe operation, in accordance with company policy and CASA Legislation. The AEPM is an official controlled document of the Flying Operations Department and covers all Company aircraft. All Aircrew are required to have a thorough working knowledge of the contents of this manual. Where information contained in this manual contravenes CASR or AFM procedures or limitations, these documents will have precedence. All Aircrew are encouraged to contribute ideas for improvement of the content or the work practices covered by procedures in this manual. Submit any ideas to Flying Operations Standards and Development. The manual will be amended on a regular basis to conform to changing operational requirements. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-2 0.1.2 Applicable Air Operator’s Certificates Eastern Australia Airlines Pty Ltd ARN 401654 ABN 77 001 599 024 ACN 001 599 024 Sunstate Airlines (QLD) Pty Ltd ARN 065667 ABN 82 009 734 703 ACN 009 734 703 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-3 0.2 Amendment Record EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE VERSION VERSION DATE DATE 001 09 Jan 06 6.3 09 Sep 19 002 25 Jan 06 6.4 20 Dec 19 003 09 Jun 06 6.5 28 Jan 20 004 29 Mar 07 6.6 10 Feb 20 005 21 Dec 07 6.7 29 Mar 20 006 07 May 09 6.8 28 Oct 20 007 09 Nov 09 6.9 24 Feb 21 2.0 30 Sep 13 6.10 23 Apr 21 3.0 23 Jul 14 6.11 11 Jun 21 4.0 01 Feb 15 6.12 06 Jul 21 4.1 15 Jun 15 6.13 02 Sep 21 4.2 09 Nov 15 6.14 29 Oct 21 5.0 19 Sep 16 6.15 15 Apr 22 5.1 01 Sep 17 6.16 17 Jun 22 5.2 15 Jan 18 6.17 01 Aug 22 5.3 12 Apr 18 6.18 21 Feb 23 5.4 23 Jul 18 6.19 26 May 23 5.5 01 Aug 18 6.20 25 Jun 23 5.6 09 Aug 18 6.21 28 Sep 23 5.7 28 Sep 18 6.22 01 Dec 23 6.0 06 Nov 18 6.23 26 Jul 24 6.1 19 Mar 19 6.24 27 Aug 24 6.2 23 May 19 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-4 0.3 List of Effective Pages Please read the following to understand the information provided in the List of Effective Pages in printed and electronic copies of this manual: Printed copies of this manual are controlled documents. They are amended using replacement pages and will therefore normally contain pages bearing different print dates. The List of Effective Pages in each printed (i.e. controlled) copy of this manual will show the latest approved Version Number and Print Date applying to each page. Electronic copies of this manual are not controlled documents once printed. Printed copies are for immediate reference purposes only. The print date shown on any page of an electronic copy of this manual is not to be taken as an indication that a printed page may be out of date. The only reference source to be used to determine the currency of a page in any printed copy of this manual is the latest approved List of Effective Pages issued for the printed version of the manual. Page Version Release Section Numbers Number Date Preface All 6.24 27 Aug 24 Emergency Procedures All 6.24 27 Aug 24 General Non-Normals All 6.24 27 Aug 24 Emergency Cabin All 6.24 27 Aug 24 Preparation Land Emergencies All 6.24 27 Aug 24 Ditching Emergencies All 6.24 27 Aug 24 Inflight Emergencies All 6.24 27 Aug 24 Survival and Post-Accident All 6.24 27 Aug 24 Procedures Aviation Medicine and First All 6.24 27 Aug 24 Aid Emergency Equipment All 6.24 27 Aug 24 Dash 8 Type Supplement All 6.24 27 Aug 24 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-5 0.4 Manual and Document Control 0.4.1 General Document Control policy is detailed in Operations Manual (OM1). All document control is to be conducted in accordance with these policies. Under the CASRs, the Chief Pilot of Eastern and Sunstate is responsible for operational documentation. Responsibility and procedures for the administration of the Operations Manual is documented in the OM1 and the Part 119 Principle Exposition Document. 0.4.2 Manual Holder’s Responsibility It is the responsibility of the individual manual holders to ensure their manual is up to date. They must ensure that approved amendments are incorporated in their copy of the manual without delay and the amendment is recorded on the Amendment Record sheet. The Manual constitutes controlled copies and each copy will be numbered and assigned to a specific person or group. This manual remains the property of QantasLink and is to remain in the custody of the person to whom it has been issued. Each manual holder is responsible for its immediate return to QantasLink in the event of cessation of employment with the Company, or if otherwise directed. 0.4.3 Manual Change Request For all manual change requests, complete the QL120 Publications Change Request Form. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-6 0.5 Controlled Document Amendments Refer to the Eastern or Sunstate Controlled Document Amendment procedures as detailed in the respective Flight Operations Manuals. 0.5.1 Obtaining Revision The Manual Holder has to check the pages in the manual for the issue date to be the same as shown in the LEP for that page. If any page is missing or shows an incorrect issue date, the Manual Holder must apply for replacement pages to the Publications Business Partners [email protected] 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-7 0.6 Emergency Procedures Training Emergency Procedures (EP) Training by all Aircrew is a requirement in compliance with CASR Part 121. The CASA website address for the above information is: https://www.casa.gov.au/landing-page/rules-and-regulations 0.6.1 Training and Checking Organisation An Australian Air Transport Operator must have a Training and Checking Organisation so as to ensure that members of the operator’s operating crews maintain their competency. 0.6.2 Training Requirements The QantasLink Airline Operations Training and Checking Organisation is responsible to the Head of Training and Checking/Part 142 Head of Operations and the Chief Pilot and Head of Flying Operations, for the proficiency of all Aircrew. The QantasLink Training and Checking Organisation is committed to providing excellence in Emergency Procedures Training through the following: Defining QantasLink standards in line with CASA regulations; Ensuring compliance with CASA regulations whilst training to QantasLink Standards; Providing training systems and equipment to CASR Part 121 standard or to other agreed standards appropriate to training requirements; Ensuring that internal and external passenger’s requirements are met both objectively and subjectively; Recognising people as our most valued resource; and Constantly assessing whether the training systems or training equipment can be improved and, where cost effective, implementing those improvements. