AGEX-1-MIDTERM-COVERAGE (1) PDF

ZYNUR CRIS P. TORAJA, R.Agr., MExEd, MSAgEx Bachelor of Agricultural Technology Surigao del Sur State University- Tagbina Master of Extension Education (CAR) University of Southeastern Philippines- Tagum Master of Science in Agricultural Extension University of Southeastern Philippines- Tagum Li...

ZYNUR CRIS P. TORAJA, R.Agr., MExEd, MSAgEx Bachelor of Agricultural Technology Surigao del Sur State University- Tagbina Master of Extension Education (CAR) University of Southeastern Philippines- Tagum Master of Science in Agricultural Extension University of Southeastern Philippines- Tagum Licensed Agriculturist Instructor I Caraga State University- Main Campus Extension Education Concepts, Philosophy, Principles and Objectives ZYNUR CRIS P. TORAJA, R.Agr., MExEd, MSAgEx College of Agriculture and Agri-Industries Caraga State University Ampayon, Butuan City, Agusan Del Norte Do you considered EXTENSION as an EDUCATION ?  Extension Education Concept Education is conceived as a lifelong process of learning. It is a continuing process of bringing about desirable changes in the behavior of the human beings which involves a variety of methods and resources. 3 Modes Education Informal Education Formal Education Non-formal Education  Types Of Education Informal Education - Is the life long process by which every person acquires and accumulates knowledge, skills, attitudes and insights from daily experiences and exposure to the environment, at home, from travel, reading newspaper and books or by listening to the radio or viewing films or televisions. Types Of Education Formal Education - Refers to the highly institutionalized chronologically graded and hierarchically structured “education system” starting from primary school and reaching university education. Types Of Education Non-Formal Education - Refers to any organized, systematic education activity, career outside the framework of the formal system to provide the selected types of learning to particular subgroups in the populations, adults as well as children. What is Extension ? Extension means to extend, to spread or to disseminate useful information and ideas to rural people aside from the regular organized schools and classroom. It may also be defined as the extending of or a service or system that extends the educational advantage of an educations institution to persons unable to avail of formal education. Target Clients Poorest of the poor Farmers (Men and Women) Out of School Youth Alternative Words for Extension Formal Education Vs Non-formal Education Formal Education Vs Extension Education The teacher starts with theory & works up to The teacher (extension worker) starts with practical practical. & may take up theory later on. Students study subjects. Farmers study problems. Students must adapt themselves to the fixed It has no fixed curriculum or course of study & the curriculum offered. farmers help to formulate the curriculum. Authority rests with the teacher. Authority rests with the farmers Class attendance is compulsory. Participation is voluntary Teacher instructs the students. Teacher teaches and also learns from the farmers Teaching is only through instructors. Teaching is also through local leaders. The teacher has more or less homogeneous The teacher has a large & heterogeneous audience. audience. Formal Education Vs Extension Education It is rigid. It is flexible. It has all pre-planned & pre-decided programs. It has freedom to develop programs locally & they are based on the needs & expressed desires of the people. It is more theoretical. It is more practical & intended for immediate application in the solution of problems. Concept of Extension Research Extension Agricultural/Rural Development Farmer Main Function of Extension Informative Extension Emancipatory or Formative Extension or Human Resource Development Persuasive Extension Extension is an Educational Process Philosophy of Extension General Principles of Extension Education Communication and Education Works with Rural People Accountability to the Clientele Two-way Process Linkage Cooperate with other agency Different target group Other Principles of Extension Education(Battad,et al.,2003) Principle of cultural difference Principle of cultural change Principle of interest and needs Principle of grassroots approach Principle of voluntary involvement and cooperation Principle of mutual trust and respect Principle of participation Principle of the use of extension teaching method Principle of leadership Principle of satisfaction Principle of trained specialist Principle of working with the whole family  Purpose of Extension Transfer of Technology refers to the general process of moving information and skills from information or knowledge generators such as research laboratories and universities to farm family clients. Assistance in the Decision-Making Clients are trained to make decisions that are well informed in things like market outlets, prices, crop processing and storage. In this purpose, extension attempts to teach new values such as efficiency and productivity. Social Support System use of extension activities to create situation favorable to the acceptance of innovations, especially when these ideas for practice are the initial stage of acceptance. Objective of Extension To teach people living in the rural areas how to raise their standard of living, by their own effort, using their own resources of manpower and materials with minimum