ABPSYCH - LESSON 1.pdf

AN OVERVIEW  INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO ABNORMAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY CLINICAL BEHAVIOR IN ASSESSMENT HISTORICAL & DIAGNOSIS CONTEXT  SOMATIC SYMPTOM...

AN OVERVIEW  INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO ABNORMAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY CLINICAL BEHAVIOR IN ASSESSMENT HISTORICAL & DIAGNOSIS CONTEXT  SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED DISORDERS AND ANXIETY, TRAUMA - & MOOD STRESSOR-RELATED, & DISSOCIATIVE OBSESSIVE- DISORDERS DISORDERS COMPULSIVE AND AND SUICIDE RELATED DISORDERS  PHYSICAL DISORDERS AND HEALTH SEXUAL EATING AND DYSFUNCTIONS, PSYCHOLOGY SLEEP-WAKE PARAPHILIC DISORDERS DISORDERS, AND GENDER DYSPHORIA  PERSONALITY DISORDERS SCHIZOPHRENIA SUBSTANCE- SPECTRUM AND RELATED, ADDICTIVE, OTHER AND IMPULSE- PSYCHOTIC CONTROL DISORDERS DISORDERS  NEURO- COGNITIVE NEURO- MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS DEVELOPMENTAL SERVICES: LEGAL DISORDER AND ETHICAL ISSUES LESSON 1 1. Psychological Disorder 2. Psychopathology 3. Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior 4. Treatments (History) 5. Theories 6. Timeline of Significant Events  It is a psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected. Dysfunction Distress Deviance Dangerousness It is the scientific study of psychological disorders. Within this field are the following professionals: Counseling Psychologists Psychiatrists Mental Health Counselors FOCUS Clinical Description Causation (Etiology) Treatment and Outcome  KEY TERMS Presenting problem is the first Prevalence step in determining her clinical (how many people in the population) description. Course (pattern – chronic, It represents the unique episodic, acute, insidious onset) Prognosis combination of behaviors, (anticipated course of a disorder) thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder.  KEY TERMS BEFORE CLINICAL Prevalence DESCRIPTION… (how many people in the population) Course (pattern – chronic, Discussion on “presenting episodic, acute, insidious onset) Prognosis problem” (anticipated course of a disorder) presents specific problem or set of problems  KEY TERMS It is the study of origins, has to Prevalence do with why a disorder begins (how many people in the population) (what causes it). Course (pattern – chronic, It includes biological, episodic, acute, insidious onset) Prognosis psychological, and social (anticipated course of a disorder) dimensions. Treatment is often important to Example: the study of psychological You might take an aspirin to relieve headache which disorders. developed during the day of Psychopathology is rarely simple. taking exams. If you then feel better, that does not mean that This is because the effect does the headache was caused by a not necessarily imply the cause. lack of aspirin.  The Supernatural Tradition Demons and Witches Stress and Melancholy Treatments for Possession Mass Hysteria Deviant behavior has The Great Persian Empire been considered a All physical and mental reflection of the battle disorders were considered the work of the devil. between good and evil.  The Supernatural Tradition Demons and Witches Stress and Melancholy Treatments for Possession Mass Hysteria  EXORCISM Society as a whole Considered as treatment in began to believe more which various religious rituals were performed in strongly in the existence an effort to rid the victim of evil spirits. and power of demons and witches.  The Supernatural Tradition Demons and Witches Stress and Melancholy Treatments for Possession Mass Hysteria During this period, it is known that insanity was a natural TREATMENT phenomenon, caused by Treatments were rest, mental or emotional stress, sleep, a healthy & happy environment. and that it was curable. Mental depression and anxiety were recognized as illnesses.  The Supernatural Tradition Demons and Witches Stress and Melancholy Treatments for Possession Mass Hysteria Snake pits were built in many TREATMENT institutions. “Therapist” Many other treatments decided that hanging people based on the over a pit full of poisonous hypothesized therapeutic snakes might scare the evil element of shock were spirits right out their bodies. developed, including dunkings in ice-cold Strangely, this approach water. sometimes worked.  The Supernatural Tradition Demons and Witches Stress and Melancholy Treatments for Possession Mass Hysteria Fascinating SAINT VITUS’ DANCE & TARANTISM phenomenon which is In Europe, whole groups characterized by of people were simultaneously compelled large-scale outbreaks to run out in the streets, of bizarre behavior. dance, shout, rave, and jump around in patterns.  