AB Shortened Unit 2 Summative Study Guide Review PDF

Unit 2: Summative Study Guide Review Complete the following review to help study for Unit 2: Foundations of American Government Summative Test. To earn revisions on the Summative this guide must be completed and submitted to Canvas before the testing time. Outcomes: Fundamental Principles in Gover...

Unit 2: Summative Study Guide Review Complete the following review to help study for Unit 2: Foundations of American Government Summative Test. To earn revisions on the Summative this guide must be completed and submitted to Canvas before the testing time. Outcomes: Fundamental Principles in Government 1. What are the principles of government found in the US Constitution? Popular Sovereignty, Rule of Law, Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances, Federalism, Independent Judiciary, and Individual Rights. 2. Define how and why popular sovereignty works in the US government. Popular Sovereignty works in the US government through elections where the people elect leaders to represent them. It works because the people have a say in their representation. 3. What is established in the Preamble of the Constitution? The purpose of the Constitution. 4. What forms of speech are limited by the First Amendment? Libel, Slander, and potentially harmful kinds of speech. 5. Which amendments were included to protect the rights of an individual in the legal system? Amendments that were included to protect the rights of an individual in the legal system are 5, 6, 7, and 8. 6. What is promised in the 5th, 6th and 8th Amendments? The 5 is the rights of the accused: Indictments; Due process; Self-incrimination; Double jeopardy, and rules for Eminent Domain. The 6 promises the right to a fair trial. The 8 promises protections against excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment. 7. Define prior restraint. Prior Restraint is the government trying to prevent potentially harmful information from getting to the public (reputation damaging ex. corruption) Impact of compromise in Government 1. Identify the greatest barrier to the ratification of the US Constitution in 1787. The greatest barrier to the ratification of the US Constitution in 1787 was the lack of a bill of rights. Important historical people in US Government 1. Identify who John Locke was and what he contributed to the US government. An English Enlightenment thinker who brought/expanded ideas of Limited Government and Social Contract Theory.  2. Identify who Thomas Paine was and what he contributed to the US government Author of Common Sense, pushed colonies to independence inspired by Rousseau 3. Identify who Rousseau was and what he contributed to the US government A French Enlightenment thinker who brought the idea of popular sovereignty and supported the social contract theory. 4. Identify who James Madison was and what he contributed to the US government “Father of the Consitution”, created the Virginia plan, helped write the bill of rights, wrote federalist papers, and a key figure in the Founding Fathers. Significant Documents in US Government 1. What does the Declaration of Independence declare for the country and its people? The declaration of independence declared the colonies separation from great britain to be a new country. For its people it declared independence and protecting their unalienable rights. 2. What was Common Sense and how did it influence the US government? Common Sense by Thomas Paine was a 1776 pamphlet that encouraged Americans to fight for independence and support democracy. US Government Power Centers 1. Why was the Articles of Confederation missing a strong central government? Because it was afraid of a monarch taking over so it gave the states the power. 2. What are the three branches of government? Legislative, Judicial, Executive. 3. Why did the framers design a government with three branches? In order to limit one branch taking all the power turning basically into a monarchy. 4. Identify the different checks and balances the three branches of government has on each other. Legislative approves presidential appointments (executive). Legislative branch institutes new courts (judicial). Judicial branch determines the constitutionality of laws (legislative). Judicial branch serves for life (executive). Executive branch veto laws (legislative). Executive branch grants reprieves and pardons (judicial). US Government Structures and Functions 1. According to the Constitution, how must the government be organized? Into 3 branches legislative, executive, and judicial. 2. Describe a federal system of government. A system of government where power is divided between the national and state governments. 3. What are three benefits to the US Federal system of government? Divided power, citizen participation, and flexibility.  4. What are two drawbacks of the US Federal system of government? Inequality and complexity. Roles, powers and limits in government 1. Describe the amendment process. An amendment is proposed and agreed by ⅔ of Congress and then approved by 75% of the states. 2. Which law is enforced when there is a conflict between state law and federal law and who decides? Federal law prevails and the supreme court decides. 3. Which levels of government are involved in the amendment process for the US Constitution? Both the regional and federal levels of government. 4. What are the three types of powers in the US Federal System and provide examples of each. Delegated powers: Powers for the federal government (Coin Money) Reserved powers: Powers for the states (Regulate Marriage) Concurrent powers: Powers for both federal and state governments (Provide public health) Expansion and restrictions of rights in the US 1. Which institution in government has had the greatest impact on the explanation of the Bill of Rights? The institution of the Supreme Court has the greatest impact on the explanation of the Bill of Rights because they interpret the Constitution and deal with court cases if they follow the Constitution which includes the bill of rights. So they explain the bill of rights either by loose or strict construction. Academic Vocabulary 1. Representative government a form of democratic government in which the people elect spokespeople to advocate the peoples ideas (republican government) 2. rule of law Everyone has to follow these clear laws and there is no exception for anyone 3. limited government Government powers are restricted usually by constitution 4. individual rights The rights that the government has to give its citizens 5. separation of powers The principal that government should be split between multiple branches in order for one branch to not contain total power 6. popular sovereignty People Power 7. Constitutionalism a government based on a constitution 8. majority rule The idea that decisions made and approved of over 50% of the population are accepted for all people 9. due process The idea that no one can be deprived of their human rights and liberties without fair legal procedures 10. republican government a form of democratic government in which the people elect spokespeople to advocate the people's ideas (representative government) 11. checks and balances A system in which branches of government can limit the power of other branches 12. federalism Separation of powers between the federal government and regional governments 13. independent judiciary Courts and judges separate from other branches of government 14. strict construction Interpreting the constitution as it was written not in modern times 15. loose construction Interpreting the Constitution for modern times 16. judicial review Judges are separated from the political process (Constitution over political party) 17. civil liberties The rights you take (protections from improper government) 18. civil rights The rights the government gives you (Constitution-guaranteed rights) 19. incorporation Applying the Bill of Rights to the states 20.libel Written defamation 21. slander Spoken defamation 22. prior restraint the government trying to prevent potentially harmful information from getting to the public (reputation damaging ex. corruption) 23. Self-incrimination statements under oath confirming guilt 24. double jeopardy Trying a person twice for the same crime 25. expressed powers Powers specifically given to the national government by the US Constitution 26. interstate commerce Trade between 2 or more states 27. intrastate commerce Trade in one state 28.unfunded mandate A policy imposed by the federal government that is required by the state/local govs without federal funding 29. devolution Transfer of higher powers to lower powers (central government--->regional governments)