ABE 66 PPT 1
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Questions and Answers

What does conservation of natural resources primarily imply?

  • Utilizing resources without waste (correct)
  • Maximizing the extraction of resources
  • Ignoring environmental impacts of resource use
  • Permitting unrestricted resource consumption

What is the main focus of soil conservation?

  • Protecting soil from erosion and degradation (correct)
  • Enhancing soil porosity for drainage
  • Increasing soil pH levels
  • Maximizing chemical fertilizer usage

Which of the following best describes water conservation?

  • Only focusing on irrigation practices
  • Using water resources without any management
  • Sustainably managing and protecting water resources (correct)
  • Increasing water wastage for more agricultural production

Why is soil and water conservation essential for agriculture?

<p>It prevents land degradation and protects natural resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT included in the practices of soil conservation?

<p>Using pesticides to increase yield (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant engineering challenge in soil and water conservation?

<p>Excessive rainfall management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Philippines, what is the percentage of total water use attributed to agriculture?

<p>80% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What encompasses the application of engineering and biological principles?

<p>Soil and water conservation engineering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of soil and water conservation in the context of sustainable agriculture?

<p>Preservation of soil fertility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an engineering problem related to soil and water conservation?

<p>Flood control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does soil and water conservation contribute to combating climate change?

<p>By enhancing soil health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conservation ethic focuses on maintaining the health of natural resources for future generations?

<p>Conservation ethic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major consequences of soil erosion?

<p>Water pollution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What promotes water use efficiency as part of soil and water conservation practices?

<p>Implementing rainwater harvesting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant impact of increasing urban development on agriculture?

<p>Conversion of prime farmlands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is essential for improving resilience to climate change?

<p>Water management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of soil erosion?

<p>Human exploitation of natural resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a soil conservation technique?

<p>Drip Irrigation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of irrigation in agriculture?

<p>To increase crop production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are floods a significant concern in agricultural areas?

<p>They can cause loss of crops and property. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices can help improve water conservation?

<p>Controlled grazing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do water harvesting techniques primarily aim to address?

<p>Conserving water in dry areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods can help manage saline or sodic soils?

<p>Leaching (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of agroforestry in integrated soil and water conservation?

<p>To integrate tree planting with agricultural practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of soil and water conservation techniques?

<p>To integrate environmental management practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fields of study is NOT directly involved in soil and water conservation?

<p>Biomedical engineering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are engineering techniques relevant to soil and water conservation?

<p>They utilize ground and satellite mapping techniques. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hydrology primarily study?

<p>The movement and distribution of water on Earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT included in the hydrologic cycle?

<p>Plant genetic mutations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do social and economic aspects play in soil and water conservation?

<p>They inform local and national policies related to conservation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major outcome of integrating soil and water conservation practices?

<p>Sustainable land management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor in soil-plant-water-environment interactions?

<p>Understanding soil physical and chemical characteristics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alienable and Disposable Land (Philippines)

Land in the Philippines that can be sold or transferred by the government.

Forest Land (Philippines)

Land covered primarily with trees in the Philippines.

Agricultural Land (Philippines)

Land in the Philippines used for farming.

Irrigated Area

Land in the Philippines where crops are watered by artificial means.

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Soil Erosion

Wearing away of topsoil by water or wind.

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Soil Conservation

Protecting soil from erosion and maintaining its fertility.

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Contour Plowing

Farming along the natural contours of the land to prevent erosion.

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Terracing

Creating horizontal steps on slopes to control erosion.

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Cover Cropping

Planting crops to cover the ground and prevent erosion.

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No-Till Farming

Farming without plowing the soil.

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Windbreaks

Trees planted to protect crops from wind erosion.

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Irrigation

Providing water to crops.

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Drainage

Removing excess water from land.

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Reservoir Development

Building reservoirs to store and manage water.

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Flood Control

Measures to prevent or reduce flood damage.

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Water Conservation

Using water efficiently and reducing waste.

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Drip Irrigation

Watering crops by delivering water directly to the roots.

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Rainwater Harvesting

Collecting and storing rainwater for use.

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Mulching

Covering the soil with organic material to retain moisture.

