JAFER 2024-2025 Final Study Guide (PDF)

Final Study Guide Name: Directions: Refer back to our class notes to answer the following questions in COMPLETE sentences. No credit will be earned for copy/paste from the internet OR the class key. Use your class notes! Scientific Method Unit: 1. Tr...

Final Study Guide Name: Directions: Refer back to our class notes to answer the following questions in COMPLETE sentences. No credit will be earned for copy/paste from the internet OR the class key. Use your class notes! Scientific Method Unit: 1. True or False: The Scientific Method can only go in one specific order and can never go out of order 2. Fill in the chart using your notetaker: Terms Definition Observation Question Hypothesis Independent Variable Dependent Variable Research Background Information Experiment Experimental Group Control Group Results Conclusion 3. What is the difference between qualitative data and quantitative data? Give an example of each. Qualitative data is… Quantitative data is… An example of qualitative is… An example of quantitative is… 4. True or False: For an experiment, I collected data on the colors of shirts students wore. This is an example of quantitative data. 5. Use the data table below to answer the following questions: a. Which Disney movie was the most viewed? 6. Look at the graph to the right. During which month was the greatest number of bikes sold? What can you infer about why that month had the highest number of bikes sold? 7. Look at the graph to the right. During which month was the least number of bikes sold? 8. On a graph where is the independent variable, X or Y axis? What is the independent variable in the graph above? 9. On a graph where is the dependent variable, X or Y axis? What is the dependent variable in the graph above? 10. What is a bar graph? 11. What is a line graph?  12. Why is it important to have more than one trial (multiple replicates) in a well-designed experiment? 13. In a study researchers looked at the effects of nutrition on reading ability. In Group A, children ate at least three ounces of dark green vegetables every day for one month. In Group B, children were fed their regular diet. At the end of the month, the children took a reading comprehension test. Those who ate the green vegetables every day for one month (Group A) did not vary in their test scores when compared to Group B. What is the Experimental Group: What is the Control Group: What is the Dependent variable? What is the Independent variable? Macromolecules Unit: 1. What are the four macromolecules that are the building blocks of life? 2. Fill in the chart below to explain the function of the four macromolecules as well as examples. Make sure to use your notes from our class. Macromolecules Function (role in the body) Examples Carbohydrates Example: Energy Storage Example: Starch Provides Energy Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Fill in the Blanks. For #3 and 4, select the appropriate term to fill in the blanks. You will ONLY use each term once. A. Monomer B. Polymer 3. ______. Single, Small Unit such as Glucose. 4. ______. Larger molecule, made up of monomers. An example is starch, glycogen, and cellulose.  5. Please label the monomer for each of the macromolecules (polymers). Make sure to use your notes from our class. Macromolecules Monomers Carbohydrates Example: Monosaccharide Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids 6. ____monomer A. the bond that holds amino acids 7. ____polymer together B. a smaller part of a larger molecule; 8. ____carbohydrate subunit 9. ____fatty acid C. made of DNA and RNA 10. ____protein D. a large molecule comprised of smaller monomers 11. ____amino acid E. the monomer of a nucleic acid 12. ____lipid F. made of C, H, and O and includes 13. ____nucleotide starches and sugars G. made of C, H, and O and includes 14. ____nucleic acid waxes, oils, and cholesterol. 15. ____ peptide bond H. molecules that contain C, H, O, and N I. a polymer that is comprised of amino acids J. chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms (found in lipids) 17. What type of reaction is shown in the picture below:  18. What type of reaction is shown in the picture below: 19. Fill in the chart below. Tell me the name of the monomer image. Image Monomer Name Macromolecule the monomer makes 20. How many monomers are in the image below:  CER: Claim, evidence, and reasoning A student just finished taking a nutrition course at Wayne State University. She claims that doritos chips are unhealthy due to the protein level being minimal, and protein is an important macromolecule in your diet. According to the Mayo Clinic, depending on overall weight, a person should consume 50–175 grams of protein a day; in addition, protein intake should only make up 200–700 calories of your diet. 21. What was the student's CLAIM: 22. What EVIDENCE did she provide: 23. What is their REASONING: Matter & Energy Lesson 1-2 1. What happened to the matter in each of the fuels during the burning lab? 2. What evidence do you have that the matter in the fuels changed? 