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-8 0.6.3 Emergency Procedures Training Courses Emergency Procedures training courses (EP) are administered by Instructors approved by the CASA, at the discretion of the Chief Pilot. Emergency Procedures training courses are Instructor-led courses presented in a classroom format and conform to CASA statutory requirements. The courses include written/multiple choice theory examinations on Emergency Equipment, Emergency Procedures & Drills and Practical Scenarios including Door Certification. These training courses are designed to ensure that all Aircrew have a thorough knowledge of all appropriate Emergency Procedures contained in this AEPM. 0.6.4 Course Content Emergency Procedures training course content is detailed in CASR Part 121. The courses shall cover all of those Emergency Procedures that Aircrew may be called upon to perform in the course of their employment as detailed in this AEPM. The Emergency Procedures training program is made up of the following: Initial Emergency Procedures Training Recurrent Emergency Procedures Training Wet Drills Training 0.6.5 Initial Emergency Procedures Training Initial Emergency Procedures training is designed to introduce new crew members to the type of emergency equipment and procedures as carried on each aircraft type and series. The course includes classroom instruction and practical operation of aircraft exits and equipment. As part of the EP Initial training, all Aircrew must successfully complete wet drills training and demonstrate practical competencies. 0.6.6 Recurrent Emergency Procedures Training Aircrew are required to undertake Recurrent Emergency Procedures training annually. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-9 A Crew member shall not be assigned to emergency duties in an aircraft unless that Crew member has undertaken and passed an Emergency Procedures proficiency test, which shall be current for 12 months. A Recurrent Emergency Procedures course is conducted on an annual basis. If it is undertaken within the 90-day period prior to the expiry date of the candidate’s validity period, it shall be deemed to have been undertaken on the expiry date. Aircrew must be aware of their EP due date and advise their Manager well in advance if annual EP revalidation appears to have been overlooked. Upon satisfactory completion of the proficiency assessment a certificate to the effect that the crew member has passed the assessment shall be issued. A copy of the certificate will be placed on the crew member's file. 0.6.7 Assessment Criteria The Emergency Procedures proficiency test is an assessment of a Crew member's practical operation and theoretical knowledge. An approved Emergency Procedures Instructor will make the judgement of proficiency using a competency standard assessment. A competency assessment to comply with regulatory requirements is the basis for Emergency Procedures training. The theoretical examination requires a pass mark of at least 80%. 0.6.8 Unsuccessful Results – Initial Emergency Procedures If a crew member fails to reach competency in an Initial Emergency Procedures examination or assessment, they will be provided with remedial training prior to completing a re-sit examination/assessment. If the crew member fails to reach competency in the re-sit examination/assessment, a formal review of the crew member’s performance will be conducted. If a Cabin Crew member fails to reach competency on a subsequent Initial Emergency Procedures examination or assessment, they will be suspended from further training and a formal review of the crew member’s performance will be conducted by the Head of Training and Checking/Part 142 Head of Operations (or delegate). This review will normally include the Manager Ground Training (or delegate) and Cabin Crew Management to determine the 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-10 crew member’s suitability to operate as a crew member of a QantasLink aircraft. 0.6.9 Unsuccessful Results – Recurrent Emergency Procedures An Aircrew member who fails to meet the required standards in Recurrent Emergency Procedures (EP) training resulting in their removal from flying duties, will be required to undertake remedial training and reassessment, in the relevant area of failure. Following this reassessment, the crew member will be assigned a 6 month expiry date. Successful completion of this next assessment will result in another 6 month assessment to enable the crew member to return to their original expiry date. Crew members failing to achieve proficiency in all assessment components within 7 days from the original course date will be required to complete all assessment components again before achieving proficiency status. 0.6.10 Resit Failures If a Crew member fails to reach competency in the re-sit examination/assessment, a formal review of the crew member’s performance will be conducted. If any reassessments are unsuccessful, the Crew Manager/s and Training Department must be advised. The Crew member will be provided the opportunity to discuss their unsatisfactory performance and their capacity to perform the inherent requirements of their role and continuation of their employment. 0.6.11 Cabin Crew Recurring Unsatisfactory Proficiency Assessment If a cabin crew member has two unsatisfactory proficiency assessments within a two year period, the following steps will be taken: 1. A formal review of the crew member’s performance will be conducted by the Head of Training and Checking (or delegate). This review will normally include the Manager Ground Training (or delegate), and Cabin Crew Management; 2. Design appropriate training path for the individual cabin crew member; and, 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-11 3. On completion of the designated training, complete a proficiency assessment. 4. In the event that the re-assessment is unsatisfactory, or there is a third unsatisfactory proficiency assessment within a 2 year period, a further formal review of the crew member’s performance will be conducted by the Head of Training and Checking (or delegate). This review will normally include the Manager Ground Training, (or delegate), and Cabin Crew Management. This matter will then be referred to the AoSSC to determine the crew member’s suitability to operate as a crew member of a QantasLink aircraft. The outcome of the process will be communicated to the crew member’s Flight Attendant Manager who will advise the crew member. If further training is authorised, the Head of Training and Checking (or delegate) will advise the trainee and prepare a remedial training plan in accordance with the process described in this chapter/as above. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 0-12 Emergency Procedures 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-13 1.1 Introduction The primary duty of all Aircrew is to ensure the safety of passengers. During flights, Cabin Crew must keep alert for defects or abnormalities, and not delay reporting any such observations to the Captain or to FA1 (Q300/Q400) who will inform the Captain. The decision to declare a state of emergency rests solely with the Captain. The Captain's instructions must be obeyed and Emergency Procedures followed, in a confident, calm manner. Cabin Crew are assigned emergency duties and must understand that during emergencies, whilst part of a team, they are individually, in fact, leaders. Passengers will immediately seek their aid and guidance, or may experience panic and need to be physically moved or motivated into action by the crew. Cabin Crew behaviour under such circumstances is of vital importance. Cabin Crew can instil confidence in their passengers or infect them with fear and panic. The latter will result in the loss of command and control, with possibly disastrous results. Crew assessment and response to emergencies must be swift and accurate. All actions must be coordinated with little or no direction. All crew must be prepared to assume command of land or sea evacuations, or inflight emergencies. To achieve these responsibilities, crew must have an understanding of the assigned duties of all crew and an in-depth knowledge of their own duties, which could be in any position in the multi-crew Q300/Q400 environment. Sound knowledge of crew actions is vital in any emergency. Knowledge of procedures and equipment must be such that every Aircrew member can react correctly in a crisis without having to refer to the printed word. In a major accident there may be neither time nor opportunity to read instructions. Note: Where duties are allocated to specific Crew members, this is expressed as the Flight Attendant/FA1 or FA2. However, FA1 may be used to refer to the duties of a single Flight Attendant or the specific duties assigned to FA1 (Q300/Q400). In Single Flight Attendant Operations, duties assigned to FA1 & FA2 shall be undertaken by the operating Flight Attendant, this includes taking of equipment in an emergency. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-14 To assist Cabin Crew operating in conditions where their capacity for quick, lucid thought is strained, emergency PAs are printed on the Emergency Procedures (EP) card stowed at Flight Attendant stations. Use of the EP card will be helpful however its contents may need adaptation to the prevailing circumstances. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-15 1.2 Support Language Qantas Support Language The Company-approved method of raising concern is the Qantas Support Language process. The process is intended as a normal method of communication to resolve safety or operational concerns. The acronym RAISE is used, and the procedure consists of three stages, outlined below: This procedure may be commenced at any stage commensurate with the urgency of the situation. Advancing through the steps must be continued until a satisfactory resolution is achieved. In time-critical situations, it may be necessary to advance to a higher stage without completing the earlier stages. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-16 1.3 Situation Types The Aircrew Emergency Procedures Manual contains information pertaining to different types of situations that may occur involving an aircraft, its occupants or cargo. Situations in this manual are: 1. Emergency 2. Non-Normal 1.3.1 Emergency An Emergency is a situation in which the aircraft and/or its occupants are subject to imminent danger. Emergencies are time critical events requiring prompt and coordinated action by Aircrew. Examples of Emergency situations include fires and sudden decompressions. 1.3.2 Non-Normal A non-normal is a situation in which the aircraft cannot be operated in the usual manner due to system failure or some other unusual event. Non-normal situations are not always obvious to people. Examples of non-normal situations include rejected takeoffs, gradual decompressions or spillage and/or leakage of dangerous goods. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-17 1.4 Emergencies – Type Definitions The necessity to initiate and carry out an evacuation of the aircraft can arise from two possible scenarios: 1.4.1 Prepared Emergency An emergency incident where time and knowledge have allowed cabin preparation to be carried out whilst airborne, due to the possibility of an evacuation becoming necessary after landing. 1.4.2 Unprepared Emergency An emergency incident that develops with little or no warning e.g. on takeoff or landing where, other than the pre takeoff safety demonstration, no passenger briefing has been provided. The Emergency Cabin Preparation Sequence and the Cabin Crew Emergency Drill are the general Cabin Crew procedures to be adopted for emergency situations (see Section 3, 4 & 5). These procedures will be adopted for both single and multi-crew operations. In a multi-crew operation, all Cabin Crew will carry out the appropriate drill for either a prepared or unprepared emergency. Note: Flight Crew need to have a general knowledge of the Cabin Crew evacuation procedures. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-18 1.5 Emergency Evacuations There are three types of evacuations: 1. Unprepared Evacuations 2. Prepared Evacuations, and 3. Precautionary Disembarkations 1.5.1 Situational Awareness Many emergency situations are sudden and appear without warning. The most significant factor impacting the effectiveness of Aircrew performance during any emergency situation is preparation, focus and readiness. This is Situational Awareness. Situational Awareness for Cabin Crew is essential and can be defined as the ‘perception of what is going on in your cabin environment’. Situational Awareness can be defined as the central answer to three questions: What has happened? What is happening? What might happen? Situational Awareness can be a challenge however actively planning for various emergencies and not just the expected flight is critical. 1.5.2 Unprepared Evacuation An unprepared evacuation is where the Aircrew do not have sufficient time to prepare the passengers and cabin before initiating an evacuation. 1.5.3 Prepared Evacuation A prepared evacuation is where the Aircrew have sufficient time to prepare the passengers and cabin before initiating an evacuation. 1.5.4 Precautionary Disembarkation A precautionary disembarkation is an abnormal situation where the passengers disembark the aircraft as quickly as is deemed safe. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-19 1.6 Silent Review - OLDABC In anticipation of the unprepared emergency, all Cabin Crew must always be mentally prepared. An apparently normal takeoff or landing could suddenly become a critical situation in a hostile environment. The purpose of a silent review is to focus the mind on actions that may need to be taken should an emergency occur. All Cabin Crew must undertake a period of silence to review their duties during the Critical Phase of Flight. These points form the Silent Review: O Operation of Exits L Location of Equipment D Drill – Emergency Able Bodied Passengers and Passengers A requiring Assistance B Brace Position and Signal C Commands 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-20 1.7 Interphone Communications 1.7.1 General Procedures Use of the interphone for communication between Cabin Crew and Flight Crew is encouraged. Emergency/safety related matters should be reported to the Flight Deck using the interphone Call or Emergency Call buttons as appropriate, by the Flight Attendant first aware of the situation. Communication is restricted during the ‘Sterile Flight Deck’ phases of flight as per Operations Manual (OM1). 1.7.2 Sterile Flight Deck Communication is restricted during ‘Sterile Flight Deck’ and ‘Critical Phase’ of flight. The ‘Sterile Flight Deck’ policy is to ensure that Flight Crew are not distracted from their primary duties during departure and approach phases. Any communication initiated by Cabin Crew to Flight Crew during this period must be of an urgent nature. If Cabin Crew deem a call to the Flight Deck necessary for any of these reasons, they should use the Emergency Call Button. This includes: Fire - burning odours/smoke, Medical emergency, Unusual noise or vibration, Fuel or other fluid leakages, Exit door ajar or air noise, Extreme temperature change, Suspicious, unclaimed baggage or package, and Any other condition that seems abnormal or that the Cabin Crew believes the Captain should know about. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-21 Sterile Flight Deck is defined as: From closure of the main entry door until the enroute PA has been made by the Flight Crew. If one or more PAs have already been conducted, the Flight Crew may elect to contact Cabin Crew via the call button to cancel Sterile Flight Deck, in lieu of a PA. After Cabin Crew have acknowledged the Flight Crew’s “Cabin Crew prepare the cabin for landing” PA, to the opening of the main entry door after landing. 1.7.3 Critical Phase During the Critical Phase, communication with the Flight Deck is for the purpose of reporting visible flame inside the cabin ONLY. The Emergency Call button shall be pressed once. Essential Flight Crew duties may preclude the call being answered therefore Cabin Crew are to remain on the interphone until the call is answered by Flight Crew. When acknowledged by Flight Crew, announce the words “cabin fire”. The Critical Phase is defined as: From the application of power for takeoff, until the Takeoff landing gear is up During descent from the time that the landing gear is Landing down, until the aircraft turns off the runway 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-22 Periods of Restricted Communications Safety related issues = communication of a safety nature only Critical phase = emergency call for visible flames in cabin only Sterile Flight Deck Sterile Flight Deck Safety Related Safety Related Safety Related Safety Related Critical phase All communications Critical phase issues issues issues issues Door Taxi off Door Application Gear Up En-route PA / Preparation PA Gear Down closed of Power acknowledgment runway open Call from Flight Deck 1.7.4 PA Unserviceable If the PA is unserviceable either as a result of an emergency situation or becomes unserviceable during an emergency, all Cabin Crew will conduct an individual briefing of passengers in their zone should that be required (Refer AEPM 3.3.6 FA1 PA Announcement to Passengers). Points to be covered are: Seat belts, Brace position and signal, Nearest exit/doors, Personal safety, Loose equipment, Buddy system, Briefing card, and Passengers requiring assistance. Note: In this situation (unserviceable PA) at 60 seconds before touchdown the Flight Crew will initiate the BRACE signal by flashing the Fasten Seat Belt sign. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-23 Note: If the PA is unserviceable either as a result of an emergency situation, or becomes unserviceable during an emergency on Q400, the Megaphone is to be used to conduct all PA Announcements to passengers should an Emergency Cabin Preparation be required. 1.7.5 Non-Standard Security Procedures Additional security procedures may be required: At the Captain’s discretion, or Due to security / situation report. These procedures are in effect for the following reasons: Special flights (e.g. Royal or VIP), Terrorist threats, Change in political climate, or War-like climate. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-24 1.8 Passenger Control 1.8.1 Passenger Reaction Research of previous accidents indicates that the majority of passengers will suffer from shock. Initial reactions include disbelief and inaction. Cabin Crew can instil confidence in their passengers or infect them with fear and panic. If Cabin Crew are not prompt, or are uncertain and not taking command, passengers will take action to exit the aircraft to save their own lives. This will be chaotic, as different passengers will have different responses. Survival instinct will cause passengers to compete to get out of the aircraft, rather than cooperate. This has happened previously in accidents, with the results being a disastrous loss of life. 1.8.2 Techniques Passenger control is a vital part of any emergency. Aircrew must know how to control passengers in an emergency so that they obey Aircrew instructions without hesitation. The key to this is spontaneous, accurate and assertive performance of emergency procedures. You must do the following: Firmly assert your authority from the onset of the emergency Provide leadership and direction Be physical if this is necessary to get passengers moving Your manner must convey to passengers that: You know what you are doing You are in control They must follow your instructions 1.8.3 Evacuation Control Human response to life threatening situations vary for each individual. When subject to stressful conditions, the body produces adrenaline which increases initial performance levels, however this is short-lived. Past peak performance, the ability to process information under stressful conditions declines. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-25 Basic reactions to high stress levels may include: Alarm – fight or flight Resistance – giving up Collapse – physical exhaustion Hand signals, gestures and guidance by physical contact may assist the expediency of an evacuation. Cabin Crew should use a torch at shoulder level to indicate exits if in darkness or smoke. Control the flow of passengers to your exit. Be aware of activity at other exits. If the flow of passengers is moving slowly or there is congestion at a particular exit, redirect passengers to an exit where the evacuation is moving faster. 