Academic Reading and Writing 1 Lecture 6 PDF

Academic reading and writing 1 Lecture 06 Scientific Terms Dermis: - Skin layer below the epidermis that contains blood vessels, nerves, oil and sweat glands, and other structures. Diaphragm: - Muscle beneath the lungs that contracts and relaxes to move gases in and out of the body. Dilu...

Academic reading and writing 1 Lecture 06 Scientific Terms Dermis: - Skin layer below the epidermis that contains blood vessels, nerves, oil and sweat glands, and other structures. Diaphragm: - Muscle beneath the lungs that contracts and relaxes to move gases in and out of the body. Dilute: (a solution, suspension, mixture, etc.) having a low concentration or a concentration that has been reduced by admixture; (of a substance) present in solution, esp. a weak solution in water DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the genetic material of all organisms, made up of two twisted strands of sugar-phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases. Dominant: Describes a trait that covers over another form of that trait. Ecology: Study of the interactions that take place among organisms and their environments. Ecosystem: All the living organisms that live in an area and the non-living features of their environment. Embryo: Fertilized egg that has attached to the wall Embryology: Study of embryos and their development Emphysema: Lung disease in which the alveoli enlarge. Endospore: Thick-walled, protective structure produced by a pathogen when conditions are unfavourable for survival. Enzyme: A type of protein that regulates nearly all chemical reactions in cells. Epidermis: Outer, thinnest skin layer that constantly produces new cells to replace the dead cells rubbed off its surface. Equilibrium: Occurs when molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance. Evaporation: Process that takes place when a liquid changes to a gas. Evolution: Change in inherited characteristics over time. Exocytosis: Process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell. Emulsion: A type of colloid in which small particles of one liquid are dispersed in another liquid; e.g. dispersion of water in oil, or of oil in water. Emulsions are often stabilized by the addition of a substance, known as an emulsifier that has both lyophilic and lyophobic parts in its molecules. Fermentation: enzyme-catalyzed anaerobic breakdown of an energy-rich compound (such as a carbohydrate to carbon dioxide and alcohol or to an organic acid) by the action of microorganisms (such as bacteria or yeast) that occurs naturally and is commonly used in the production of various products (such as food, alcoholic beverages, and pharmaceuticals) especially by controlling microbial enzymatic activity. Fertilization: In sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and egg. free living organism: Organism that does not depend on another organism for food or a place to live. Gene: - Section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins. Genetic engineering: Biological and chemical methods to change the arrangement of a gene's DNA to improve crop production, produce large volumes of medicine, and change how cells perform functions. Genetics: a branch of biology that deals with the heredity and variation of organisms. Genotype: An organism's genetic makeup. 1. The upper chambers of the heart that contract at the same time during a heartbeat: Ventricle Atrium 2. Disease-carrying organism, such as a rat, mosquito, or fly, that spreads infectious disease: Biological vectors Parasites 3. Nutrient that usually is the body's main source of energy: Proteins Carbohydrates 4. Tough, flexible tissue that joins vertebrae and makes up all or part of the vertebrate endoskeleton: Cartridge Tendons 5. Part of the brain that controls voluntary muscle movements, maintains muscle tone, and helps maintain balance: Cerebellum Cerebrum 6. Largest part of the brain, where memory is stored, movements are controlled, and impulses from the senses are interpreted: Cerebellum Cerebrum 7. Behaviour that occurs in repeated patterns: Cyclic behaviour Innate behaviour 8. Describes a trait that covers over another form of that trait: DNA Gene Dominant 9. Study of the interactions that take place among organisms and their environments: Ecology Ecosystem 10. Lung disease in which the alveoli enlarge: Emphysema Asthma