Indian Railways AC Traction Manual Volume I PDF

CHAPTER I MANAGEMENT OF AC TRACTION I. HEADQUARTERS OFFICE 10100 Introduction Electrification on Indian Railways remained mainly confined to following sections, till early fifties, at 1500 V dc:- 1. Suburban Railways in Bombay i) Central Railway...

CHAPTER I MANAGEMENT OF AC TRACTION I. HEADQUARTERS OFFICE 10100 Introduction Electrification on Indian Railways remained mainly confined to following sections, till early fifties, at 1500 V dc:- 1. Suburban Railways in Bombay i) Central Railway a) Bombay VT -Kalyan (main line) b) Bombay VT-Kurla (Harbour Branch) ii) Western Railway a) Churchgate-Virar 2. Ghat Sections of Central Railway) i) Kalyan-Pune ii) Kalyan-Igatpuri 3. MG Suburban Sections of Madras i) Madras Egmore-Tambaram section of Southern Railway. Before large scale electrification was thought of on Eastern Railway, the suburban section of Howrah-Burdwan was electrified at 3000 V dc. In the meantime SNCF (Socieite National Chemin de Fer Francais, i.e., French National Railways) had gone ahead with large scale main line electrification on their system with 25 kV, 50 Hz, ac, SNCF, who worked as Technical Consultants to Indian Railways for adopting a system of electrification on main line, recommended 25 kV, 50 Hz system as technically viable and economical for Indian Railways. Since then the entire electrification on Indian Railways has been carried out on 25 kV, 50 Hz, ac only. The first electrification on 25 kV, 50 Hz ac was taken up on South Eastern Railway between Rajkharaswan and Dongaposi. Even the Howrah-Burdwan section on Eastern Railway and Madras - Tambaram section on Southern Railway were later on converted to 25 kV, 50 HZ ac system. As on 31.3.94, a total of 11793 Route Kilometer have been electrified on 25 kV, 50 Hz ac single phase system. 1500 V dc system is, however, retained on Central and Western Railways, even though further electrification on these two Railways was done on 25 kV, 50 Hz, ac single phase system primarily because of problems of clearances in tunnels and interference with telecommunication lines in the suburban section. The system compatibility was obtained by providing either dual system yard with neutral sections at either end (as in Central Railway) or by using dual voltage locomotives (as in Western Railway). 10101 Chief Electrical Engineer (CEE)-Zonal Railway CEE is the Administrative Head of the Electrical Department, with overall responsibility for efficient working of the department. He is responsible to the General Manager in all matters pertaining to Electric Traction and Electrical General Services. On behalf of the General Manager, he directs and supervises all electrical works related to Railway, whether executed by Divisional Officer or by independent organisation. He oversees the budget of the Electrical Department and is also responsible for works to be executed by the department. CEE also functions as Electrical Inspector to the Government as defined in Section 36(1) of Indian Electricity Act- 1910, in respect of all high voltage electrical installations and equipment owned by the Railways. This includes all high voltage electrical installations in the Railway including transmission lines, 25 kV feeder lines, sub-stations, switching stations which although running outside Railway premises, are, nevertheless, owned by the Railway. He is responsible for administration of the Electricity Rules in the Railway. INDIAN RAILWAYS AC TRACTION MANUAL - VOLUME I In regard to electric traction installations, in his capacity as Electrical Inspector, CEE is chiefly responsible for the following: - 1. Scrutiny and approval of the layout and designs for sub-stations, OHE and other installations for compliance with the Indian Electricity Act and Rules; 2. Inspection of the completed installations, either personally or by deputing his officers, for compliance with the safety requirements; 3. Approval for the energization of the Installations; 4. Statutory inspection of the installations periodically under Rule 46 of the Indian Electricity Rules; 5. Investigation of electrical accidents and Issuing directives to prevent their recurrence; and 6. Submission of annual report to Central Electricity Authority. 10102 Control Over Division In all technical matters, the Senior Divisional Electrical Engineers (Sr. DEEs) in the Division are answerable to CEE. 10103 Duties of Administrative Officers CEE is assisted by one or more officers of Senior Administrative rank, who will be responsible to CEE for the proper working of the department, the area of responsibility of each will be defined by CEE. Administrative Officers will : a) Normally deal with all correspondence except those involving important policy matters and expression of opinion on behalf of the Railway on major matters of policy; b) On behalf of CEE, exercise administrative and technical control for the efficient planning, design, construction, commissioning, safe and economic operation and effective periodic maintenance of electric traction services, Train Lighting, Air Conditioning on Coaches, General Power Services in Railway premises and