1.8.4 Evacuation Speed Evacuation speed is a primary consideration during any evacuation and depends on a number of contributing factors, including the nature of the emergency and the immediate threat to passenger safety. Aircrew need to determine an acceptable balance between speed and passenger safety, as inappropriate speed can cause unnecessary injury to aircraft occupants. 1.8.5 Cabin Baggage during Evacuation During an evacuation or precautionary disembarkation, all cabin baggage should be left behind. Cabin baggage slows an evacuation considerably by obstructing passenger flow and exits. In most documented evacuations, there have been instances of passengers attempting to take cabin baggage with them during the evacuation. Removal of cabin baggage should be discouraged through the use of direct and assertive commands. Where a Cabin Crew member is presented with a cabin baggage problem at an exit, the following should be considered: Piling up of confiscated cabin baggage at the exit Confrontation with passengers over cabin baggage (some passengers may not part with their cabin baggage even in an emergency situation) 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-26 These factors can slow down the evacuation flow considerably. Possible strategies for dealing with this situation include throwing cabin baggage on the seats (depending on exit and aircraft configuration) Note: Cabin Crew must not compromise their evacuation standpoint position to retrieve any cabin baggage. Cabin baggage is not a priority in an emergency. 1.8.6 Evacuation Standpoints To prevent being pushed out of the aircraft during an evacuation, Cabin Crew should position themselves near to, but not in the way of, the evacuation path. Supernumerary crew should be utilised to assist with the evacuation as required by operating Cabin Crew or take over an area of responsibility if a crew member is incapacitated. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-27 1.9 Commands 1.9.1 General Effective handling of any emergency situation is dependent on an effective communication style between individual Crew members and the passengers in the cabin. Commands instruct passengers what to do and where to go. They assist in controlling the flow of passengers during an evacuation and play an integral role in reducing the risk of unnecessary injury during an evacuation. Delivery of commands in a forceful and authoritative manner will ensure instructions are heard and control is maintained by crew. Commands by all Aircrew must convey effective communication of the task to be undertaken. Cabin Crew should attempt to shout commands in unison, where possible. The speed and clarity of the commands is of the utmost importance. Under stressful conditions, the natural response will be to scream commands at a rapid pace. This is not only ineffective and incomprehensible, it is also unsustainable as the crew member will not be able to continue for longer than ten seconds. Cabin Crew should have a thorough knowledge of commands and use initiative to adapt commands to different situations. Positive directional commands should be used (e.g. “Go forward” or “Go back”). Avoid the use of negative commands (e.g. “Don’t go that way” or “Not that exit”). (Refer to AEPM 3, 4 & 5 for Commands specific to situations and emergencies) These commands should be: Short Clear Firm Positive in direction Authoritative Slow in timing 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-28 1.9.2 Hand Signals Accompany all directive commands such as “Come this way” with clear hand signals, given above shoulder level so passengers can see them. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-29 1.10 Crew Brace 1.10.1 Crew Brace General Upon receiving the brace signal or if impact is imminent crew must adopt the brace position. Refer to Brace Signal in Chapter 3 of the AEPM. The transition from the relaxed brace position to the crew brace position is designed to be fast, requiring little movement. 1.10.2 AFT Facing Crew Seat with Seatbelt and Shoulder Harness (FA1) Lap strap secured low on hips, uncomfortably tight Shoulder harness fitted firm Head pushed into headrest Cross arms in front of the chest; Feet flat on the floor, lower legs at 90 degree angle to the floor Note: The change from the relaxed brace to the crew brace position is the change in arm placement from your lap to crossed in front of your chest. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-30 1.10.3 FWD Facing Crew Seat with Seatbelt and Shoulder Harness (FA2) Lap strap secured low on hips, uncomfortably tight Shoulder harness fitted firm Chin pushed into the chest Hands on thighs; Feet flat on the floor, stretch out legs as far as possible (without bulkhead); or Feet flat on the floor, stretch legs out until toes touch bulkhead (with bulkhead) Note: The change from the relaxed brace to the crew brace position is the change in feet and leg placement. In the relaxed brace, legs are at a 90- degree angle, in the crew brace legs stretch out as far as possible. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-31 1.11 Passenger Brace Positions 1.11.1 General Information The ‘brace for impact’ is an action where a person re-positions their body against whatever they are most likely to be thrown against, and which may significantly reduce injuries sustained. Passengers should lean forward as far as possible Lower legs at 90° angle to the floor Place forehead on the back of the seat Hold on to your lower legs or put your hands on your knees If you cannot reach the seat in front, lean as far forward as you can and hold onto your lower legs. Keep your feet firmly on the floor. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-32 1.11.2 Brace Position for FWD Facing Passengers 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-33 1.11.3 Brace Position for AFT Facing Passengers Dash 8 300 aircraft seats 1 E/F are AFT facing passenger seats. Lean back into your seat with your head firmly against the headrest Cross arms in front of your chest Lower legs at 90° angle to the floor Refer: CCOM – 5.13.7 300 Series – Brace Position Briefing 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-34 1.12 Evacuation of Passengers Requiring Assistance 1.12.1 General Information If a passenger requires assistance to evacuate, an ABP or crew member can assist once main passenger flow has ceased. Descriptions of some passenger disabilities and how they may be assisted in an evacuation follow. 