History Chapter 5 PDF

History Chapter 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g6f94z 1. Legislative Branch: The branch of government that makes the laws 2. Judicial Branch: The branch of government that interprets the laws 3. Executive Branch: The branch of government that enforces the laws 4. Republic: Political s...

History Chapter 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g6f94z 1. Legislative Branch: The branch of government that makes the laws 2. Judicial Branch: The branch of government that interprets the laws 3. Executive Branch: The branch of government that enforces the laws 4. Republic: Political system in which the citizens of a region elect representatives to run the government 5. Articles of Confederation (1777): the document that created the first central government for the United States; it was replaced by the Constitution in 1789 6. Land Ordinance of 1785: legislation passed by Congress authorizing surveys and the division of public lands in the Western region of the country 7. Northwest Ordinance (1787): legislation passed by Congress to establish a political structure for the Northwest Territory and create a system for the admission of new states. 8. Constitutional Convention (1787): a meeting held in Philadelphia at which delegates from the states wrote the Constitution 9. Virginia Plan (1787): the plan for government in which the national government would have supreme power and a legislative branch would have two houses, with representation determined by population 10. New Jersey Plan: a proposed plan to create a unicameral legislature with equal representation of state rather than representation by population 11. Great Compromise (1787): an agreement worked out at the Constitutional Convention establishing that a state's population would determine representation in the lower house of the legislature, while each state would have equal representation in the upper house 12. Three-Fifths Compromise (1787): an agreement stating enslaved people would count as three-fifths of a person when determining a state's population for representation in the lower house of Congress 13. checks and balances: the Constitutional system that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful 14. Federalists: people who supported ratification of the Constitution 15. Antifederalists: people who opposed ratification of the Constitution 16. Bill of Rights: the first 10 amendments added to the constitution - ratified 1791 17. The Federalist: a collection of essays on the principles of government, written in defense of the Constitution in 1787 18. delegated powers: powers given to each branch of the national government by the constitution 19. reserved powers: powers in the Constitution not specifically given to the federal government but instead left to the states 20. republican motherhood: women raise children to be future patriots 21. John Dickinson: wrote the articles of confederation - federalist 1/4  History Chapter 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g6f94z 22. Articles of Confederation: weak central government 23. 9/13: states needed to pass a law in the Articles of Confederation 24. 13/13: states needed to amend the Articles of Confederation 25. Robert Morris and Haym Salomon: debts of finance - suggested tax on imports and helped raise some money 26. Paper Money: cause of inflation 27. Thomas Jefferson: suggested the division of the NW Territory into districts 28. Tax, enforce laws, settle disputes: Things that the federal government couldn't do (under the Articles of Confederation) 29. Daniel Shays: led farmers in a rebellion against the Massachusetts government and Massachusetts tax laws 30. Annapolis, MD: Location of the first meeting for amending the Articles of Con- federation 31. Philadelphia, PA: Location of the Constitutional Convention 32. James Madison: "Father of the Constitution" - took notes on the Constitutional Convention 33. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson: not at the Constitutional Convention, as they were on missions abroad 34. James Madison: wrote the Virginia Plan 35. Edmund Randolph: proposed the Virginia Plan 36. William Patterson: wrote and proposed the New Jersey Plan 37. Connecticut: the delegates from this state suggested a compromise 38. Morris of PA: wrote "we, the people of the United States" 39. Ben Franklin: "act heartily and unanimously" - one of the leaders of the Consti- tutional Convention 40. Oliver Ellsworth, Roger Sherman, Dr. William Samuel Johnson: Proposed the Great Compromise (names) 41. Congress - The Great Compromise - The Legislative Branch: Article I of the Constitution 42. every 2 years - based on population: when are house members chosen and how are they chosen 43. smaller states: who is over represented in the house of representatives 44. 25, 7 year citizen, inhabit chosen state: requirements for house of represen- tatives 45. every 10 years: when is the census taken? 46. chosen for 6 years - every 2 years - 2 per state: how long are senators chosen for, when do they get elected, and how many per state? 47. 30, 9 year citizen, inhabit chosen state: requirements for senate 48. Vice President: Who is the President of the Senate? 2/4  History Chapter 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g6f94z 49. Majority of house/senate (218/51): minimum required to do business (enumer- ation) 50. Necessary and Proper Clause: allows Congress to make laws and do things that aren't necessarily in the Constitution, but are "implied" 51. The Executive Branch: Article II of the Constitution 52. Majority of Electoral College (270): requirement for winning the presidency 53. 2/3 vote: how much of the senate needed to approve a treaty? 54. The Judiciary Branch: Article III of the Constitution 55. 2/3 vote: required amount of Senate for a removal from office in an impeachment trial 56. Original Jurisdiction: original court that hears the first court case 57. Appellate Jurisdiction: Higher court that a case has been appealed to 58. Relations among States: Article IV of the Constitution 59. Full Faith and Credit Clause: Laws of other states must be recognized in all states 60. Privileges and Immunities Clause: court decisions (and other documents as such) must be respected in other states 61. Amending the Constitution: Article V of the Constitution 62. Supremacy of National Government (law structure): Article VI of the Consti- tution 63. Supremacy Clause: Constitution, Federal Laws, and Federal Treaties are "supreme law of the land" 64. Ratification: Article VII of the Constitution 65. 9/13: States needed for ratification of Constitution 66. Publius: James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton: writers of "The Federalist" 67. J. Madison, J. Dickinson, A. Hamilton, G. Washington, B. Franklin, J. Jay: - Federalists (list of names) 68. P. Henry, G. Mason, S. Adams, R. H. Lee, M. O. Warren, R. Yates: Antifederal- ists (list of names) 69. John Hancock: Proposed the idea of listing individual rights (bill of rights) 70. Freedom of Religion, speech/expression, press, assembly, and petition: - Amendment I 71. Establishment Clause: separation of church and state 72. Free Exercise Clause: people can freely exercise religion 73. States get a national guard, citizens have right to bare arms: Amendment II 74. no Quartering act (required housing of soldiers): Amendment III 75. probable cause of warrants necessary for search: Amendment IV 76. capital crime and requirements for capital crime: Amendment V 3/4  History Chapter 5 Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g6f94z 77. speedy trial, public trial, impartial jury, in state/district where crime oc- curred, prosecuted knows accusations, has witness for/against, assistance of lawyer: Amendment VI (all things said by it) 78. Criminal Law - charged w/ crime, Civil Law - person vs. person (trial by jury if over $20): Amendment VII 79. no excessive bail or fine, no cruel and unusual punishment: Amendment VIII 80. cannot use list of rights to say other rights do not exist (just because it isn't listed doesn't mean it's not there): Amendment IX 81. delegated powers (to federal government) and reserved powers (not pro- hibited from states): Amendment X 4/4