equipment owned by the Railway and to achieve this, carry out purposeful periodic inspection of installations; c) In the event of major breakdowns/accidents, take prompt and energetic action to restore normal services at the earliest possible time and subsequently take follow-up action to investigate the cause of failure and initiate measures to prevent recurrence; d) Co-ordinate effectively with Administrative Officers of operating and other departments on the Railway and also their counterparts in other Railways in regard to items of common interest; e) Maintain liaison with the Power-Supply Authorities at Headquarters level In regard to continuity of supply, tariff and policy matters; f) Keep a close watch over the day-to-day performance of traction services and tighten up preventive maintenance where required; g) Investigate equipment failures, particularly of recurring nature, initiate appropriate remedial steps to modify the design wherever required In consultation with the Research, Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO), Locomotive manufacturers; also take follow-up action to ensure prompt completion of modifications ordered on all equipment held by the Railway; h) Plan and review the organizational set-up required for satisfactory maintenance and operation of the electric traction services; INDIAN RAILWAYS - AC TRACTION MANUAL - VOLUME I (4) i)Plan the recruitment and training of staff for maintenance and operation; j) Exercise effective technical scrutiny over items for inclusion in the M&P, Works and Rolling Stock Programmes and progress items approved in the programmes; k) Plan in advance the procurement of vital stores required for maintenance and operation of electric traction services and maintain effective liaison with the Stores Department at Headquarters level for prompt procurement and adequate stocking of such stores; l) Arrange for standardization of stores as required and preparation of drawings and specifications to facilitate procurement; m) Study and analyze the periodic statistical returns on electric traction and initiate appropriate remedial measures as required to improve efficiency; n) Monitor energy consumption, power factor and Maximum Demand at various traction sub-stations on the Railway and initiate appropriate measures to ensure efficient utilization of energy and to contain the energy bill; o) Ensure the prompt submission of periodical returns to the Railway Board and RDSO; p) Budgeting and control over expenditure, particularly in regard to repair costs, energy bills and maximum demand charges; q) Carry out studies regarding the feasibility and economics of electrification of additional sections In consultation with the Operating and Accounts Departments and submission of proposals to the Board where found justifiable; r) Keep in touch with modern technical developments with a view to identify applicability in railway installations to reduce operation and maintenance cost; s) Maintain liaison with the Railways for quick return of overdue locomotives; t) Maintain close co-ordination with production units and POH workshops for supply of shop manufac- tured items, reducing POH time and improving reliability. 10104 Stores Procurement An important responsibility on the Headquarters and Divisional Offices is to ensure by timely action that sufficient stocks of stores and spares are actually held not only for meeting the day-to-day needs of maintenance and repair, but also for any emergency such as thefts of overhead conductors, uprooting of OHE masts on account of accidents, or to meet urgent operational requirements such as wiring of additional lines in a yard. Number of component parts involved in rolling stock and OHE maintenance is quite large and each of them should comply with rigid specifications, being of special nature. Reliable sources of supply are also limited. Taking all these factors into account, it is essential to take advance action to make a realistic assessment of the requirements for the whole Railway and take timely procurement action through the Stores Department. Machinery should exist on each Railway to review periodically the supply position jointly with the Stores Department so that prompt corrective action may be taken for items which are likely to be in short supply. Consolidation and scrutiny of requirements for the whole Railway, follow-up action in regard to the release of foreign exchange for imported items and correspondence with the Railway Board as well as with procurement agencies is the responsibility of the Headquarters Office. INDIAN RAILWAYS AC TRACTION MANUAL VOLUME I (5) 10105 Standard Drawings and Specifications Indian Railway Standard (IRS) drawings and specifications for electric traction spare parts and stores required will be issued by Chief Electrical Engineer. Drawings and specifications to be issued will keep in view the drawings and standards issued by RDSO and manufacturers and experience of Railways etc. II. DIVISIONAL ORGANIZATION 10106 Divisional Railway Manager (DRM) For administrative purposes, the DRM functions under direct control of the General Manager but is responsible to CEE for efficient functioning of electric traction and electrical general services under his direct administrative control. 