1.12.2 Quadriplegic Passengers A quadriplegic passenger is a person who has paralysis from the neck or shoulder area down and cannot evacuate alone. Getting a quadriplegic passenger out of the seat is easier if the seat back reclines. If required to evacuate a quadriplegic, standing from behind, reach under the armpits then grip around the lower chest to prevent shoulder dislocation. Drag the passenger to the exit. With two able-bodied persons, the quadriplegic can be moved to the exit with: one person gripping them around the lower chest area other person lifts the legs and feet. 1.12.3 Paraplegic Passengers A paraplegic passenger is a person who has paralysis involving the legs and to all or part of the body. They may be capable of evacuating themselves. If these passengers require assistance during an evacuation: standing from behind reach under the armpits and grasp the wrists. Stand up, raising the passenger so that only their heels just touch the floor, then drag them to the exit. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-35 With two able-bodied persons: one person standing from behind grasps the wrists other person lifts the legs and feet. 1.12.4 Hemiplegics A hemiplegic passenger is a person who has paralysis in either the left or right side of their body. More than likely, the hemiplegic will be able to evacuate alone. 1.12.5 Sight / Hearing Impaired Passengers Sight/Hearing impaired passengers will respond to verbal or physical directions. Crew members should ensure their body movements and evacuation commands are clear and concise. 1.12.6 Passengers with Walking Aids These passengers can be evacuated without their walking aids by placing their hands on top of the seatbacks and moving to the exits. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-36 1.13 Flight Crew Emergency Landing Checklists Any landing (planned or unplanned) which due to aircraft condition or any other hazardous circumstances poses a risk of significant aircraft damage or injury to passengers is defined as an Emergency Landing or Ditching. If possible, preparation for such a landing should be conducted using the QRH emergency landing or forced landing checklist. If there is insufficient time for preparation from the checklist (e.g. immediately after takeoff) then priority should be given to the following: Control the aircraft, Transmit ‘MAYDAY’ call, Consider extension (or otherwise) of gear and flap, Lock seat belts, Give Bracing Signal to Cabin Crew and passengers, and Secure all loose items (time permitting). 27 Aug 24 AEPM 1-37 Non-Normals 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-1 2.1 Turbulence 2.1.1 General Turbulence is defined as disturbed, irregular flow of air. An aircraft in turbulent flow is subject to irregular and random motions while, more or less, maintaining its intended flight path. Crew should be aware of when turbulence could occur and the effects of turbulence. Turbulence events are those where the turbulence is well anticipated and briefed, those of minimal, but anticipated events allowing approximately 1-2 minutes of notice, and those of unanticipated turbulence. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-2 2.1.2 Anticipated Turbulence Anticipated Turbulence PA: "All passengers and crew be seated and fasten seat belts" When Flight Crew become aware of anticipated turbulence they 1 will liaise with the Cabin Crew advising the time and likely duration of the anticipated turbulence. Upon receiving this information, Cabin Crew will prioritise checking passengers are wearing their seat belts, checking toilet 2 vacancy, and securing the galley, service equipment and carts, on the basis of time available. The Flight Crew must illuminate the seat belt sign no later than 1 3 minute prior to the anticipated turbulence. The Cabin Crew are to be seated in their crew seat within 1 4 minute of the seatbelt sign being illuminated. When the Flight Crew illuminate the seat belt sign, they will make 5 the ‘Anticipated Turbulence PA’. Once secured, FA2 will notify/signal to FA1 (multi-crew operations) and then FA1 will press the CABIN READY button 6 firmly to notify the Flight Crew that the cabin is secure and all passengers and crew are seated with seatbelts fastened. Flight Crew will verbally acknowledge the CABIN READY light 7 with each other once illuminated. Once acknowledged, the Pilot Monitoring will then extinguish the light. If circumstances permit, either Flight or Cabin Crew may make the following PA: 8 “While the seat belt sign is on, please remain in your seats with your seatbelts firmly fastened. All cabin service will cease at this time" 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-3 2.1.3 Sudden / Severe Turbulence "All passengers and crew be seated and fasten seat belts IMMEDIATELY" Sudden/Severe Turbulence PA: In the event of unanticipated turbulence that poses an immediate safety hazard, the seat belt sign shall be illuminated, 1 and the Flight Crew will make the ‘Sudden/Severe Turbulence PA’. Cabin Crew will immediately place the brakes on any carts they may be serving from in the cabin and secure themselves in the 2 nearest seat, or wedge themselves in the aisle if there are no nearby seats available. When conditions allow, Flight Crew will call the Cabin Crew to 3 ascertain their wellbeing and the condition of the cabin. 2.1.4 Effects of Turbulence The following definitions are in common use for describing the effects of turbulence. Turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic Light changes in altitude, and/or attitude of aircraft. Turbulence Occupants may feel a slight strain against seatbelts, and unsecured items may be displaced slightly. There may be moderate changes in the aircraft attitude and/or altitude, but the aircraft remains in positive Moderate control at all times. There are usually small variations Turbulence in airspeed. Occupants may feel a strain against seat belts and experience difficulty in walking. Loose objects move about. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-4 Abrupt changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude. Aircraft may be out of control for a short period, usually Severe with large variations in airspeed. Occupants are forced Turbulence violently against seat belts. Loose objects are tossed about. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-5 2.2 Rejected Takeoff A rejected takeoff (RTO) is when engine power is applied for the purpose of takeoff and the Flight Crew, for whatever reason, decides to discontinue the takeoff by reducing engine power to DISC and applying maximum braking to a stop in the remaining runway available. The Captain may decide within certain parameters to discontinue a takeoff. An RTO can occur at high or low speed for a variety of reasons. There are many factors that could lead to the decision to reject a takeoff. These include, but are not limited to: Sudden loss of engine thrust due to engine failure or engine fire; Obstacle on the runway; Sudden change in weather conditions such as windshear; Malfunction of systems where indications are ambiguous, or complete systems failure; Fire Warning or severe damage; Caution or Warning; and Instruction from the control tower to discontinue the takeoff. In the event of a rejected takeoff where the aircraft comes to rest intact and in a more or less level position, Cabin Crew should remain seated and await the Captain's instructions via the interphone or PA system. The Flight Crew will communicate with the passengers and Cabin Crew as soon as practicable, workload permitting. The PA will vary depending on the severity of the situation. It may either be a general announcement informing passengers of the situation, an Alert PA or the Evacuation PA. To avoid causing unnecessary alarm to passengers and panic in the cabin the ‘Brace’ command should only be initiated by the Cabin Crew if they perceive that their own safety and that of the passengers could be compromised. If the aircraft has suffered structural damage or is at an abnormal angle, Cabin Crew must assess the situation. Evacuation drills must be commenced and an evacuation carried out only if the safety of the passengers is in jeopardy and no contact with the Flight Crew has been possible. Examples include an external fire or the aircraft leaving the runway. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-6 It must be stressed that if no imminent danger is apparent and an evacuation is still required, then a precautionary disembarkation is the best option in reducing passenger injury. Note: Cabin Crew should be aware that whilst the effects felt in the cabin can be minimal, some instances of rejected takeoff are extremely sudden and the force of deceleration may be severe and far greater than experienced in a normal landing. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-7 2.3 Engine Failure All aircraft conducting High Capacity Passenger Transport operations operate safely with one engine failed, although such a failure could necessitate an unscheduled or emergency landing or a return to the last departure point. There is however no cause for alarm or anxiety amongst the passengers and normal procedures should be carried out for landing unless the Captain declares otherwise. Cabin Crew Actions: Should a passenger draw the attention of Cabin Crew to an alleged engine failure, they should be assured that the aircraft is 1 perfectly capable of flying with the loss of the engine. The passenger's observation should then be communicated to 2 the Flight Crew immediately by following the standard crew call procedures. HF/NTS skills of communication and teamwork should be 3 utilised. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-8 2.4 Cracked Cabin Window Both outer and inner window-panes are stressed to withstand full cabin pressure differential. Should a crack appear in a window, immediately notify the Captain. The aircraft cabin pressure may be reduced as a precaution/and or the aircraft flown at a lower altitude. Cabin Crew Actions: 1 FA1 will inform the Captain immediately. Move the passengers adjacent to the window to other seats. If no 2 other seats are available, passengers are to fasten their seat belts. Move all loose articles away from the vicinity of the damaged 3 window. 4 Reassure passengers. Resume normal duties when the cabin pressure has been 5 reduced. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-9 2.5 Dangerous Goods Inflight Spill The spillage and/or leakage of dangerous goods items in the aircraft during flight is classified as a ‘Non-Normal’. Cabin Crew should refer to Qantas Dangerous Goods Manual and AEPM 9.13 for further information on Dangerous Goods Spill Kit. 2.5.1 Flight Crew Inflight Dangerous Goods Incident - ICAO Generic Response Step Procedures 1 Land as soon as possible. 2 Conduct appropriate smoke and fire drills. 3 Oxygen masks on 100% flow. 4 Max ventilation, min recirculation of contaminated air. 5 Reduced altitude decreases vaporisation/leak rate. 6 Reduced altitude increases oxygen and burn. 7 Reduce cabin differential if explosion risk exists. 8 Ventilation rate should not be reduced to snuff the fire. 9 Breathe through wet cloth or towel to assist breathing. 10 Generally, water should not be used on a spill. 11 Water may be used to cool a secured DG spill. 12 Restrict the opening of access panels or doors. Smoking MUST NOT be permitted in the presence of vapour or 13 fumes. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-10 2.5.2 Cabin Crew Inflight Dangerous Goods Incident Response Step Procedures 1 Notify Captain of exact nature of emergency. 2 Identify the item if possible. In Case of Spillage If leakage of suspected Dangerous Goods detected inflight, 3 obtain Dangerous Goods Kit (Refer Section 9 –Emergency Equipment). In Case of Fire 4 Use BCF Fire Extinguisher and follow appropriate fire drill. Don Rubber Gloves and if necessary, apron, smoke hood or 5 portable oxygen. Move passengers away from the area and distribute wet towels or 6 cloths. Place the item inside one Dangerous Goods bag with any 7 breakages facing up. All materials contaminated in the clean-up effort must also be 8 placed into a Dangerous Goods bag. Close the first bag and seal using one tie. DO NOT make the bag air tight. 9 Ensure that when removing excess air that you are not directly above the opening. Place the first bag into a second Dangerous Goods bag using the 10 same procedure. Tag and stow the bag in toilet unless advised of another location 11 by the Captain. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-11 Tag and lock toilet door or designated stowage with a Dangerous 12 Goods tag. Treat affected seat cushions/covers in the same manner as the 13 Dangerous Goods item. 14 Cover spillage on carpet/floor. 15 Regularly inspect toilet and other contaminated areas. After landing 16 Identify to ground personnel Dangerous Goods item and stowage location. 17 Complete HIRO. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-12 2.6 Infectious Substances Inflight The same procedure for Dangerous Goods should be used for handling spills of body fluids such as blood or vomit. Following are additional important considerations: Before cleaning up large body fluid spills, utilise the apron, latex 1 gloves and goggles found in the Dangerous Goods Spill Kit. The Hygiene Kit may also be used as a reasonable alternative 2 (refer to Section 9 – Emergency Equipment). When performing mouth to mouth resuscitation, a Laerdal 3 Pocket Mask should always be used. Syringes or other sharp objects should be placed inside a Sharps Disposal Container. The container should be disposed 4 of with any waste materials in the contaminated waste bag located in the Hygiene Kit or Dangerous Goods Spill Kit. Wipe the affected surface area with warm soapy water or 5 Antiseptic Hand Towelette. Wash hands thoroughly with warm soapy water or Antiseptic 6 Hand Towelette. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-13 2.7 Gradual Decompression A gradual decompression is regarded as a Non-Normal. For more information refer to AEPM 6 - Decompression. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-14 2.8 Cabin Fumes If fumes are suspected in the cabin, initial actions include: Protect Limit personal exposure to smoke, smells and fumes. yourself Consider removing yourself from the area. It is vital that information is relayed to the Flight Crew as Communicate a priority. This assists in providing the information required to adequately assess and deal with the event. Limit Access to the area and exposure to crew/passengers. Monitor as directed by Flight Crew ‐ should a return to Investigate area be necessary, consider using a PBE. 2.8.1 Smoke, Fumes and Smell Protocol Introduction The cabin smoke, fumes and smell protocol deals with any incident involving smoke, fumes or smells in the flight deck and/or cabin. If at any time the crew detect the presence of heat, smoke or fire, the basic fire drill should be implemented. While the presence of a smell alone does not necessarily require crew action or medical response, events involving smells, smoke and/or fumes require targeted and timely action to protect aircraft occupants. When making this determination, crew should be guided by the Pilot in Command. Flight Crew must contact the ROC at the earliest opportunity who will facilitate consultation with Maintenance Watch, Duty Pilot and/or Duty Cabin Manager, as appropriate. Note: Any incident involving smoke or fumes in the Flight Deck and/or cabin requires actions to be followed as per the Operational Debrief (Refer AEPM 7.5 – Survival and Post-Accident Procedures). 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-15 2.8.2 Cabin Fumes Fumes caused by oil contaminated bleed air have been described as having a strong odour similar to ‘dirty socks’, and possibly visually a blue smoke, haze or mist. However, a fumes event may not necessarily be characterised by visible smoke, or the use of oxygen masks and/or smoke goggles. A fumes event may be characterised by a crew member experiencing any of the following symptoms: Cough, wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness, difficulty with speech; Sore throat, burning throat, difficulty swallowing, nasal irritation, runny nose, eye irritation, chest pain, palpitations; Dizziness, headache, sensation changes or weakness anywhere in the body, difficulty balancing, loss of hearing, difficulty concentrating; and/or Nausea and/or vomiting. Fume odour can appear strong initially and mistakenly appear to subside with exposure. A conservative approach should be adopted during all events. 2.8.3 Cabin Smells A smell is not a fume and is defined as an unidentified, localised odour detected by crew or passengers. Any incident involving abnormal smells in the cabin requires the following actions as soon as workload permits: Inform the Pilot in Command, and Complete a HIRO. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 2-16 Emergency Cabin Preparation 27 Aug 24 AEPM 3-1 3.1 Introduction Where time permits, Flight Crew will brief the Cabin Crew if they become aware of a situation inflight that may require or result in a non-normal landing, an emergency landing, a ditching or any circumstance that may alter the duties of the Cabin Crew. This will be conducted in the form of a NITS briefing where the Cabin Crew may be required to prepare the passengers and cabin. The Flight Crew may initiate an emergency cabin preparation when: It is necessary to perform an emergency landing or a ditching; The landing gear cannot be fully locked down (forced/non-normal landing); and A known or suspected malfunction has been identified that may result in aircraft damage on landing. In ideal circumstances, Cabin Crew would have sufficient time to complete all of the steps of their cabin preparation sequence. Where time is critical the Cabin Crew must use discretion and in consultation with the Captain, prioritise tasks accordingly and conduct a preparation based on available time. Cabin Crew safety in this regard is of paramount importance. This section provides recommended guidelines for preparing the cabin and passengers for a non-normal landing, an emergency landing and possible evacuation or a ditching. It is important that a calm manner be maintained by Cabin Crew during preparation, even when time is limited, to instil confidence and prevent panic amongst passengers. Warning: If at any time during the emergency cabin preparation procedures the ‘Brace for Impact’ command or signal is given, all cabin crew must immediately sit in their allocated seats, fasten their safety harness and adopt the brace for impact position. 27 Aug 24 AEPM 3-2 3.2 Flight Crew Preparation Actions Refer to QRH checklist: - Set transponder to 7700. Notify ATC of: - Nature of emergency (Mayday or Pan Call), - Intentions, - Position, Altitude and Heading, - Other useful information as appropriate, - Persons on Board (POB), and - Location and description of dangerous goods. Advise Cabin Crew of the emergency and time available for preparation (NITS): - Allow time for both Cabin Crew to pick up their interphone prior to commencing briefing; and - Pilot Monitoring to allow some delay for FA1 briefing of FA2 and initial preparation before PA (Multi-crew operations). Make Emergency PA (or delegated to the Flight Attendant/FA1). In the event that the PA is unserviceable: - Instruct Cabin Crew to verbally brief small groups of passengers; and - The 'brace' order will be given by flashing seatbelt sign and chime. Brief supernumerary Flight Crew (if carried) on duties: - May be required on Flight Deck, - May be used to assist in cabin preparation, and/or - If required in the cabin for landing, sit in an aisle seat. Ensure all loose items are secure. 3.2.1 Land Emergencies Actions Review abnormal checklist – QRH - Emergency Landing. 60 seconds prior to touchdown, Pilot Monitoring to make the PA: - "Attention! Brace, Brace, Brace," OR 27 Aug 24 AEPM 3-3 - Flashing the seatbelt sign (with chime) using the ‘Fasten belts’ switch. After touchdown, turn appropriate side of aircraft into the wind (if possible, fire downwind). When aircraft stops, advise Cabin Crew of intentions by an appropriate PA: - Alert PA, - Evacuate PA, - Precautionary Disembarkation PA, or - Cancel Alert PA. To enhance safe managem

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