assistance from the government. To help people help themselves through educational means to improve their level of living. According to Di Franco (1963) the objectives of extension are: a. To raise agricultural production b. To raise the level of living Scope of Extension Agricultural production Marketing and processing of farm products Environmental protection and natural resources development Farm and home management Family living Youth development Leadership development Community improvement and resource development Public affairs References 1. Battad TT. Coloma PS and Paderes AS. 2003. Agricultural extension. Grandwater Publication, Makati City 2. Mula, Rosana P and Mula, Myer G. 2020. Agricultural extension and communication: A theoretical guide to social preparation of the Special Area for Agricultural Development (SAAD) Program. Department of Agriculture. 82 pp. ISBN: ZYNUR CRIS P. TORAJA Bachelor of Agricultural Technology Surigao del Sur State University Master of Extension Education University of Southeastern Philippines Licensed Agriculturist Instructor I Caraga State University- Main Campus History of Extension ZYNUR CRIS P. TORAJA, L.Agr., MExEd College of Agriculture and Agri-Industries Caraga State University Ampayon, Butuan City, Agusan Del Norte  The Distant Origin 1800 BC – In Mesopotamia, archeologists have unearthed clay of tablets of time on which were inscribed advice on watering crops and getting rid of rats. 2nd Century BC- 4th Century AD (Anno domini)- Latin texts were written, frequently drawing on practical farming experience, which aimed to help Roman landowners to maintain and improve their estates and revenues. Late Han Dynasty- the support of relevant agricultural research and the dissemination of information and advice were certainly begun. - The oldest fully surviving Chinese agricultural treatise, Essential techniques/or the Peasantry (535 AD)  The Distant Origin The Sung and Yuan Dynasties- the invention of woodblock printing, which allowed agricultural treatises and practical handbook to be widely distributed. Context about organizing and promoting agricultural research and extension work, and the teaching of agriculture and sericulture. The Ming (1368- 1644) and Chi’ing Dynasty (1644- 1912) – recognition of the importance of well-coordinated extension work on agricultural recommendations.  The Birth of Modern Agricultural Extension 1845 – The first agricultural extension service came into existence as a result of the outbreak of the potato blight (Phytophthora infestans) in Ireland, the Earl of Clarendon wrote to the Royal Agricultural Improvement Society of Ireland requesting assistance to help farmers improve their cultivation of potatoes; informative and educational activities were used instead of legislative authority.  The Beginning of Extension in Europe 1840’s- Use of the term “University Extension” or Extension of the University was first recorded in Britain. 1867-1868- First practical step were taken by James Stuart (Father of University Extension). Fellow of the Trinity College in Cambridge gave Lectures to women organization and working men’s club in the North of England. Dr. J. P. Leagans of USA is known as the father of extension, whereas Dr. K. N. Singh is known as father of Extension in the Indian context. 1872- Stuart approaches authorities in the University of Cambridge and appeal to them to organize centers for extension lectures under university supervisions. 1873- Cambridge University formally adapted the system. 1876- Oxford University followed Cambridge 1878- Oxford University followed the system.  Agricultural Extension in the US Extension Education was used in the USA to indicate that teaching should not be restricted to students on campus but extended to people living anywhere in the state. for many years, this was only an activity of the College if Agriculture. 1890- The American Society of Extension of University Reaching was established. 1891- The University of Chicago and University of Wisconsin begun organizing extension program which led to the establishment of Land Grant Colleges and the formal establishment of agricultural extension work in the country. Hatch Act of 1887 – Established a system of Agricultural experiment stations in conjunction with each state’s land grant university. Smith-Lever Act of 1914- created a system of cooperative extension to be operated by those universities in order to inform people about current development in agriculture, home economic, and related subjects. Agricultural Extension in the Developing Countries Morill Act of 1860 (Land Grant College Northern Hemisphere) created University of Chicago and Winsconsin. The act was signed by Abraham Lincoln, who was deeply concerned with the common man, to provide mechanisms for agricultural education. the act stipulated that each state would reserved acreage of federal land of which income support a state college or university for teaching agriculture and the mechanics art 1940’s- 1960’s – Agricultural Extension Organization was established in Latin America in the Caribbean 1960’s- 1970’s- Most extension organization were started in many African Nations.  