10107 Duties of Traction Distribution (TrD) Officers 1.Duties of Senior Divisional Electrical Engineer (TrD) Sr. DEE/DEE(TrD) is the officer in immediate charge of the Traction Distribution section in a Division, responsible for all technical and organizational matters connected with the efficient maintenance and operation of the power supply installations, OHE and RC equipment. He should be intimately acquainted with the technical details, performance rating and operating and maintenance problems of the installations under his charge. His chief duties will be as under :- a) General planning and supervision to ensure efficient and safe maintenance and operation of the installations under his charge in accordance with prescribed schedules and regulations; b) Study of the day-to-day technical and organizational problems of operation and maintenance and initiation of appropriate measures to deal with these; c) Man-power planning for effective maintenance at minimum cost; d) Careful statistical analysis and compilation of details of all defects and failures occurring and initiation of appropriate remedial steps if these are attributable to inadequate or improper operation or maintenance or mismanagement by staff. Where defects are attributable to improper design or manufacture, or where modifications or proposed remedial measures require CEE's approval, prompt submission of detailed analysis together with recommendations, seeking such approval; e) Watch on the progress and completion of all approved modifications as well as the efficacy of such modifications; f)Watch on the availability of spare parts and stores required for maintenance and initiation of stores action well in advance for procurement of items involving prolonged delivery and effective follow-up action to ensure timely procurement. Also watch the behaviour of equipment to assess their anticipated life and timely programming of replacements; g)Overall co-ordination at the divisional level with the operating and other departments to plan power blocks required for maintenance of OHE and careful planning of maintenance work to make the best use of such blocks; h) Inspection of his jurisdiction as under- 1. Detailed visual inspection of the OHE by push trolley, motor trolley or OHE Inspection Car as often as possible; 2.. Detailed inspection of traction sub-stations, switching stations and other power supply and RC installations, in particular protective gear, once in six months, INDIAN RAILWAYS AC TRACTION MANUAL - VOLUME I 3. Frequent surprise checks of maintenance gangs at works including gangs working at night. At least one night inspection and one day inspection will be carried out by him; 4. General inspection of all subordinate offices under him once a year, including test check of stores and tools and plant items; 5. At least one current collection test in a year throughout his jurisdiction on main lines; i) Liaison with power supply authorities in regard to important matters that cannot be dealt with at lower levels; j)Preparation of plans and estimates for works involving the traction distribution system and scrutiny of plans and estimates for works of other departments affecting the traction distribution system. For minor works such as small changes in the layout of lines in yards or alignments, provision of OHE for one or two additional loops, cross-overs etc. designs will be worked out at the divisional level in accordance with approved standards and approval of CEE obtained before the works are executed. Designs for major works will however, be worked out in CEE's office; k)Arrange adequate training of staff under him in the correct methods of maintenance and operation; l) Careful preparation of the budget for traction distribution section and control over expenditure for operation and maintenance. In addition to scrutiny and passing of power supply bills, study of the energy consumption and maximum demand figures and liaison with the operating department and Rolling Stock section to keep expenditure for these under effective control; m) Special watch on the adequacy and alertness of the organization for dealing with failures and break- downs, personal supervision of operations in the event of major failures affecting train services or involving outage of essential equipment, so as to effect quick restoration ; n) Close association with tests and trials in the area under his jurisdiction and submission of prescribed reports; o) Ensuring by periodical and surprise inspections that rules and procedures laid down in the General and Subsidiary Rules, Manual of AC Traction, department codes and orders and circulars issued from time to time are being complied with by all staff under him and that they are Performing their allotted duties efficiently. 