Biological Tradition Psychological Tradition Moral Therapy Mental disorders were EMIL KRAEPLIN result of some as-yet- undiscovered brain Dominant figure during pathology and were this period and one of therefore incurable. the founding fathers of The only available course of modern psyhiatry. action was to hospitalize these patients. PERSONALITY TRAITS 4 humors of Greek’s conception Sanguine – red like Sanguine – cheerful & blood optimistic Melancholic – black bile Melancholic – depressive Phlegmatic – phlegm Phlegmatic – apathy or Choleric – yellow bile being calm Choleric – hot tempered  Biological Tradition Psychological Tradition Moral Therapy The precursor to modern psyhosocial treatment was when Psychosocial Treatment Plato thought that the two causes If something was wrong in the of maladaptive behavior were the environment, such as abusive social and cultural influences in parents one’s impulses and emotions would overcome one’s life and learning took place in reason. The best treatment an environment. was to reeducate the individual through rational discussion so Aristotle, also emphasized the that the power of reason influence of social environment and would predominate. early learning on later psychopthology.  Biological Tradition Psychological Tradition Moral Therapy Moral therapy as a system originated with the well-known MORAL THERAPY French Psychiatrist Philippe Pinel During the first half of 19th and his close associate Jean- century, a strong psychosocial approach to mental disorders Baptiste Pussin (Superintendent of called moral therapy became the Parisian hospital La Bicetre. influential. The term moral actually They made reforms by removing all referred more to emotional or chains ang instituting humane and psychological factors rather positive psychological than a to a code of conduct. interventions which produced “miraculous“ results. Unfortunately, after the mid-19th century, humane treatment declined ASYLUM because of a convergence of factors. First, it was recognized that moral It was decided to place the asylum away from town in therapy worked best when the number an area where residents of patients in an institution was 200 could work productively in a or fewer, allowing for great deal of pleasant and restful rural individual attention. setting with fresh air, individual attention, and the Mental health care was often provided availability of productive in asylums, which were institutions for activities. housing and treating individuals with mental illnesses. Reformers like Philippe Pinel in ASYLUM Europe and Benjamin Rush and Dorothea Dix began Dorothea Dix in the United the mental hygiene States advocated for more movement and spent humane treatment of mentally ill much of her life individuals. They emphasized campaigning for improving conditions within reform in the treatment asylums and promoting of the mentally ill. compassionate care.  HUMANISTIC THEORY PSYCHOANA THE LYTIC BEHAVIORAL THEORY MODEL 400 B.C 200 C.E 1300S 1400S Hippocrates Galen suggests Superstition Enlightened view runs rampant, that insanity is suggests that that normal caused by mental and mental psychological and abnormal disorders are or emotional disorders have behaviors are blamed on stress gains demons and momentum, and both biological related to four depression and bodily fluids, witches; and anxiety are again exorcisms are regarded by some psychological or humors. performed to rid as disorders. causes. victims of evil spirits. 1500S 1793 1825 1848 Paracelsus Philippe Pinel Syphilis is Dorothea Dix suggests that introduces different from successfully the moon and other types of the stars, not therapy and psychosis in that campaigns for possession by makes French it is caused by a more humane the devil, affect mental specific treatment in psychological institutions bacterium; U.S. mental functioning. ultimately, more humane. penicillin is institutions. found to cure syphilis. 1870 1895 1900 1904 Ivan Pavlov Louis Pasteur Josef Breur Sigmund Freud receives the develops his treats the publishes The Noble Pize for his germ theory of “hysterical” Interpretation work on the disease , which Anna O., leading of Dreams. physiology of helps identify to Freud’s digestion, which development of leads him to the bacterium identify psychoanalytic that causes conditioned theory. syphilis. reflexes in dogs. 1913 1920 1930 1938 B.F. Skinner Emil Kraeplin John B. Watson Insulin shock publishes The classifies various experiments therapy, electric Behavior of psychological with conditioned shock Organisms, which disorders from a fear in Little treatments, and describes the biological point Albert, using a brain surgery principles of of view and white rat. begin to be used operant publishes work to treat conditioning. on diagnosis. psyhopathology. 1943 1946 1950 1968 The Minnesota Anna Freud The first edition DSM-II is Multiphasic publishes Ego of the Diagnostic published. Personality and the and Statistical Inventory is Mechanisms of Manual (DSM-1) published. Defense. is published. 1980 1987 2000 2013 DSM-III is DSM-III-R is DSM-IV is DSM-5 is published. published. published. published. PSYCHOANA HUMANISTIC THE LYTIC THEORY BEHAVIORAL THEORY MODEL 1.Proponent/s 2.Tenets 3.Application to Therapy The story of: 1. “hysterical” Anna o. 2. little Albert