Agricultural Extension in the Philippines 1565 - the beginning of extension works thru the Granjas modelos or model farm that were set up. They serves as - Experimental stations of the Spanish government - Demonstrations center for farmers October 8 1901- beginning of Extension work under the American Regime. April 30 1902- Establishment of the Bureau of Agriculture under the Department of Interior. July 1910 - Demonstration and Extension Division was created in the Bureau of Agriculture making the first formally organized government department implementing extension and research programs. Agricultural Extension in the Philippines July 10 1919 - The Extension Service Organization was made separate unit of the Bureau of Agriculture as the Demonstration and Extension Division. Expanded its work to include farmer’s cooperative, rural credit, marketing and animal insurance. Persons engaged in this kind of work were called Farm advisers. 1923- Demonstration and Extension Division was changed to Agricultural Extension Service. - the start of the Home Extension Work (Later known as Division of Home Economics) under the Division of Organic Chemistry of the Bureau of Science which focuses on food preservation. Maria Y. Orosa- Founded the Home Extensions Service  Agricultural Extension in the Philippines 1929- Bureau of Agriculture was recognized the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) and Bureau of Animal industry. Both Bureau’s continue to expand their extension service. 1936- Commonwealth Act 85 was passed. It established the provincial extension service financed by the provincial and municipal governments. Enacted of Commonwealth Act 649 which increased the budget of extension works. 1942-1945 Japanese Occupation- Home Economics and Agricultural Extension Work, particularly in the provinces suffered drawbacks, extension works has paralyzed.  Agricultural Extension in the Philippines 1947- The Home extension Unit under BPI was fused with the Agricultural Extension Unit of the Bureau of Agriculture. 1950- The Philippine Government requested the USA to send an economic survey mission to the Philippines to: Consider the financial problems of the country and to recommend measures that will enable the Philippines to become and to remain self-supporting. The Bell Survey Mission Recommendation – the consolidation of scattered extension service organization in the different bureaus into one bureau.  Agricultural Extension in the Philippines July 16, 1952- Bureau of Agricultural Extension (BAEx) was created on by virtue of R.A. 680. August 8 1963 – The BAEx was renamed Agricultural Productivity Commission (APC) under the office of the President. The APC, Land Authority, Agricultural Credit Administration, and the Land BAnk were placed at the crest of the Land Reform Program. Creation of the Rice and Corn Authority (RCA) through Executive Order no. 62. National Food and Agriculture Council (NFAC) emerged by virtue of EO no. 183, NFAC assume the major responsibility for overseeing the effective delivery of the agricultural extension service for the entire country.  Agricultural Extension in the Philippines 1972- declaration of the Martial Law. Several organization changes affecting agricultural extension took place. Presidential Decree No. 1 and Presidential Letter of Implementation No. 9. Reverted APC to its original name, BAEx (Nov. 1, 1972) and its control was returned to Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources with P.D. 970 abolishing the Farm Management Office of DAR transferring its function to BAEx. July 1, 1973 The BAEx was transferred back to DA. The Abaca and other Fiber Board was Fused with BAEx. 1977 World Bank Mission appraised the Philippines Agricultural Extension Service upon request of the Philippines government. March 27, 1979 National Extension Project (NEP) became operational with a world bank loan of US$ 35M  Agricultural Extension in the Philippines PD No. 1579 created ministry-wide regional offices in the Ministry of Agriculture Appointment of 12 ministry-wide regional directors and 24 asst. regional directors, and 75 PAOs in 1980. EO No. 967 – renamed the Ministry of Agriculture into the Ministry of Agriculture and Food (MAF) and transferred the BFAR from the Ministry of Natural Resources to the MAF. EO. No. 116 – BAEx, Agricultural Training Council, and the Philippine Training Center for Rural Development were merged into the Agricultural training Institute (ATI). The “BIRTH” of the ATI meant the “DEATH” of the BAEx. The agricultural extension services of the DA were devolved to the local government units LGUs by virtue of R.A. 7160 otherwise known as the Local Government Code (1991). 1997- The Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (RA 8435) ZYNUR CRIS P. TORAJA, R.Agr., MExEd, MSAgEx Bachelor of Agricultural Technology Surigao del Sur State University- Tagbina Master of Extension Education (CAR) University of Southeastern Philippines- Tagum Master of Science in Agricultural Extension University of Southeastern Philippines- Tagum Licensed Agriculturist Instructor I Caraga State University- Main Campus Philippine Presidents and their Contributions to Agricultural Extension President Manuel L. Quezon Division of Soil Survey was created to undertake soil and agronomical survey President Jose P. Laurel The period "Rude Awakening"- realization that the Philippines did not raise enough food for the people and was not self- sufficient President Manuel A. Roxas Party Rights to the Americans- The disposition, exploitation, development, and utilization of all agricultural, timber and mineral lands of the public domain Rehabilitation Finance Corporation (RFC now known as Development Bank of Philippines or DBP)- for the rehabilitation and development of