2. Duties of Divisional / Assistant Electrical Engineer (TrD) DEE/AEE(TrD) is the officer in immediate charge of the maintenance, operation and safety of all power supply installations, overhead equipment (OHE) and RC equipment in his jurisdiction and is answerable to Sr. DEE(TRD) in all matters connected therewith. In addition to assisting Sr.DEE(TrD) in his duties, his chief duties will be as under :- a) Efficient and safe upkeep and operation of the installations under his charge in accordance with the prescribed schedules including detailed planning of all maintenance works; b) He should ensure that Traction Power Controller (TPC) takes effective and prompt action to restore services in the event of power supply interruptions or other failures of the distribution system affecting train services; c) Close liaison with power supply authorities to ensure continuity of power supply; d) Careful and prompt investigation of all recurring or major power supply interruptions and equipment failures and initiation of appropriate remedial measures; INDIAN RAILWAYS - AC TRACTION MANUAL - VOLUME I (7) e) Preparation of preliminary plans and estimates called for by Sr.DEE(TrD) for works involving the traction distribution system, and scrutiny as called for by Sr.DEE(TrD) of plans and estimates for works of other departments in the section so far as they affect the system; f) Personal and periodical checking of the break-down organization to ensure that it is in good fettle to deal with all break-downs ; g) Prompt implementation of instructions received from time to time including those contained in Inspection Notes of superior officers and keeping record of action taken against each item; h) Careful scrutiny of statistical and other periodical returns before submission to Sr.DEE(TrD) and taking appropriate corrective action; i) Effective co-ordination with officers and staff of other departments in matters that warrant joint action and similar co-ordination with officers of contiguous sections; j) Inspection of his jurisdiction as under :- 1.Detailed visual inspection of the OHE in his section from observation dome/roof of OHE Inspection Car once in six months. Similarly inspection from cab of locomotives shall also be carried out: 2.Detailed inspection of traction sub-stations, switching stations and other power supply installations, in particular, protective gear, once in 3 months; 3 Frequent surprise checks of maintenance gangs at work including gangs working at night. The musters for casual staff, if any, should be checked and initialled; 4. Random check of the procedure followed for imposition of power blocks to verify that all prescribed safety rules are being rigidly followed; 5. Periodic inspection of subordinate offices, including stores, at least once in six months; 6.Current Collection Test over his entire jurisdiction at least once in six months. 10108 Duties of Rolling Stock (RS) Officers 1 Duties of Senior Divisional Electrical Engineer (RS) He is the officer in immediate charge of an Electric Loco or EMU Shed and responsible for all technical and organizational matters connected with the efficient maintenance of the Electric Locos based in the shed. He should be well acquainted with the mechanical and electrical design details, performance data and operating and maintenance problems of locos under his charge. His chief duties will be as under :- a) Manage the working of the shed to make the best use of manpower and facilities provided. Study the need for additional facilities and manpower to deal with existing and anticipated workload and formulate proposals for such additional requirements; b) Keep in touch with the day-to-day problems of the shed and take appropriate measures to deal with these; c) Make a careful statistical analysis of all defects and failures occurring and take appropriate steps if they are attributable to inadequate or improper attention in the shed. In the case of type defects due to improper design or manufacturing defects, furnish full analysis to CEE for taking up the matter with RDSO and the manufacturers; INDIAN RAILWAYS-AC TRACTION MANUAL-VOLUMEI d) Keep a watch on the progressing of modifications approved and Special Maintenance Instructions (SMIs) as well as the efficacy of such modifications/SMIs; e) Keep a careful watch on the availability of spare parts and stores required for maintenance of the locos/ EMUs and initiate action well in advance for procurement of items involving prolonged delivery and take effective follow-up action to ensure timely procurement also watch the behaviour of equipment to assess their anticipated life and programme procurement of replacements well in time; f) Through the Planning and Progress Organization (PPO) watch that maintenance is being carried out in accordance with prescribed schedules and carry out frequent test checks to ensure required standard of maintenance; g) Keep effective liaison with Sr.DEE(OP) in regard to operating problems, particularly shortcomings of the shed affecting optimum utilization of the locos/EMUs. Failures involving special or unusual features should be jointly investigated with Sr.DEE(OP); h) Careful study of the prescribed statistical returns before submission to CEE, RDSO etc. and initiation of appropriate steps in case of departure from accepted norms; i) Arrange adequate training of the staff under him in the correct methods of maintenance and operation; j) Ensure by periodical inspection that rules and procedures laid down in the General and Subsidiary Rules, Manual of ac Traction, departmental codes and orders and circulars issued from time to time are being complied with by all staff under him and that they are performing their allotted duties efficiently ; k) Ensure safety of stock, security of assets and staff in the shed; l.) Prepare the Works Programme, Rolling Stock Programme, M & P Programme and Budget and ensure expenditure control. 