ABE 66 PPT 1

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Questions and Answers

What does conservation of natural resources primarily imply?

Utilizing resources without waste (correct)

Maximizing the extraction of resources

Ignoring environmental impacts of resource use

Permitting unrestricted resource consumption

What is the main focus of soil conservation?

Protecting soil from erosion and degradation (correct)

Enhancing soil porosity for drainage

Increasing soil pH levels

Maximizing chemical fertilizer usage

Which of the following best describes water conservation?

Only focusing on irrigation practices

Using water resources without any management

Sustainably managing and protecting water resources (correct)

Increasing water wastage for more agricultural production

Why is soil and water conservation essential for agriculture?

It prevents land degradation and protects natural resources Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT included in the practices of soil conservation?

Using pesticides to increase yield Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant engineering challenge in soil and water conservation?

Excessive rainfall management Signup and view all the answers

In the Philippines, what is the percentage of total water use attributed to agriculture?

80% Signup and view all the answers

What encompasses the application of engineering and biological principles?

Soil and water conservation engineering Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of soil and water conservation in the context of sustainable agriculture?

Preservation of soil fertility Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an engineering problem related to soil and water conservation?

Flood control Signup and view all the answers

How does soil and water conservation contribute to combating climate change?

By enhancing soil health Signup and view all the answers

Which conservation ethic focuses on maintaining the health of natural resources for future generations?

Conservation ethic Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major consequences of soil erosion?

Water pollution Signup and view all the answers

What promotes water use efficiency as part of soil and water conservation practices?

Implementing rainwater harvesting Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant impact of increasing urban development on agriculture?

Conversion of prime farmlands Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is essential for improving resilience to climate change?

Water management Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of soil erosion?

Human exploitation of natural resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a soil conservation technique?

Drip Irrigation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of irrigation in agriculture?

To increase crop production Signup and view all the answers

Why are floods a significant concern in agricultural areas?

They can cause loss of crops and property. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices can help improve water conservation?

Controlled grazing Signup and view all the answers

What do water harvesting techniques primarily aim to address?

Conserving water in dry areas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods can help manage saline or sodic soils?

Leaching Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of agroforestry in integrated soil and water conservation?

To integrate tree planting with agricultural practices Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of soil and water conservation techniques?

To integrate environmental management practices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fields of study is NOT directly involved in soil and water conservation?

Biomedical engineering Signup and view all the answers

How are engineering techniques relevant to soil and water conservation?

They utilize ground and satellite mapping techniques. Signup and view all the answers

What does hydrology primarily study?

The movement and distribution of water on Earth Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT included in the hydrologic cycle?

Plant genetic mutations Signup and view all the answers

What role do social and economic aspects play in soil and water conservation?

They inform local and national policies related to conservation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major outcome of integrating soil and water conservation practices?

Sustainable land management Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key factor in soil-plant-water-environment interactions?

Understanding soil physical and chemical characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Philippine Land and Water Resources

Total land area: 30 million hectares
Alienable and disposable land: 14.2 million hectares
Forest land: 6.84 million hectares (23% in 2010)
Agricultural land: 12.57 million hectares (42% in 2010)
Irrigated area: 1,678,595 hectares
Rainfall range: 965 – 4,064 mm
Agriculture accounts for approximately 80% of total water use.

Soil and Water Conservation

Definition: Practices protecting soil from erosion and degradation, maintaining fertility and productivity. Includes strategies to prevent soil loss and enhance soil structure.
Importance: Maintains agricultural productivity, protects natural resources, combats desertification, and mitigates climate change. Contributes to sustainable agriculture through soil fertility preservation, water use efficiency, and reduced environmental footprint. Enhances climate change resilience through improved soil health and water management.

Engineering Problems in Soil and Water Conservation

Erosion control
Drainage
Irrigation
Flood control
Water resources development and conservation

Soil Erosion Control

Primarily caused by human exploitation of natural resources and removal of vegetative cover.
Urban-rural interface issues exacerbate runoff and land-use changes.
Essential for maintaining crop productivity, sedimentation control, and pollution control in waterways.

Soil Conservation Techniques

Contour plowing
Terracing
Cover cropping
No-till farming
Windbreaks

Irrigation and Drainage

Involves water movement on land or through soil for optimal crop growth.
Drainage improves land, reclaims saline soils, and maintains low water tables.
Irrigation increases crop production, improves germination, controls air temperature, and facilitates chemical application.
Reservoir development provides water where and when needed.
Groundwater extraction and recharge are relevant factors, with potential for land subsidence.

Water Conservation Techniques

Drip irrigation
Rainwater harvesting
Mulching
Check dams
Controlled grazing

Integrated Soil and Water Conservation Approaches

Agroforestry
Watershed management
Conservation agriculture

Flood Control

Floods cause loss of life, property damage, health hazards, water pollution, and service interruptions.
Future flood losses are expected to increase due to development and unpredictable weather.
Flood control involves preventing overland flow and reducing stream flow during storms.

Water Resources Development and Conservation

Agriculture uses 60-80% of total water.
Significant water losses occur through conveyance, seepage, percolation, evaporation, and transpiration.
Reducing losses and improving efficiency are key. Water harvesting and groundwater recharge techniques are employed. In water-scarce areas, soil water conservation involves modified tillage, crop management, terracing, contouring, pitting, and reservoirs.

The Role of Engineers in Soil and Water Conservation

Soil and water conservation integrates engineering, atmospheric, plant, and soil sciences.
Understanding soil physical, chemical, and engineering characteristics is essential, along with soil-plant-water-environment interactions.
Engineers consider the rural-urban interface; air and water pollution control; social and economic aspects; and government policies, laws, and regulations. GIS, weather data, and soil survey reports are utilized. Modeling and simulations play a role.

Hydrology

The science encompassing the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of Earth's waters and their environmental relationships throughout the hydrological cycle. The study of water distribution and movement on and below the Earth’s surface, and human impacts on water.

Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle)

Describes the exchange of water through Earth's land (surface and subsurface), ocean, and atmosphere.

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Description

This quiz explores the land and water resources in the Philippines, highlighting key statistics such as total land area and agricultural land usage. It also covers the significance of soil and water conservation practices in maintaining productivity and addressing climate change. Test your knowledge on the relationship between land, water, and sustainable agriculture.