agriculture among others President Elpidio R. Quirino ▪ Bureau of Agricultural Extension ▪ Made the rice industry the first commodity sector to have an integrated national planning ▪ Rural Bank Act- organization of a system of rural banks with substantial capital participation of the government ▪ Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing ▪ Administration (ACCFA)-authorized to organize the Farmers Cooperatives Marketing Associations (FACOMAS) President Ramon F. Magsaysay ▪ Philippines become a member of UN-FAO ▪ National Rice and Corn Program- launched along with Rice and Corn Coordinating Council ▪ Rice and Corn Coordinating Council- forerunner of the National Food and Agriculture Council (NAFC) now known as National Agriculture and Fishery Council (NAFC) President Carlos P. Garcia Austerity Program- urged the people to lead simple lives and do away with luxurious lifestyles Filipino First Policy- encouraged the people to patronize Pilipino-made products and to promote Filipino labor President Diosdado P. Macapagal International Rice Research Institute- established in UPLB Focus to solve the problem of the sugar industry President Ferdinand E. Marcos RA 6389-automatic conversion of share tenancy to leasehold and retention rate of 75-24 hectares must be lowered and the creation of DAR Masagana 99- program with massive dispersal of modern package of technology including High Yielding Varieties, fertilizers and pesticides Replanting program for coconut President Corazon C. Aquino Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Department of Agriculture Agricultural Training Institute President Fidel V. Ramos ▪ MDATP- Medium Term Agricultural Development Program ▪ GPEP- Grains Production Enhancement Program ▪ KCCDP- Key Commercial Crops Development Program ▪ MTLDP- Medium Term Livestock Development Program ▪ MTFMDP- Medium Term Fisheries Management Development Program ▪ GATT Safety Measure was adopted President Joseph E. Estrada ▪ Agrikulturang Makamasa ▪ Biotechnology was approved in the Philippines President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo ▪ GMA- Ginintuang Masaganang Ani ▪ Country wide assistance for rural employment and services ▪ Hybrid Rice Commercialization Program THE DECENTRALIZED AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN THE PHILIPPINES Legal Instrument Republic Act No. 7160 knowns as the Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 Objective: To attain the LGUs’ fullest development as self-reliant communities and make them more effective partners in the attainment of national goals. Specific Objectives: Bring government service closer to the people. Give local people the control and authority and opportunity to participate in the planning and implementation of extension programs. Specific Objectives: Make the responsible local government less dependent on the central government for support of extension services that benefits the constituents. Specific Objectives: Reduce the top heavy central government budget and personnel. Specific Objectives: Make the LGUs responsible for the cost of providing needed agricultural services to their constituents. Bureaus and Attached Agencies of the DA doing Extension and Training Bureaus: -Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI) -Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) -Bureau of Fishery and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) Bureaus: -Philippine Center for Postharvest Development and Mechanization -Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) -Agricultural Training Institute (ATI) DA-Attached Agencies: -Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority (Previously Cotton Development Authority and Fiber Development Authority) -National Tobacco Administration DA-Attached Agencies: -Philippine Coconut Authority -Philippine Carabao Center -PhilRice -Sugar Regulatory Authority Nature and Scope of the Extension Service Predominantly agricultural production and protection in coverage with home economics and rural youth development diminished. At the Barangay Level: Agricultural support services including planting materials distribution and operation of farm produce collection and buying stations. At the Municipal Level: Extension and on-site research services related to agriculture and fisheries activities, including dispersal of livestock and poultry, fingerlings for aquaculture; Palay, corn, vegetable seeds and other seedlings; At the Municipal Level: ▪ Development of local distribution channels preferably through cooperatives, inter- barangay irrigation systems; ▪ Water and soil resources utilization and conservation projects; ▪ Enforcement of fishery laws in municipal waters. At the Municipal Level: ▪ Implementation of community-based forestry programs and similar projects; ▪ Management and control of communal forests with an area not exceeding 50km2; ▪ Establishment of tree parks, greenbelts and other similar projects. At the Municipal Level: Information services which include investment and job placement information systems; tax and marketing information systems; maintenance of public library. At the Municipal Level: Infrastructure facilities including communal irrigation, small water impounding projects, artesian wells, rainwater collector, water supply systems, drainage, sewerage, flood control systems, etc. At the Municipal Level: Public markets, slaughterhouses and other municipal enterprises. At the Provincial Level: Agricultural