2. Duties of Divisional /Assistant Electrical Engineer (RS) The duties of DEE/ AEE(RS) will be similar to those for the Sr.DEE(RS) in respect of all works under his direct charge. He shall work directly under the control of Sr. DEE(RS) and be fully responsible for the proper and efficient functioning of all equipment under his control, and the standard of workmanship of repair and maintenance work carried out. Periodic inspection of subordinate offices including, stores at least once in six months. 10109 Duties of Rolling Stock Operation Officers 1. Duties of Senior Divisional Electrical Engineer (OP) Sr. DEE(OP) is the officer in immediate charge of the maintenance & operation of electric locomotives and electric multiple unit (EMU) stocks outside the electric loco shed. Sr. DEE(OP) is also responsible for dealing, on behalf of the Electrical Department, with all technical and organizational matters connected with the operation of electric rolling-stock. His chief duties will be as under : - a) Plan the requirements of locos and EMUs to meet traffic requirements and preparation of loco/EMU links to suit traffic requirements; b) Plan/review of the requirement of crew every six months; c) Maintain close liaison with the Operating Department officials and keeping himself fully conversant with operating problems and evolving counter measures to get over them so far as electric stock is concerned. Ensure maximum utilization of locos by watching detentions, taking on additional services, improving the engine links etc.; INDIAN RAILWAYS AC TRACTION MANUAL VOLUME I (9) d) Make available locos and EMUs as well as running staff as required for traffic and keeping a watch over train operations and making suggestions for better utilization of available stock. e) Keep himself fully posted with the technical details of the electrical equipment on rolling-stock so as to give guidance to the Drivers of locos in case of failures of equipment to give first aid attention, and arranging relief when required, so that normal working may be restored with the least possible delay; f) Ensure by periodical and surprise inspections that rules and procedures laid down in the General and Subsidiary Rules, Manual of AC Traction, departmental codes and orders and circulars issued from time to time are being complied with by all staff under him and that they are performing their allotted duties efficiently; g) Ensure efficient and safe operation and running maintenance of the rolling-stock under his charge in accordance with the prescribed rules; h) Prompt and careful investigation of electrical rolling-stock failures and furnishing of necessary details to the maintenance shed for taking remedial action. Failures causing detention of more than 30 minutes or other unusual occurrences shall be investigated jointly with Sr.DEE(RS) in-charge of the loco shed. Appropriate remedial action should be taken by Sr.DEE(OP) himself if the failure is attributable to lapses of running maintenance or defective operation; i) Organize, in co-operation with the Operating Department, the timely withdrawal of electric rolling- stock for maintenance attention in accordance with prescribed maintenance schedules. Liaison with the PPO of the shed for this purpose; j) Compile prescribed statistical information on electric rolling-stock, performance and utilization and their timely submission, after proper scrutiny, to CEE and other concerned officers; k) Maintain watch over the punctual running of electrically hauled trains and report of serious lapses to the Divisional Railway Manager; l) Study the pattern of energy consumption and maximum demand figures in relation to the traffic handled and initiation of appropriate measures; m) Give requisite technical guidance to Operating Department officers and staff in regard to the special techniques involved in the operation of electric rolling-stock; n) Train and examine for competency of electric running staff, watch over their performance and arranging refresher courses for such staff; o) Arrange the rosters for electric running staff; p) Issue of trouble-shooting, standing and other instructions required for the guidance and education of running staff. Arrange notification in the Working Time Table of instructions specially applicable to Electric Running Staff; q) Supervise restoration work personally or through DEE(OP), AEE(OP) when electric rolling- stock is involved in accidents and arranging representation of Electrical Department at joint inquiries; r) Foot-plate inspection of train working so as to cover the entire division at least once in 3 months, when he should pay