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Check Dams

Small dams used to slow water flow and prevent erosion.

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Agroforestry

Combining agriculture and forestry for sustainable land use.

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Watershed Management

Managing water resources within a specific watershed.

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Conservation Agriculture

Sustainable farming practices to improve soil health and water.

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Hydrology

Study of water on Earth.

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Hydrologic Cycle

Water's movement through the Earth system.

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Study Notes

Philippine Land and Water Resources

  • Total land area: 30 million hectares
  • Alienable and disposable land: 14.2 million hectares
  • Forest land: 6.84 million hectares (23% in 2010)
  • Agricultural land: 12.57 million hectares (42% in 2010)
  • Irrigated area: 1,678,595 hectares
  • Rainfall range: 965 – 4,064 mm
  • Agriculture accounts for approximately 80% of total water use.

Soil and Water Conservation

  • Definition: Practices protecting soil from erosion and degradation, maintaining fertility and productivity. Includes strategies to prevent soil loss and enhance soil structure.
  • Importance: Maintains agricultural productivity, protects natural resources, combats desertification, and mitigates climate change. Contributes to sustainable agriculture through soil fertility preservation, water use efficiency, and reduced environmental footprint. Enhances climate change resilience through improved soil health and water management.

Engineering Problems in Soil and Water Conservation

  • Erosion control
  • Drainage
  • Irrigation
  • Flood control
  • Water resources development and conservation

Soil Erosion Control

  • Primarily caused by human exploitation of natural resources and removal of vegetative cover.
  • Urban-rural interface issues exacerbate runoff and land-use changes.
  • Essential for maintaining crop productivity, sedimentation control, and pollution control in waterways.

Soil Conservation Techniques

  • Contour plowing
  • Terracing
  • Cover cropping
  • No-till farming
  • Windbreaks

Irrigation and Drainage

  • Involves water movement on land or through soil for optimal crop growth.
  • Drainage improves land, reclaims saline soils, and maintains low water tables.
  • Irrigation increases crop production, improves germination, controls air temperature, and facilitates chemical application.
  • Reservoir development provides water where and when needed.
  • Groundwater extraction and recharge are relevant factors, with potential for land subsidence.

Water Conservation Techniques

  • Drip irrigation
  • Rainwater harvesting
  • Mulching
  • Check dams
  • Controlled grazing

Integrated Soil and Water Conservation Approaches

  • Agroforestry
  • Watershed management
  • Conservation agriculture

Flood Control

  • Floods cause loss of life, property damage, health hazards, water pollution, and service interruptions.
  • Future flood losses are expected to increase due to development and unpredictable weather.
  • Flood control involves preventing overland flow and reducing stream flow during storms.

Water Resources Development and Conservation

  • Agriculture uses 60-80% of total water.
  • Significant water losses occur through conveyance, seepage, percolation, evaporation, and transpiration.
  • Reducing losses and improving efficiency are key. Water harvesting and groundwater recharge techniques are employed. In water-scarce areas, soil water conservation involves modified tillage, crop management, terracing, contouring, pitting, and reservoirs.

The Role of Engineers in Soil and Water Conservation

  • Soil and water conservation integrates engineering, atmospheric, plant, and soil sciences.
  • Understanding soil physical, chemical, and engineering characteristics is essential, along with soil-plant-water-environment interactions.
  • Engineers consider the rural-urban interface; air and water pollution control; social and economic aspects; and government policies, laws, and regulations. GIS, weather data, and soil survey reports are utilized. Modeling and simulations play a role.

Hydrology

  • The science encompassing the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of Earth's waters and their environmental relationships throughout the hydrological cycle. The study of water distribution and movement on and below the Earth’s surface, and human impacts on water.

Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)

  • Describes the exchange of water through Earth's land (surface and subsurface), ocean, and atmosphere.

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Related Documents

ABE 66 Land and Water Conservation Engineering PDF

Description

This quiz explores the land and water resources in the Philippines, highlighting key statistics such as total land area and agricultural land usage. It also covers the significance of soil and water conservation practices in maintaining productivity and addressing climate change. Test your knowledge on the relationship between land, water, and sustainable agriculture.

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