3. What did the peat look like after burning? 4. What is the smoke made of? 5. Why did the flames go out when the fuel was covered? 6. How does peat store carbon? 7. Why is the release of carbon from peat and permafrost a concern? 8. What is peat? 9. What is permafrost? 10. Why is thawing permafrost a concern? 11. What is the connection between peat, permafrost, and carbon storage? 12. What fuel sample took the longest to light? 13. What color did the BTB solution turn after burning peat? What observation was made about the peat sample after burning? 14. Based on the BTB color change, which fuel sample likely produced the most carbon dioxide? 15. What is the primary purpose of timing the burning of each fuel sample? 16. Why might students choose to measure the mass of the fuel sample before and after burning? 17. What kind of molecules, elements or atoms might make up the fuels used? Matter & Energy Lesson 3-4 1. What is the independent variable (We changed) in the decomposition investigation? 2. What is the dependent variable (we measured) in this decomposition investigation? 3. Based on the decomposition investigation, what can be inferred about the relationship between temperature and the rate of decomposition? 4. Which of the following best summarizes the decomposition investigation's findings? 5. What did we figure out in our investigation in our yeast lab? 6. Based on the image below, what can you tell me about how oxygen levels impact the rate of cellular respiration? 7. If the oxygen levels were to decrease significantly, what would likely happen to the rate of cellular respiration? 8. Using the image below, what process is being displayed: 9. We have some data from scientists who were interested in finding out more about how decomposition is affected by oxygen in places where plant matter is underwater, like it could be in peat in the thawing permafrost. They put decomposers and plant matter underwater with different amounts of oxygen and measured how the percentage of plant material changed over time. Their results are shown below, what is a proper conclusion we can draw from the image below: 10. What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration? 11. What process do photosynthetic organisms use to convert sunlight into chemical energy? 12. What is the primary byproduct of photosynthesis that is essential for many living organisms to take in? 13. What are the reactants in the photosynthesis equation? 14. What are the products of photosynthesis? 15. What is the role of sunlight in photosynthesis? 16. What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis? 17. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? 18. What evidence suggests the Arctic was once warmer than it is today? 19. What factor is believed to have contributed to a warmer Arctic 11,000 years ago? 20. Which of the following claims describes the relationship between solar radiation (independent variable) and photosynthesis (dependent variable) based on the images? a. What did you notice about the solar radiation data? b. What did you notice about the photosynthesis data? 21. What is the relationship between solar radiation and photosynthesis? Which variable is the cause (independent), and which is the effect (dependent)?  22. What factors could contribute to the quantity of carbon stored in the peat in the permafrost? 23. 11.000 years ago, the Earth’s tilt was greater than it is today. Which of the following best explains the relationship between the Earth’s tilt and plant matter in the zombie fire system? Matter & Energy Lesson 5 1. What do plants do with the extra sugar they produce? 2. What is a directional hypothesis? 3. What is the independent variable in the photosynthesis lab? 4. What is the dependent variable in the photosynthesis lab? 5. Describe the purpose of the aquatic plants in the tilt investigation experiment. 6. What does the color change in the BTB solution indicate from yellow to blue? 7. How does the tilt of the Earth affect the amount of sunlight reaching the Arctic? 8. During periods of increased solar radiation in the Arctic, what happens to plant growth and carbon storage? 9. How do the results of the experiment relate to the formation of peat in the Arctic? 10. How do the various color changes in the test tubes help explain how light energy drives the cycling of matter through photosynthesis? 11. Under what conditions are more carbon dioxide and water molecules rearranged into sugars by plants? 12. When in Earth's history would Arctic plants have converted the most carbon dioxide and water into sugars through photosynthesis? 13. When in Earth's history would Arctic plants have had the lowest rates of photosynthesis? 14. What happened to the light energy in the investigation? 15. Why does the photosynthesis lab evidence help us understand about the zombie fire system? What type of light were these test tubes exposed to? 16. How did the changes in available sunlight affect the amount of plant matter in the zombie fire system?