extension and on-site research services which include prevention and control of plant and animal pests and diseases. At the Provincial Level: ▪ Assistance in the organization of farmers’/fishermen’s cooperatives, and other collective organizations as well as the transfer of appropriate technology. ▪ Facilities include livestock markets, animal breeding stations, Al centers, etc. At the City Level: All services and facilities at the provincial and municipal levels. Nature and Scope of AE ▪ Disseminate information ▪ Render technical assistance to clientele ▪ Assist and coordinate with local and national agency representatives Nature and Scope of AE ▪ Promote and maintain clientele organizations ▪ Monitor and evaluate agricultural projects and programs Nature and Scope of AE ▪ Assist clientele ▪ Implement regulatory quarantine laws ▪ Formulate farm or family development plans Nature and Scope of AE ▪ Assist in the development of agribusiness projects ▪ Conduct farm and home surveys ▪ Assist in the formulation of plans, programs, home visits, follow-up training and techno- demo approaches Problems and Issues Legal Issues: ▪ Perception of power and control of agricultural development resources. ▪ The LGC allows the municipal government to operate agricultural extension independently of the provincial agricultural extension programs. Legal Issues: ▪ No provision in the LGC for LGU agricultural extension to have functional relationship with the Central Government particularly DA. ▪ The LGC allows the national government programs at the local government units. Legal Issues: ▪ Unclear and inadequate legal basis for ATI to serve as the apex agricultural extension agency of the country. ▪ Municipalities are too small operational units for agricultural extension. ▪ No hierarchy of authority on agricultural extension program in the province. Legal Issues: ▪ DA decentralization to 15 regions has no positive impact on the devolved agricultural extension service. Human-related concerns: ▪ Number of extension personnel devolved. ▪ Cultural adjustments. ▪ Lack of incentives for career development. Financial concerns: ▪ Lack of funds for programs and projects for the National Agricultural Development Agenda. ▪ Lack of ideology of cooperation or interdependence in pursuing the country’s agricultural and development agenda. Financial concerns: Lack of an institutional system of financial transfer of agricultural extension.  AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES MODERNIZATION ACT 5 Major Concerns Food security Poverty alleviation and social equity Income enhancement and profitability especially for farmers and fisherfolks Global competitiveness Sustainability The process of TRANSFORMING THE AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES SECTORS… into one that is DYNAMIC TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED COMPETITIVE yet centered on HUMAN DEVELOPMENT and guided by the sound practices of SUSTAINABILITY and the principles of SOCIAL JUSTICE. Definition of Terms Poverty Alleviation and Social Equity providing the poor equitable access to resources income opportunities basic and support services infrastructure especially in areas where productivity is low as a means of improving their quality of life. Competitive Advantage Competitive edge in terms of product quality and/or price. The ability to produce a product with the greatest relative efficiency in the use of resources. Food Security The policy objective, plan and strategy of meeting the food requirements of the present and future generations of Filipinos in substantial quantity, ensuring the availability and affordability of food to all, either through local production or importation, or both, based on the country’s existing and potential resource endowment and related production advantages, and consistent with the overall national development objectives and policies. Global Competitiveness The ability to compete in terms of price, quality, and volume of agriculture and fishery products relative to those of other countries. Resource-Based Utilization of natural resources. Technology-Based Utilization of technology. Extension Services The provision of training, information and support services by the GO and NGOs to the agriculture and fisheries sectors to improve the technical, business and social capabilities of farmers and fisherfolks.  Medium and Long-term Goals 1. Increased income and profit of small farmers and fisherfolks; 2. Availability of rice and other staple foods at affordable prices; 3. Reduction of rural poverty and income inequality; Medium and Long-term Goals 4. Reduction of rural unemployment; 5. Reduction of the incidence of malnutrition; and 6. Improvement in land tenure of small farmers.  Medium and Long-term Goals 1. Increase in volume, quality and value of agriculture and fisheries production for domestic consumption and for exports; 2. Reduction in post-harvest losses; 3. Increase in the number/types and quality of processed agricultural and fishery products;  Medium and Long-term Goals 4. Increase in the number of international trading partners in agriculture and fishery products; 5. Increase in the number of sustainable agriculture and fishery firms engaged in domestic production, processing, marketing, and export activities;  Medium and Long-term Goals 6. Increase in and wider level of entrepreneurship among farmers and fisherfolk area; 7. Increase in the number of farms engaged in diversified farming; and 8. Reduce use of agro-chemicals that are harmful to health and the environment.  