ABE 66 Land and Water Conservation Engineering PDF

ABE 66 Land and Water Conservation Engineering Indie G. Dapin Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering College of Engineering Central Mindanao University  Into to Soil and Water...

ABE 66 Land and Water Conservation Engineering Indie G. Dapin Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering College of Engineering Central Mindanao University  Into to Soil and Water Conservation Importance of Soil and Water Conservation Philippine Land and Water Resources Agriculture accounts for about 80% of total water use Philippine Land and Water Resources TOTAL LAND AREA: 30 M ha Alienable and disposable : 14.2 M ha Forest: 6.84 M ha – 23% (FMB 2010 data) Agricultural Land Area: 12.57 M ha – 42% (2010) Irrigated Area: 1,678,595 ha RAINFALL: Range: 965 – 4,064 mm Unsay plano? Moambag pa mo? https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=759906312737388 Discussion Question 1. What does conservation of natural resources imply? 2. What are the engineering problems involved in soil and water conservation? Excessive? Soil Erosion 4 Pics 1 word Luoy Drought  Pangutana sa Panaghisgot 1. What does conservation of natural resources imply? 2. What are the engineering problems involved in soil and water conservation? 3. What measures can you think of to address your answers in 2? Soil and water conservation engineering Application of engineering and biological principles to the solution of soil and water management problems Conservation – implies utilization without waste – continuous high level of crop production while improving environmental quality Soil conservation Soil conservation refers to the practice of protecting soil from erosion and other forms of degradation to maintain its fertility and productivity. It involves strategies to prevent soil loss due to wind, water, and other factors, and to enhance the structure and composition of the soil. Water conservation Water conservation encompasses the strategies and practices that are used to sustainably manage and protect water resources. It includes reducing water wastage, improving water use efficiency, and ensuring the sustainable use of available water resources. Soil and water conservation Soil and water conservation involves practices aimed at preventing soil erosion, improving soil fertility, and ensuring the sustainable use of water resources. Essential for maintaining agricultural productivity, protecting natural resources, and preventing land degradation. Significance of Soil and water conservation Agricultural Productivity Environmental Protection Combatting Desertification Mitigation of Climate Change The Role of Soil and Water Conservation in Sustainable Development The Role of Soil and Water Conservation in Sustainable Development Contribution to Sustainable Agriculture: Preservation of Soil Fertility Water Use Efficiency Reduction of Environmental Footprint The Role of Soil and Water Conservation in Sustainable Development Enhance resilience to climate change Soil Health Water Management Soil and water conservation engineering Engineering problems in soil and water conservation: 1. erosion control 2. drainage 3. irrigation 4. flood control 5. water resources development and conservation  Conservation Ethics increasing population will dictate the necessity of conserving land and water resources decreasing population of wildlife, extinction of species – air and water pollution, loss of habitat soil erosion is one major cause of water pollution conversion of prime farmlands to urban development natural resources should be passed on to future generations The conservation ethic is an in as good or better condition than previous generations ethic of resource use, have left them allocation, exploitation, and growing trend of conservation (gov’t incentives, private protection. Its primary focus sector-led, short- and long-term economic benefits) is upon maintaining the recycling of paper, glass, metals, etc. health of the natural world: waste segregation; plastic ban increasing costs of waste disposal its forests, fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity.  Rational balance of land and water resources utilization, development and conservation https://landezine-award.com/feng-river-eco-park/ Major Conservation Practices 1. erosion control 2. irrigation and drainage aproaches 3. flood control 4. water resources development and conservation Soil Erosion Control caused principally by human exploitation of natural resources and removal of protective vegetative cover urban-rural interface problems – high population density; increased runoff – severe changes in land use erosion control is essential to maintain crop productivity as well as sedimentation and pollution control in waterways it takes nature hundreds or thousands of years to build a cm of topsoil but get displaced in a year due to misuse factors affecting include climate (rainfall regime), soil type, vegetative cover, topography (slope), conservation practice Soil Conservation Techniques Contour Plowing Terracing Cover Cropping No-Till Farming Windbreaks Irrigation and drainage involves water and its movement on land surface or through soil mass for optimum crop growth drainage – land improvement; leaching – reclaim saline or sodic soils; maintain low water table irrigation – increase crop production, improve germination, control air temperature, applying chemicals development of reservoirs (storage facilities) to provide water at places and times at which it is not available increase cropping intensity; crop intensification groundwater extraction and recharge; land subsidence Water Conservation Techniques Drip Irrigation Rainwater Harvesting Mulching Check Dams Controlled Grazing Integrated Soil and Water Conservation Approaches Agroforestry Watershed Management Conservation Agriculture Flood control floods cause loss of life, crops, and property as well as cause health hazards, water pollution, and interruption of basic services (transportation, communication, etc.) flood losses will increase in the future because of continued development and unpredictable weather patterns flood control consists of prevention of overland flow on low lands and the reduction of flow in streams during and after heavy storms Water Resources Development and Conservation agriculture accounts for between 60-80% of total water use about 40% (Todd, 1979) of the water for irrigation was not available to crops losses include conveyance, seepage, percolation, evaporation and transpiration elimination/reduction of losses; improve efficiency water harvesting techniques; groundwater recharge in water-short areas, soil water is conserved by modified tillage and crop management techniques, level terracing, contouring, pitting, reservoirs, and other physical means of retaining rainfall in the soil and reducing evapotranspiration Major Conservation Practices Soil and water conservation is essential for sustainable development, ensuring the long-term productivity of agricultural systems, protecting natural resources, and mitigating the impacts of climate change. A variety of techniques and methods are available to conserve soil and water, each suited to different environmental conditions and agricultural practices. Integrating soil and water conservation into broader land management and agricultural practices is critical for achieving sustainability goals and protecting the environment for future generations.  Challenge question 1. What qualities make ABEngers particularly well- equipped to address and engage in soil and water conservation efforts? Engineers in soil sound soil and water conservation is based on full integration of engineering, atmospheric, plant and soil sciences and water soil physical, chemical and engineering characteristics soil-plant-water-environment interactions conservation creation of proper environment for optimum plant and animal production Engineers in soil rural-urban interface; air and water pollution control social and economic aspect; local and national gov’t policies, and water laws and regulations conservation ground and satellite mapping techniques (GIS), weather records and prediction, soil survey reports, computers, numerical simulations (modeling)  What is Hydrology? Hydrology is the science that encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their relationship with the environment within each phase of the hydrologic cycle (USGS). Hydrology is the study of the distribution and movement of water both on and below the Earth’s surface, as well as the impact of human activity on water availability and conditions (National Geographic). https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/what-hydrology https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/hydrology/ Hydrologic cycle also known as the Water Cycle describes how water is exchanged through Earth's land (surface and subsurface), ocean, and atmosphere. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/hydrologic-cycle/  Review the Hydrologic cycle https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/hydrologic-cycle/ END