special attention to - i) Punctuality of trains in accordance with the time-table and allotted paths; (ii) Observance of safety rules by Drivers and other operating staff; INDIAN RAILWAYS AC TRACTION MANUAL - VOLUME (10) iii) Correct observance of the prescribed rules of driving including, the best use of coasting and gradients for conservation of energy; iv) Proper functioning of loco/EMU equipment; v) Observance of speed restriction; vi) Scrutiny of loco log books and test check of locomotives and EMU stock as often as feasible for compliance with prescribed safety regulations and for efficient upkeep; by frequent surprise checks and questioning of electrical running staff. He will observe their alertness on duty, knowledge of and observance of rules and carrying of prescribed equipment; (vii) Look for reasons of poor signal visibility, train parting, stalling and other irregularities in the section where such things are reported; s) Periodic inspection of booking points, running rooms at least once in two months and at least one night inspection in a month. t) Ensure that speedometer charts are regularly scrutinized through Senior Divisional Inspectors (TELOC) having suitable cell. Duration for which charts are to be preserved, may be fixed by Division. 2. Duties of DEEIAEE((OP) The duties of DEE (OP) /AEE (OP) will be similar to those for the Sr. DEE (OP) in respect of all works under his direct charge. He shall work directly under the control of Sr. DEE (OP). 10110 Duties of Principal, Training School He is incharge of Training School of Zonal Railway for training of electric traction, maintenance and operating staff. The Principal, Training School/Senior DEE(Trg) shall be responsible for :- 1. Estimation of current training needs for maintenance and operating staff of the Railway; 2. Organising and imparting stipulated training for the maintenance and operating staff of the Railway; 3. Planning for future- training needs keeping in view the expansions, increase in traffic, induction of newer technology and to keep the senior personnel of the maintenance shops abreast with the new technology; 4 He will be responsible for equipping the training school with modern aids of teachings and learning and for this he will be assisted by a Vice-Principal and a team of instructors. Training being such an activity, assistance of non-Railway organisations is imperative. He will, therefore, be equipped to draft such assistance as and when required; 5. Up-keep of the training school and its environment in keeping. With the atmosphere required for learning. 10111 Budget Estimates for Electric Traction The following special points shall be kept in mind when preparing the Budget estimate for electric traction :- a) Energy consumption and maximum demand for goods and passenger services should be estimated based on an assessment of traffic expected during the next financial year obtained from the Operating Department. This is particularly important for sections where electric traction is likely to be introduced for the first time during the new year. Based on this, necessary provision should be made for energy INDIAN RAILWAYS - AC TRACTION MANUAL - VOLUME Consumption and other charges. The additional energy consumption may be computed on the basis of the specific energy consumption actually obtained for different services on the Railway during the previous six months. Where maximum demand payment is involved, the additional maximum demand for budgetting purposes may be assumed to be in proportion to the anticipated additional energy consumption if the pattern of train working remains unchanged. If there is material change in the pattern of train working, detailed calculation of maximum demand will have to be made from the proposed Graphic Train Charts for the period of the day when the traffic is heaviest; b) Anticipated changes in tariff and possibility of application of such changes with retrospective effect; c) Assessment of additional requirements of operating staff based on the traffic expected; d) Provision for training of additional staff based on anticipated expansion of services; e) Careful assessment of the cost of special procurement of stores for normal maintenance and heavy repairs; f) Provision for clearing backlog of repairs, if any. 10112 Electrical Department -- Budget Demands The demands and the main heads pertaining to the Electrical Department are as under - Demand No. 3 -- General Superintendence and Services of Railways Main Head 700 – Electrical Management Demand No. 5 -- Repairs and Maintenance of Motive Power Main Head 500 – Electric Locomotives Demand No. 6 -- Repairs and Maintenance of Carriages and Wagons Main Head 400 – Electrical Multiple Units Coaches Main Head 500 – TL, Fans & AC on Coaches. Demand No. 7 -- Repairs and Maintenance of Plant and Equipment Main Head 400 – Plant and Equipment – Electrical Demand No. 8 -- Operating Expenses – Rolling Stock and Equipment Main Head 300 – Electrical Locomotive Main Head 400- Electrical Multiple Units Demand No. 10 -- Operating Expenses – Fuel Main Head 300 – Electric Traction. INDIAN RAILWAYS AC TRACTION MANUAL - VOLUME (12)