Structure of the Agricultural Extension Service in the AFMA Mandate: “The provision of training, information and support services by the government and non-government organizations to the agriculture and fisheries sectors to improve the technical, business and social capabilities of farmers and fisherfolks.” The AFMA calls for … “the utilization of research results through formal and non-formal education, extension and training services and the development of a national extension system that will help accelerate the transformation of Philippine agriculture and fisheries from a resource- based to technology-based industry.” The AFMA recognizes that … “the delivery of extension services shall be multi- disciplinary and shall involve farmers, fisherfolks and their organizations and those engaged in food and non-food production processing, including the private and public sectors.” Role of LGUs: Responsible for delivering direct agriculture and fisheries extension services. The province is mandated to “integrate the operations of the agriculture extension services and undertaken an annual evaluation of all municipal extension programs.” Role of private sector: Encourage especially the participation of farmers and fisherfolk cooperatives and associations and others in the private sector in the training and other complementary extension services especially in community organizing, use of participatory approaches, popularization of training materials, regenerative agricultural technologies, agribusiness and management skills. Role of SUCs: Assist in the LGUs extension system by improving their effectiveness and efficiency through capability-building and complementary extension activities such as technical assistance, training of LGU personnel, improvement of physical facilities, extension cum research and information support services. Financing Scheme: -Allocation of multi-year budgets that shall be treated as grants; -Transfer of funds from the DA to the LGUs as extension grants; -Placing the budget for agriculture and fishery at a minimum of 1% of the Gross Value Added. ZYNUR CRIS P. TORAJA Bachelor of Agricultural Technology Surigao del Sur State University Master of Extension Education University of Southeastern Philippines Licensed Agriculturist Instructor I Caraga State University- Main Campus Challenges of Extension and Function of University in Extension ZYNUR CRIS P. TORAJA, L.Agr., MExEd College of Agriculture and Agri-Industries Caraga State University Ampayon, Butuan City, Agusan Del Norte  Wide Geographic Area Of Coverage The Philippines is the third largest English- speaking country in the world. The country is divided into three geographical areas: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. It has 18 regions, 81 provinces, 145 cities, 1,489 municipalities, and 42,029 barangays. Barangay - The smallest political unit into which cities and municipalities in the Philippines are divided. Note: Extension Worker should serve 3 Barangay Wide Geographic Area Of Coverage Wide Geographic Area Of Coverage  Wide Geographic Area Of Coverage CARAGA REGION (Region XIII) The Caraga Region was created by virtue of RA 7901 on February 23, 1995. Consist of 5 Provinces ; Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Dinagat Island, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Wide Geographic Area Of Coverage CARAGA REGION (Region XIII) Agusan del Norte – Agri-processing and industrial estate zone Agusan del Sur – Agri-forestry center and food basket of the region Dinagat Island- Ecotourism and Fishery center of the Region Surigao del Norte- Major ecotourism destination, fishery producer, and mineral-based processing industrial center origin of the region Surigao del Sur- Agro-industrial, fishery, forestry, and tourism zone Butuan City- The Regional center and the major trading, processing, commercial and service center Ecological Zone of the Philippines Lowland irrigated Lowland rainfed Upland hilly Mountainous Coastal areas  The Culture of the People The culture of a society is the accepted way of doing things in that particular society. It is the way in which people lives their customs, traditions, beliefs and so on. Culture is not an accidental collection of customs and habits but has been involved by the people to help them in their conduct of life. Each aspect of the culture of a society has a definite purpose and function therefore it is related to all the other aspects of its culture. It is very important to evaluate and remember that culture really matters when planning an extension programs.  The Culture of the People There are five particular aspects of local culture that the extension agent should be aware of : Land tenure Farming system Inheritance Ceremonies and Festivals Traditional means of communication Problems of the People Rapid population growth Unemployment Poverty Mismanagement of resources Pollution Health disparities Inadequate basic service and access to school Functions of a University What is the primary mandate of a University ? To develop manpower to meet the needs of the society and attain improvement in the quality of life Functions of a University What are the mandated functions of a University ? SUCs are mandated to perform a trilogy of functions : Instruction, Research and Extension The Production function was added because of the need to augment the meager resource of the government to finance the educative process and for schools to become self-sufficient. Functions of a University What are the interrelationships of the four functions? The four functions, instruction is ‘primus inter pares’ (the greater of the equal) Research without Instruction will readily become stale. Instruction without research will readily become stale. Research without conscience is dangerous. It is extension provides conscience to research. Functions of a University Instruction refers to resident teaching or the implementation of curricular offerings required by students for graduation Research is concerned with technology or knowledge generation Functions of a University University Extension Service It is an inherent function of the institution of higher learning with the purpose of initiating, catalyzing, and sustaining the development of various communities, using their experience and available resources. It is a vital component in creating a more favorable, true to life teaching-learning experience for students and for the school to bring to the community its expertise and resources.  Functions of a University Extension service is a more encompassing terminology than community service It include provision of training, techno-demo service, as well as information and support services to the farming and other client sector to improve their technical, business and social capabilities. Extension as a services provided by the University/College refers to those activity which are requested by outside clients from college/school Individual extension work can take form of involvement in training programs as facilitators, or resource person/ lecturer, gender trainer, coordinator, crisis counseling and other forms of consultancy services.  Functions of a University What is RDE ? Refers to the research, development and extension continuum that operationalizes technology demonstration as a tool for extension, whose research results are the basis for farmers evaluation and appropriate choice for any decision in his farming business Functions of a University The four functions of the university promote harmonious balance to attain the four goals of higher education which are: Quality and excellence Relevance and responsiveness Equity and access Efficiency and effectiveness Functions of a University Legal basis of the University Extension function CMO 48 – Updated standards for the grant and retention of University status of HEIs series of 1996 RA 8435 or the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization act of 1997 (AFMA) EO 710 dated February 27, 2008 for the implementation of the Farmer Scientist Training Program (FSTP) for sustainable agricultural development RA 9717 converting CSSAC to University Functions of a University Scope of University Extension Service Extension service involves packaging, demonstration and application of appropriate technology, tools, materials, processes and product, generated through research and technical studies in selected communities for countrywide adoption It includes community organizing activities and similar extension, or community development works. Functions of a University Where are the Extension sites? Extension service can be conducted inside the school, this is called campus-based extension service Outside the school which called Community-based extension service  Functions of a University Four Areas of Concern of the University Extension Service Technology Transfer- this deals with components or packages of technology specific to the mandates of the institution Information Dissemination- this should be along the thrusts of the national government and the institution. Continuing Education- refers to upgrading courses with corresponding unit equivalent, accredited by several institutions; those without units acrredited may be for upgrading only of particular skills, carried out through seminars and training programs. Communication Media Technologies- these include reproduction of print and non- print media Functions of a University Sources of information and Technologies The Research Institutions and Consortia NGOs LGU Agricultural Technicians Farmer Leaders Other- integrators, cooperatives, lending banks Functions of a University Key Goals of Extension Poverty alleviation and Social equity Food Security Rational use of Resources Global Competitiveness Sustainable development People empowerment Protection from unfair competition Functions of a University What are the guidelines in University Extension Project Development? Put up an Extension Office in the college or university Allocate budget for extension work Conduct a training needs assessment of trainers and clients Develop an appropriate training program for trainers and other clients Train extension worker to enhance competencies in extension Develop a plan in extension. Planned projects must benefit students and the community Restructure curriculum to include practicum for students to enrich their learning experience Functions of a University What are the guidelines in University Extension Project Development? Strengthen departmental linkages to facilitate multi-disciplinary approach to student learning Organize or strengthen peoples organization as social laboratory for student interns/ Extensionist Develop built-in evaluation mechanisms Document field experiences of students and faculty for publication Establish a tract record in extension work Learn from past failure THANK YOU …